an overview a key to green agriculture in the tropicscrsps.net/wp-content/downloads/ipm/inventoried...

IPM CRSP: An Overview – A Key to Green Agriculture in the Tropics R. Muniappan Director, Integrated Pest Management

Collaborative Research Support Program Office of International Research, Education, and Development, Virginia Tech

IPM CRSP at

Virginia Tech Phase I (1993–1998) 4 host countries

Phase II (1999–2004) 9 host countries

Phase III (2005–2009) 32 host countries

Phase IV (2009–2014) 16 host countries

The IPM CRSP works in hot, flat, and crowded parts of

the tropical world.

IPM CRSP Host Country

Regions in Phase IV (2009-2014)

Six regions

16 countries

Purpose of the IPM CRSP Develop and implement an approach to IPM that can reduce:

• Crop and income

losses due to pests

• Damage to natural

ecosystems

• Contamination of food

and water

Researcher works with eggplants at Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University

The IPM CRSP is designed to: • Improve opportunities

for women

• Improve health and the

environment

• Improve farmers’

knowledge

• Increase household

income

• Boost trade

The IPM CRSP approach

• Participatory IPM

• Training

• Networking

• Research

• Involvement of public

and private sector

• Technology transfer

• Gender considerations

Farmer field school in Uganda

The IPM CRSP’s reach

• Operates in 6 tropical regions

• Covers one-third of the world population

• Collaborates with:

20 U.S. universities

40 Host country institutions

7 IARCs

7 NGOs

10 Private institutions

IPM CRSP emphasis

Phases I + II (1993–2003)

IPM components,

institutionalization

Phase III (2004–2009)

IPM components,

regionalization and

globalization

Phase IV (2009–2014)

IPM packages for

selected crops,

globalization

Current IPM CRSP programs Regional programs

• Southeast Asia: Mike Hammig, Clemson University

Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia

• South Asia: Ed Rajotte, Penn State University

Bangladesh, India, Nepal

• Central Asia: Karim Maredia, Michigan State University

Tajikistan

• East Africa: Mark Erbaugh, Ohio State University

Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

• West Africa: Doug Pfeiffer, Virginia Tech

Ghana, Senegal

• Latin America and the Caribbean: Jeff Alwang, Virginia Tech

Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala

Current IPM CRSP programs Global theme or cross cutting programs

• Invasive Weed, Parthenium: Wondi Mersie, Virginia State Univ.

Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania

• Plant Diagnostic Laboratories: Sally Miller, Ohio State

For all regions

• International Plant Disease Network: Sue Tolin, Virginia Tech

For all regions

• Impact Assessment: George Norton, Virginia Tech

For all regions

• Gender Knowledge: Maria Elisa Christie, Virginia Tech

For all regions

Solarization experiment

at FHIA in Honduras

Yellow sticky trap for

catching adult leafminers

Trichoderma and Pseudomonas production in India

Use of Trichoderma in IPM • Produced by farmers’

organizations in the

Philippines,

Indonesia, Cambodia,

and Bangladesh

• Size quality difference

in broccoli,

Trichoderma treated

vs. untreated

Grafting to confer resistance to soil-borne diseases

• Eggplant yield ↑ 249% in Bangladesh

• Technology transferred to India, Nepal, Uganda, Honduras, and Ecuador

• Technology transferred from Bangladesh to Ohio

Dead eggplant due to bacterial wilt

Healthy field of grafted eggplant

Neem tree

Neem Extract Preparation in

Indonesia

NPVs for Spodoptera & Helicoverpa

Dr. Samsuddin explains about the production and use of NPV for the control of Spodoptera at his local

NGO in Bogor, Indonesia.

Helicoverpa trap

Biological control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus

Order: Hemiptera, Suborder: Sternorrhyncha, Family: Pseudococcidae

• Native to Mexico

• First described in 1902

• Caribbean: 1995-2000

• Pacific: 2000-2005

• Asia: 2008

• West Africa: 2009

Papaya field damaged

by mealybug

Acerophagus papayae, a parasitoid

of papaya mealybug

Classical Biological Control of Papaya Mealybug in India – benefit $100 Million in One year

Artificial nest for ants in cacao trees to repel cacao pod borer moths in Indonesia

Biocontrol agent production in Honduras

Predaceous mite collection in the lab

Orius bug production

Predaceous mite production

Pheromone traps used

in IPM CRSP regions • Helicoverpa armigera – Asia and Africa

• Spodoptera litura – Asia

• Spodoptera lituralis – Africa

• Plutella xylostella – All regions

• Bactrocera dorsalis – Asia

• Bactrocera cucurbitae – Asia and Africa

• Coffee berry borer – Asia and Africa

• Coffee white stem borer – Asia

• Leucinodes orbonalis – Asia

• Neoleucinodes elegantalis – LAC

• Cacao pod borer - Indonesia

IPM practice in bitter melon crop in Bangladesh

• Application of compost with Trichoderma

• Cuelure traps (left)

