ancient rome 2015-16 mrs.hill, art history, cca
TRANSCRIPT
Roman Republic
Saturday, August 1, 15
Temple of Fortuna Virilis
125 BC Forum Boarium- fusion of Greek and Tuscan traditions
Saturday, August 1, 15
Sanctuary of Fortuna at Praeneste (Palestina)
1st century BC
Large temple complex, on a steep hillside. Includes a series of ramps and terraces lead up to a large colonnaded court, from there a flight of steps arranged like the seats of a Greek theater lead to the semi-circular colonnade at the top. An entire
hillside is transformed and articulated so that the architectural forms seem to grow out of the rock.
Illustrates early use of arches, barrel vaults and concrete. (most important characteristics of Roman architecture.
Saturday, August 1, 15
Pompey the Great55 BC
small eyes, big nose puffy facethe real Pompey
also tousled hair similar toLysippus’ Alexander the Great
Capitoline Brutusbronze
Roman Republic Portraiturecharacterized by VERISM= realism shows all
imperfections, unlike the idealism of GreekPortraiture.
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Julio-Claudian Emperors
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Augustus of Prima Portaca 20 BC at the Vatican
Augustus is shown as victorious generalbut his body is idealized. He has an air of
divinity. Elaborate breastplate commemorates the victory over Parthia and the return of the
standards. Structural support provided by Cupid riding a dolphin (reference to Augustan’s
divine ancestry-goddess Venus.
CCA Italy trip 2010Saturday, August 1, 15
Ara Pacis 9 BC - the Altar of Peace
Imperial processionalAugustus and family
Tellus- Earth goddess -personification of Rome-2 children and the lush vegetation represent
the peace and prosperity of the Augustan Age.
Saturday, August 1, 15
Gemma Augustea10 AD
Top section shows Augustus portrayed as Jupiter seated next
to the goddess Roma.Bottom section shows Roman
soldiers erecting a war trophy in the presence of captured
Barbarians.
Saturday, August 1, 15
Domus Aurea- The Golden House of Nero
Built after the great fire of Rome in 64 AD. Octagonal room had a ceiling that rotatedto reflect the movement of the heavens.
Paintings on wall reflect the 3rd Pompeiian style
Saturday, August 1, 15
Arch of Tituscommemorating the sack of Jerusalem 81 AD
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Arch of TitusRelief panels
Spoils of the TempleProcessional
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Saturday, August 1, 15
Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum)80 AD
CCA Italy trip 2010
Saturday, August 1, 15
Inside the Colosseum* accommodated 50,000 spectators
* Concrete core- miles of vaulted corridors* masterpiece of engineering efficiency to
insure the smooth flow of traffic
Exterior * 80 arched entrances
* three levels of arches framedby engaged columns
* ground floor is Doricmiddle level is Ionic
Top level is Corinthian
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Saturday, August 1, 15
Pompeii and Herculaneum
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Saturday, August 1, 15
Human and animal casts Cave Canem Mosaic
PompeiiCCA Italy trip 2010
Saturday, August 1, 15
4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style)
* 1st style- ca 2nd c. BC imitates stone masonry
2nd style- ca 1st c BC introduces images of landscapessurrounded by an architectural frame, extending the
interior space by the use of perspective.Illusions are rational and naturalistic
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House of Augustus
Saturday, August 1, 15
Villa of Mysteries 2nd Style Pompeii
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Saturday, August 1, 15
Bedroom from Boscoreale 2nd style (MOMA)
Saturday, August 1, 15
4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style) cont.
3rd Style- ca 20 BC-20 AD- emphasized the flat confining nature of walls, characterized by the use of delicate and sophisticated details, denied all appearances of rationality and logic. Wall was painted a solid
color (red, black or white), slender architectural details enclose small vignettes in the center of the wall.
Saturday, August 1, 15
4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style) cont.
Domus Aurea frescoes3rd style
Boscotrecase frescoes3rd style
Saturday, August 1, 15
4 Styles of Painting in Ancient Rome(Pompeiian style) cont.
House of the Vettii (Ixion room) Pompeii4th style ca 20-79 AD- a synthesis between the 2nd style spaciousness and
3rd style elegance, elaborate illusionism.Saturday, August 1, 15
House of the Faun Pompeii
Large Roman villa named for the bronze statue of a faun located in the impluvium
Saturday, August 1, 15
Alexander MosaicHouse of the Faun
Pompeii
Mosaic Copy of a 3rd c.BC painting depicting Alexander the Great’svictory over the Persian King Darius
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5 Good Emperors
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Forum of TrajanRome, dedicated 112 AD
Largest of the Imperial Fora Architect Apollodorus of Damascus
Saturday, August 1, 15
Trajan’s Columdecorated with a spiral band of relief depicting Trajan’s Dacian campaignsMore than 2500 human figures, in addition to horses, boats, vehicles and
military equipment
Saturday, August 1, 15
The Pantheonca 120 AD
The best preserved structure from Ancient Rome. A temple dedicated to all gods. On the site of an earlier temple built by M. Agrippa. The Emperor Hadrian
probably commissioned the temple and playeda role in the design.
Exterior: deep porchCorinthian Columns
CCA Italy trip 2010
Saturday, August 1, 15
Pantheon InteriorThe interior is round with
a domed roof. In the roof is the“Oculus” (eye). The Oculus
is 25 feet wide and lets in lightthat moves around the room as the sun moves across the sky.
The dome and drum are ofequal heights-
in exact balance
Saturday, August 1, 15
Hadrian’s Mausoleum (Castel Sant’ Angelo)
139 AD
Saturday, August 1, 15
Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
10 monolithic Corinthian Columns with portico still visible. Located in the Roman Forum
Saturday, August 1, 15
Equestrian Statue ofMarcus Aurelius
176 ADBronze, larger than life. A copy stands
in the center of Piazza del Campidogliowhich is a square designed by
Michelangelo on the Capitoline Hill.
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Saturday, August 1, 15
Late Empire
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Saturday, August 1, 15
Arch of Septimus SeverusAD 203
in the Roman Forum
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Saturday, August 1, 15
Baths of CaracallaAD 212-216
Saturday, August 1, 15
4 TetrarchsUnder the leadership of Emperor
Diocletian the empire was organized into a tetrarchy. Tetrarchy
is a Greek word for “rulership of Four.”
These are not individual portraitseach figure looks the same.
There is a lack of realism, naturalism and the figures are stiff and rigid.
Saturday, August 1, 15
Arch of Constantinededicated 315 AD in honor of Constantine’s defeat of Maxentius
Located next to the Colosseum. Three archways are decorated with sculpture from earlier monuments (Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Hadrian). The combination of styles is stylistically different with a non-naturalistic approach. There is little spatial depth and Constantine
is abnormally larger than other figures.
Saturday, August 1, 15
Basilica of Maxentius 308-312 AD
Located in the Roman ForumWas the largest building
in ancient Rome. Contained the Colossal of
Constantine.Today only the north aisle, three
large barrel vaults remain.
CCA Italy trip 2010
Saturday, August 1, 15
Colossal Head of Constantine
4th c AD
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