ancient rome 2015-16 mrs.hill, art history, cca

Roman Republic

Saturday, August 1, 15

Temple of Fortuna Virilis

125 BC Forum Boarium- fusion of Greek and Tuscan traditions

Saturday, August 1, 15

Sanctuary of Fortuna at Praeneste (Palestina)

1st century BC

Large temple complex, on a steep hillside. Includes a series of ramps and terraces lead up to a large colonnaded court, from there a flight of steps arranged like the seats of a Greek theater lead to the semi-circular colonnade at the top. An entire

hillside is transformed and articulated so that the architectural forms seem to grow out of the rock.

Illustrates early use of arches, barrel vaults and concrete. (most important characteristics of Roman architecture.

Saturday, August 1, 15

Pompey the Great55 BC

small eyes, big nose puffy facethe real Pompey

also tousled hair similar toLysippus’ Alexander the Great

Capitoline Brutusbronze

Roman Republic Portraiturecharacterized by VERISM= realism shows all

imperfections, unlike the idealism of GreekPortraiture.

Saturday, August 1, 15

Julio-Claudian Emperors

Saturday, August 1, 15

Augustus of Prima Portaca 20 BC at the Vatican

Augustus is shown as victorious generalbut his body is idealized. He has an air of

divinity. Elaborate breastplate commemorates the victory over Parthia and the return of the

standards. Structural support provided by Cupid riding a dolphin (reference to Augustan’s

divine ancestry-goddess Venus.

CCA Italy trip 2010Saturday, August 1, 15

Ara Pacis 9 BC - the Altar of Peace

Imperial processionalAugustus and family

Tellus- Earth goddess -personification of Rome-2 children and the lush vegetation represent

the peace and prosperity of the Augustan Age.

Saturday, August 1, 15

Gemma Augustea10 AD

Top section shows Augustus portrayed as Jupiter seated next

to the goddess Roma.Bottom section shows Roman

soldiers erecting a war trophy in the presence of captured

Barbarians.

Saturday, August 1, 15

Domus Aurea- The Golden House of Nero

Built after the great fire of Rome in 64 AD. Octagonal room had a ceiling that rotatedto reflect the movement of the heavens.

Paintings on wall reflect the 3rd Pompeiian style

Saturday, August 1, 15

Arch of Tituscommemorating the sack of Jerusalem 81 AD

Saturday, August 1, 15

Arch of TitusRelief panels

Spoils of the TempleProcessional

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum)80 AD

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Inside the Colosseum* accommodated 50,000 spectators

* Concrete core- miles of vaulted corridors* masterpiece of engineering efficiency to

insure the smooth flow of traffic

Exterior * 80 arched entrances

* three levels of arches framedby engaged columns

* ground floor is Doricmiddle level is Ionic

Top level is Corinthian

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Pompeii and Herculaneum

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Human and animal casts Cave Canem Mosaic

PompeiiCCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style)

* 1st style- ca 2nd c. BC imitates stone masonry

2nd style- ca 1st c BC introduces images of landscapessurrounded by an architectural frame, extending the

interior space by the use of perspective.Illusions are rational and naturalistic

CCA Italy trip 2010

House of Augustus

Saturday, August 1, 15

Villa of Mysteries 2nd Style Pompeii

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Bedroom from Boscoreale 2nd style (MOMA)

Saturday, August 1, 15

4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style) cont.

3rd Style- ca 20 BC-20 AD- emphasized the flat confining nature of walls, characterized by the use of delicate and sophisticated details, denied all appearances of rationality and logic. Wall was painted a solid

color (red, black or white), slender architectural details enclose small vignettes in the center of the wall.

Saturday, August 1, 15

4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style) cont.

Domus Aurea frescoes3rd style

Boscotrecase frescoes3rd style

Saturday, August 1, 15

4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style) cont.

House of the Vettii (Ixion room) Pompeii4th style ca 20-79 AD- a synthesis between the 2nd style spaciousness and

3rd style elegance, elaborate illusionism.Saturday, August 1, 15

House of the Faun Pompeii

Large Roman villa named for the bronze statue of a faun located in the impluvium

Saturday, August 1, 15

Alexander MosaicHouse of the Faun

Pompeii

Mosaic Copy of a 3rd c.BC painting depicting Alexander the Great’svictory over the Persian King Darius

Saturday, August 1, 15

5 Good Emperors

Saturday, August 1, 15

Forum of TrajanRome, dedicated 112 AD

Largest of the Imperial Fora Architect Apollodorus of Damascus

Saturday, August 1, 15

Trajan’s Columdecorated with a spiral band of relief depicting Trajan’s Dacian campaignsMore than 2500 human figures, in addition to horses, boats, vehicles and

military equipment

Saturday, August 1, 15

The Pantheonca 120 AD

The best preserved structure from Ancient Rome. A temple dedicated to all gods. On the site of an earlier temple built by M. Agrippa. The Emperor Hadrian

probably commissioned the temple and playeda role in the design.

Exterior: deep porchCorinthian Columns

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Pantheon InteriorThe interior is round with

a domed roof. In the roof is the“Oculus” (eye). The Oculus

is 25 feet wide and lets in lightthat moves around the room as the sun moves across the sky.

The dome and drum are ofequal heights-

in exact balance

Saturday, August 1, 15

Hadrian’s Mausoleum (Castel Sant’ Angelo)

139 AD

Saturday, August 1, 15

Temple of Antoninus and Faustina

10 monolithic Corinthian Columns with portico still visible. Located in the Roman Forum

Saturday, August 1, 15

Equestrian Statue ofMarcus Aurelius

176 ADBronze, larger than life. A copy stands

in the center of Piazza del Campidogliowhich is a square designed by

Michelangelo on the Capitoline Hill.

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Late Empire

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Arch of Septimus SeverusAD 203

in the Roman Forum

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Baths of CaracallaAD 212-216

Saturday, August 1, 15

4 TetrarchsUnder the leadership of Emperor

Diocletian the empire was organized into a tetrarchy. Tetrarchy

is a Greek word for “rulership of Four.”

These are not individual portraitseach figure looks the same.

There is a lack of realism, naturalism and the figures are stiff and rigid.

Saturday, August 1, 15

Arch of Constantinededicated 315 AD in honor of Constantine’s defeat of Maxentius

Located next to the Colosseum. Three archways are decorated with sculpture from earlier monuments (Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Hadrian). The combination of styles is stylistically different with a non-naturalistic approach. There is little spatial depth and Constantine

is abnormally larger than other figures.

Saturday, August 1, 15

Basilica of Maxentius 308-312 AD

Located in the Roman ForumWas the largest building

in ancient Rome. Contained the Colossal of

Constantine.Today only the north aisle, three

large barrel vaults remain.

CCA Italy trip 2010

Saturday, August 1, 15

Colossal Head of Constantine

4th c AD

Saturday, August 1, 15