ancient korea
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Ancient Korea
Presentation created by Robert L. MartinezPrimary Content Source: Prentice Hall World HistoryImages as cited. zlatni.org
hwarangdo.com
Korea is located on a peninsula that juts south from the Asian mainland with its
tip pointing toward Japan. At the northern end of the peninsula, mountains and the Yalu River separate Korea from
China.
en.wikipedia.org
Low but steep mountains cover nearly 70 percent of the Korean peninsula. The
most prominent range is the T’aebaek. It runs from the north to the south along the eastern coast, with smaller chains
branching off to form hilly areas.
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Because farming is difficult on the mountains, most people live along the western coastal plains, Korea’s
major farming region.
en.wikipedia.org
Korea has a 5400 mile coastline with hundreds of good harbors. Since
early times, Koreans have depended on seafood for most of the protein in
their diet.
busan.for91days.com
Korea’s location on China’s doorstep has played a key role in its development. From its powerful mainland neighbor,
Korea received many cultural and
technological influences.
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At various times in history, China extended political control over the Korean peninsula. Throughout its
history, Korea served as a cultural bridge linking China and Japan.
buddhanet.net
Despite strong ties, the Korean language is not related to Chinese. The earliest Koreans probably migrated eastward from Siberia and northern Manchuria
during the Stone Age.
columbia.edu
They evolved their own way of life before the first wave of Chinese influence
reached the peninsula during the Han dynasty. In 108 B.C.E., the Han emperor
Wudi invaded Korea and set up a military
colony there.
history.cultural-china.com
Confucian traditions and Chinese writing and farming methods spread in Korea.
historyhaven.com
Between 300 C.E. and 600 C.E., powerful local rulers forged separate kingdoms: Koguryo in the north, Paekche in the
southwest, Shilla in the southeast, and
Kaya in the south.
emersonkent.com
Although they shared the same language and cultural background, the kingdoms often warred with one another or with
China. Still, Chinese influences continued to arrive (i.e. Buddhism.)
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In 668, with the support of the Tang empress Wu Zhao, the Shilla kingdom united the Korean
peninsula.
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Under the Shilla dynasty, Korea became a tributary state, acknowledging Chinese
supervision but preserving its
independence.
north-korea-travel.com
Over the centuries, Korea came to see its relationship to China in Confucian terms,
as that of a younger brother who owed respect and loyalty to an older brother.
Koreans adopted the Confucian emphasis on the family as the foundation
of the state.
asadalthought.wordpress.com spiritofmaat.com
Confucian ideas affected the rights of women. Early on, Korean women had the right to inherit property. Some upper-class women held public roles. Over time, as Confucian views took root,
women’s rights became restricted. Women could no longer inherit property, and a
woman’s position within the family became
more subordinate.
krmdi.blogspot.com
At the same time, Koreans adapted and modified Chinese ideas. For example, they
adapted the Chinese civil service examination to reflect their own system of inherited ranks. In China, even a peasant could win political
influence by passing the exam. In Korea, only
aristocrats were permitted to take the test.
dipity.com
During the Koryo age, Buddhism reached its greatest influence in Korea. Korean
scholars wrote histories and poems based on Chinese models, and artists created landscape paintings following
Chinese principles.
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Koreans used woodblock painting from China to produce a flood of
Buddhist texts. Later, Korean inventors made movable metal type
to print large numbers of books.
china-mike.com
They learned to make porcelain from China, but then perfected techniques of
making celadon, a porcelain with an unusual blue-green glaze. Koran celadon
vases and jars were prized throughout Asia.
artlex.com
The Mongols occupied Korea until the 1350s. In 1392, the brilliant Korean general Yi Song-gye
set up the Choson dynasty. Yi reduced Buddhist influence and set up a government based upon Confucian principles. With a few generations, Confucianism had made a deep
impact on Korean life.
hompi.sogang.ac.kr
Despite Chinese influence, Korea preserved its distinct identity. In 1443, Korea’s most
celebrated ruler, King Sejong decided to replace the complex Chinese system of writing.
Sejong had experts develop hangul, an alphabet using symbols to represent the
sounds of spoken Korean.
crystalinks.com
Although Confucian scholars rejected hangul at the outset, its use quickly
spread. Hangul was easier for Koreans to use than the thousands of characters in Chinese. Its use led to an extremely high
literacy rate.
self-learner.com
In the 1590s, an ambitious Japanese ruler decided to invade China by way of Korea.
Japanese armies landed and for years,
looted and burned across the peninsula.
www2.hawaii.edu
To stop the invaders at sea, the Korean admiral Yi Sun-shin used metal-plated
“turtle-boats.” After six years, the Japanese armies withdrew from Korea.
As they left, they carried off many Korean artisans to introduce their skills to Japan.
historum.com
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