Arc Hydro: GIS for Water ResourcesDavid R. Maidment

University of Texas at Austin

• Arc Hydro– Culmination of a 3-yr effort

– GIS in Water Resources Consortium

– Customization of ArcGIS for water resources

– Arc Hydro toolset and application framework

GIS in Water Resources Consortium

Bringing together these two communities by using a common geospatial data model

http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr

GISWater

Resources

CRWR

Geodatabase

MS Access Oracle

SQL Server Informix

DB2

Feature

IFeature : IRowIFeature

IFeatureBuffer IFeatureBuffer : IRowBuffer

IFeatureDraw IFeatureDraw : IUnknown

ArcGIS Introduces

• A new geographic data model• A new geographic database

– Stored in an Relational Database (Geodatabase)

• ArcObjects– Component Object Model

(COM) objects that access geographic data

– Works like MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint, ….

Geodatabase Model

FeatureFeature Geographic ObjectGeographic ObjectRow in DBMS TableRow in DBMS Table

GeodatabaseGeodatabaseCollection of FeatureDataSetsCollection of FeatureDataSetsLike a workspaceLike a workspace

FeatureDataSetFeatureDataSetCollection of FeatureClassesCollection of FeatureClassesLike a CoverageLike a Coverage

FeatureClassFeatureClass Collection of FeaturesCollection of FeaturesLike a Coverage FeatureClassLike a Coverage FeatureClass

• Features are geographic objects stored in relational database tables

• Feature location is an attribute of type shape

– Point, Multipoint, Line, Polygon

– Attributes and geometry are stored together not in separate files as in Arc Info 7 and ArcView 3

Features

Feature Feature (row)(row)

ShapeOID

524 X,Y,Z,M, ...

StreamStream

Type

Channel

. . .

. . .

FeatureClass (table)FeatureClass (table)

Feature DataSets

• A holder for a set of feature classes having a common coordinate system and spatial extent

GeoDatabaseGeoDatabase

FeatureClassFeatureClass

Feature Feature (row)(row)

ShapeOID

524 X,Y,Z,M, ...

StreamStream

Type

Channel

. . .

. . .

FeatureClass (table)FeatureClass (table)

Object ClassObject Class

FeatureDatasetFeatureDataset

Extensible Data Model

StreamStream

BasinBasin

FeatureFeature

GageGageConfluenceConfluence

ComplexEdgeComplexEdgeSimpleJunctionSimpleJunction

NetworkFeatureNetworkFeature

JunctionFeatureJunctionFeatureEdgeFeatureEdgeFeature

RowRow

MeasurementMeasurement

What is Arc Hydro?

• An data infrastructure for storing and integrating hydro data within ArcGIS– A set of hydro objects built on top of

ArcObjects– A set of standardized attributes– A vocabulary for describing data (glossary)– A toolset for implementing the data model

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Hydro Network

Channel System

Drainage System

Arc Hydro Components

Arc Hydro Data Model

Hydrography Hydrology

Streams

Drainage Areas

Hydrography

Channels

Terrain Surfaces

Rainfall Response

Digital Orthophotos

Data Model Based on Inventory

Data Model Based on BehaviorFollow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model

Relationships betweenobjects linked by tracing pathof water movement

• Arc Hydro Framework dataset for USA at 1:500,000 scale

• Built from USGS and National Weather Service data

• MonitoringPoints are USGS stream gaging stations

Arc Hydro USA

Streams

Watersheds Waterbody

Monitoring Points

Arc Hydro Framework Input Data

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Feature

Waterbody

HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameAreaSqKmJunctionID

HydroPoint

HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameJunctionID

Watershed

HydroIDHydroCodeDrainIDAreaSqKmJunctionIDNextDownID

ComplexEdgeFeature

EdgeType

Flowline

Shoreline

HydroEdge

HydroIDHydroCodeReachCodeNameLengthKmLengthDownFlowDirFTypeEdgeTypeEnabled

SimpleJunctionFeature

1HydroJunction

HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole

*

1

*

HydroNetwork

*

HydroJunction

HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole

HydroJunction

HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole

Arc Hydro Framework

Arc Hydro Framework Dataset for the Guadalupe Basin

HydroNetwork through Canyon Lake

Generic Junction (for topological connection of edges)

Flowlines through water body

HydroJunction has Waterbody Relationship

National Hydro Data Programshttp://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html

National Elevation Dataset (NED)

National Hydrography Dataset(NHD)

Watershed Boundary DatasetElevation Derivatives forNational Application (EDNA)

Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS)

Guadalupe Basin(4 HUC’s)

Hydrologic Unit Code = 12100203

• 2015 HUC’s cover continental US• average area ~ 1 county

NWS forecast Watersheds(flooding)

EPA TMDL Segments(water quality)

TNRCC water availability points(water supply)

GuadalupeHydroNetwork

Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin

Regional Analysis

HydroNetwork to provide connectivity of flow through large regions

Digital elevation modelfor terrain analysis withinbasins

Scales of representation of Drainage Systems

Basins – drainage areas for water resources management

Catchments – subdivision of Basin into elementary drainage areas by physical rules

Digital Elevation Model – land surface terrain grid cells

Watersheds – subdivision of Basinfor a particular hydrologic purpose

Catchments, DrainageLines and DrainagePoints

Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet

EDNA Catchments

Average area = 7.5 km2

Designed for remapping of Nexraddata onto drainage units

TSDateTime

FeatureID

TSType

TSValue

Arc Hydro Time Series Object

National Water Information System

Web access to USGS water resources data

Arc Hydro NWIS dataretrieval tool

HydroID and HydroCode

Retrieving NWIS Data

• Select Gage Layer

• Enter Period of Record

Streamflow Time Series

Arc Hydro Time Series Table

Time Series Extracted to Excel(In Excel, use Data/Get External Data to query Geodatabase)

Geodatabase view

Excel view

HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data

Average area = 14.5 km2

Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data

1 hour Nexrad Rainfallon the Guadalupe Basin

October 13, 2001

Water Balance in the Landscape

Atmospheric Water

Soil Water Surface Water

Groundwater

Precipitation

Evaporation

Runoff

Recharge

Baseflow

EDNA Catchments

Average area = 7.5 km2

Intersection of Nexrad and Catchments

Atmospheric Water

Soil Water Surface Water

Surface Water Balance

Modflow Groundwater Cells

Average area = 2.6 km2

Modflow Model of theEdwards-Trinity

aquifer

Intersection of Nexrad and Modflow Cells

Atmospheric Water

Groundwater

Groundwater Balance

Intersection of Nexrad, Catchments and Modflow

Atmospheric Water

Soil Water Surface Water

Groundwater

What software do you need?

• ArcView 8.2 – Viewing, querying existing geodatabases– Editing feature classes and adding data

• Spatial Analyst for ArcGIS– To operate the raster tools in Arc Hydro

• ArcInfo 8.2– To build geometric networks and create new

relationships

Arc Hydro Tools Version 1.0

• Raster processing– DEM processing

– Watershed delineation

• Vector processing– Arc Hydro attributes

– Network analysis

• Time Series and Application Utilities

• Buttons

Hydrologic Information System

Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making

Arc Hydro Geodatabase