anatomical landmarks-prosthodontics.ppt
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Introduction Introduction
M.M Devan Dictum “Aim of a prosthodontist is M.M Devan Dictum “Aim of a prosthodontist is not only the meticulous replacement of what is not only the meticulous replacement of what is missing, but also perpetual preservation of missing, but also perpetual preservation of what is present”what is present”
Complete denture must function in harmony Complete denture must function in harmony with the remaining natural tissues so for the with the remaining natural tissues so for the success, a through knowledge of the anatomy success, a through knowledge of the anatomy is a must.is a must.
Maxillary landmarksMaxillary landmarks1.1. Labial frenumLabial frenum2.2. Labial vestibuleLabial vestibule3.3. Buccal frenumBuccal frenum4.4. Buccal vestibuleBuccal vestibule5.5. Distobuccal sulcusDistobuccal sulcus6.6. Alveolar ridgeAlveolar ridge7.7. TuberosityTuberosity8.8. Hamular notchHamular notch9.9. Hard palate (flat portions)Hard palate (flat portions)10.10. Fovea palataniFovea palatani11.11. Mid palatine sutureMid palatine suture12.12. Incissive papillaeIncissive papillae13.13. Rugae Rugae
Labial frenumLabial frenum
Single band of fibrousSingle band of fibrous
connective tissueconnective tissue Properly relieved Properly relieved
Labial vestibuleLabial vestibule
Extends from labial frenumExtends from labial frenum
to buccal frenum.to buccal frenum. Proper lip support should be Proper lip support should be
provided.provided.
Buccal frenumBuccal frenum
Consist of one or moreConsist of one or more
bands.bands. Relieved Relieved Influenced by 3 musclesInfluenced by 3 muscles
Orbicularis oris (forward)Orbicularis oris (forward) Buccinator (backward)Buccinator (backward) Caninus (position)Caninus (position)
Buccal vestibuleBuccal vestibule
Buccal frenum to hamularBuccal frenum to hamular
notchnotch Influenced byInfluenced by
BuccinatorBuccinator ModiolusModiolus Coronid process of mandibleCoronid process of mandible
Alveolar ridgeAlveolar ridge
Ridge left after the extraction Ridge left after the extraction
of teeth.of teeth. Mucosa is firmly attached toMucosa is firmly attached to
the periosteum of the bone.the periosteum of the bone. Consist of dense collagenous fibers.Consist of dense collagenous fibers.
Maxillary tuberosityMaxillary tuberosity
Posterior convexityPosterior convexity Combination syndromeCombination syndrome
Hamular notchHamular notch
Pterygomaxillary notchPterygomaxillary notch Distal extension of dentureDistal extension of denture Identifying the PPS area.Identifying the PPS area. Situated between the tuberosity and Situated between the tuberosity and
hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.
Hard palateHard palate
Flat areas as secondary Flat areas as secondary
retentive areas.retentive areas. U shaped palateU shaped palate Flat palate (not good support)Flat palate (not good support) V shaped palate (least favorable)V shaped palate (least favorable)
Fovea palatineFovea palatine
Formed by coalescence of Formed by coalescence of
several mucous gland ducts.several mucous gland ducts. Landmark for location of Landmark for location of
vibrating line.vibrating line.
Mid palatine sutureMid palatine suture
Junction of palatine process Junction of palatine process
of maxilla.of maxilla. Covered by a thin mucosaCovered by a thin mucosa Slightly elevated or raisedSlightly elevated or raised Proper relief required.Proper relief required.
Incisive papillaeIncisive papillae
Pad of fiberous connective Pad of fiberous connective
tissue over incisive foramentissue over incisive foramen Proper relief should be given.Proper relief should be given. Aid in arrangement of anterior teeth and Aid in arrangement of anterior teeth and
jaw relation.jaw relation.
Rugae Rugae
Resist the horizontal forces Resist the horizontal forces
against the denture.against the denture. Should not be over Should not be over
compressed.compressed.
Mandibular land marksMandibular land marks
1.1. Labial frenumLabial frenum2.2. Labial vestibuleLabial vestibule3.3. Buccal frenumBuccal frenum4.4. Buccal vestibuleBuccal vestibule5.5. Buccal shelf areaBuccal shelf area6.6. Retromolar padRetromolar pad7.7. Pear shaped padPear shaped pad8.8. Lingual frenumLingual frenum9.9. Lingual vestibuleLingual vestibule
Labial frenumLabial frenum
Single narrow bandSingle narrow band Usually shorter and Usually shorter and
wider than maxillary.wider than maxillary.
Labial vestibuleLabial vestibule
Between labial andBetween labial and
buccal frenumbuccal frenum Support to the lower lip.Support to the lower lip.
Buccal frenumBuccal frenum
Single or more bands.Single or more bands. More clearance requiredMore clearance required
Buccal vestibuleBuccal vestibule
Extend up to external Extend up to external
oblique ridge.oblique ridge. Denture borders mayDenture borders may
overextend in this regionoverextend in this region
Buccal shelf areaBuccal shelf area
It is the primary stress It is the primary stress
bearing area.bearing area. Consist of thick corticalConsist of thick cortical
bone & dense connectivebone & dense connective
tissuetissue
Retromolar pad areaRetromolar pad area
Forms the distal end ofForms the distal end of
the denture.the denture. Consist of loose Consist of loose
connective tissueconnective tissue
Pear shaped padPear shaped pad
Aggregation of mucous Aggregation of mucous glands and loose,glands and loose,connective tissue.connective tissue.
Formed after residual Formed after residual scar of third molar.scar of third molar.
Muscle attachmentsMuscle attachments Posteriorly – temporalis tendonsPosteriorly – temporalis tendons Laterally – buccinatorLaterally – buccinator Medially – pterygomandibular raphe and superior Medially – pterygomandibular raphe and superior
constrictor of pharynx.constrictor of pharynx.
Lingual frenumLingual frenum
Fibrous band of tissue Fibrous band of tissue
that overlies genioglossus that overlies genioglossus Proper clearance requiredProper clearance required
Lingual vestibuleLingual vestibule
Divided into threeDivided into three Anterior vestibule Anterior vestibule Middle vestibuleMiddle vestibule Distolingual vestibuleDistolingual vestibule
Anterior Anterior
Also called sublingual crescent areaAlso called sublingual crescent area Structures presentStructures present
Genioglossus musclesGenioglossus muscles Lingual frenumLingual frenum Anterior portion of sublingual glandAnterior portion of sublingual gland
Middle Middle
Also called mylohyoid vestibuleAlso called mylohyoid vestibule Is the largest portion of lingual vestibuleIs the largest portion of lingual vestibule Structures seenStructures seen
Mylohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle Sublingual glandSublingual gland
Posterior Posterior
Also called lateral throat form orAlso called lateral throat form or
retromylohyoid fossaretromylohyoid fossa BoundariesBoundaries
Anteriorly – mylohyoid muscleAnteriorly – mylohyoid muscle Laterally – pear shaped padLaterally – pear shaped pad Posteriorly – retromylohyoid curtainPosteriorly – retromylohyoid curtain Medially - tongueMedially - tongue
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