• Mashed sweet melon traps

• Picking disposal of fruit fly infested fruits

• Parasitoid release

Area-wide management of melon fly

Mashed sweet melon trap

Peanut bud necrosis virus of tomato • Transmitted by thrips, Thrips

palmae

• Common in India

• Roguing is effective in controlling

this virus

Unrogued field

Rogued field

Peanut bud necrosis virus-infected tomatoes

Geminivirus control in tomatoes Tomato yellow leaf

curl virus

transmitted by

white flies, primarily

Bemisia tabaci

Host-free period for

3 months is

effective in

reducing the

incidence

Virus-infected tomatoes versus healthy tomatoes

Field without host-free period versus field with host-free period

Crops

Vegetables

• Tomato • Cucurbits • Eggplant • Crucifers • Pepper

• Beans • Potato • Onions • Sweet potato =90%

Fruits and other crops

• Coffee • Passion Fruit • Citrus • Naranjilla • Cocoa

• Wheat • Tree tomato • Mora =10%

IPM CRSP package

• Soil treatment: VAM, Solarization, neem cake application

• Seed treatment: Trichoderma, Pseudomonas

fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis

• Grafting on resistant rootstock for control of bacterial

and Fusarium wilts and nematodes

• Hot water treatment for mite control in strawberries

• Staking and mulching

• Host-free period and roguing for virus disease control

• Pheromone traps

• Biopesticides: NPVs, Bt, neem, Heterorhabditis

Components

IPM CRSP package

• Resistant varieties

• Biological control – Use of parasitoids and predators

such as Trichogramma, Bracon, Orius, Neoseiulus, and

others

Components (continued)

IPM for tomato

• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas,

and Bacillus subtilus

• Solarization of seed beds and in greenhouses

• Use of VAM, neem cake, and other organics

• Use of virus disease-resistant varieties

• Grafting on resistant rootstock for bacterial wilt, cork root

disease, and others

• Staking and mulching

• Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers, etc.

• Pheromone traps and use of NPVs for Heliothis and Spodoptera

• Host free period and roguing for control of virus diseases

Components

IPM for eggplant (Asia)

• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas,

and Bacillus subtillus

• Use of VAM, neem cake, and other organics

• Resistant varieties for leafhoppers and nematodes

• Grafting for bacterial wilt

• Pheromone traps for fruit and shoot borer

• Release of Trichogramma and earwigs for control of FSB

• Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers, etc.

• Verticillium lecanii for control of aphids, leaf hoppers,

whiteflies, and others - South and Southeast Asia, LAC

Components

Farmers field school In Indonesia

Information

dissemination through

farmers field schools

and mass media

International workshop on production of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma & Pseudomonas)

• Participants:

Bangladesh,

Honduras, India,

Indonesia,

Kyrgyzstan, and

Uzbekistan

• Hands on

experience on

isolation, culture,

and mass

production of

Trichoderma and

Pseudomonas

• Event took place in July 2011 at TNAU. USAID India Mission personnel joined the

workshop participants in their field visits to the TNAU IPM CRSP research plots and to

a private company developing and commercializing microbial biocontrol agents.

Research and management of insect-transmitted virus diseases in the tropics and subtropics

• July 2012 workshop held at TNAU.

• Participants: Bangladesh, Ghana,

Honduras, India, Indonesia, Senegal,

Tanzania, Uganda, and the United

States.

• USAID India Mission personnel

attended the Inaugural session.

• Objective: review the current status

of insect-transmitted virus disease

management in the tropics and

subtropics and develop a plan for

future collaborative research under

the IPM CRSP International Plant

Virus Disease Network.

• Discussions focused on the current

status of research, education, and

extension relevant to the

management of virus diseases.

FY 2011: Long-term training

• 54 graduate students

• 25 men and 29 women (more than a 1:1 ratio)

• 17 PhDs and 37 MS

• PhD to MS ratio = 1 : 2

Graduate students from the following countries were

funded by the IPM CRSP in FY 2011: Bangladesh,

Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Honduras, India,

Indonesia, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Senegal, Tajikistan,

Tanzania, Uganda, United States, and Uzbekistan.

Graduate students funded by the IPM CRSP

FY 2011: Short-term training Regional programs Participants LAC 748

East Africa 649

West Africa 44

South Asia 7,029

Southeast Asia 3,784

Central Asia 2,671

Global themes Parthenium 240

IPDN 325

IPVDN 135

Impact Assessment 16

Gender 313

TOTAL 15,954

FY 2011: IPM CRSP publications

Regional programs Publication totals LAC 11

East Africa 35

West Africa 5

South Asia 137

Southeast Asia 31

Central Asia 11

Global themes Publication totals Parthenium 1

IPDN 5

IPVDN 10

Impact Assessment 2

Gender 3

TOTAL 253

Thank you.

Muni Muniappan

Director | IPM CRSP

rmuni@vt.edu

www.oired.vt.edu/ipmcrsp