amphetamines

AmphetaminesMatthew Giannetti

Amphetamine NamesStreet Name:

Co-pilotsSpeedCrankDex

Brand Name:AdderallVyvanseDexadrineBenzedrine in the past

Chemical Name:alpha-methylphenethylamine

Drug ActionAmphetamines modulate the neurotransmitters in the brain:

dopamineserotoninnorepinephrine

Action happens in the nucleus accumbens, striatum, and prefrontal cortex.

areas of the brain implicated in reward

However, the action only takes place in specific places.

Ex. Dompamine receptors in the hippocampus

Low Dose High DoseDrug Action

History & Medical UseJanuary 18, 1887

Amphetamine is first synthesized at Universitat Berlin by Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleanu.

1930’s Amphetamine approved by AMA for sale in tablet form to treat narcolepsy and ADHD.

40’s & 50’sAmphetamine is distributed to troops in WWII and The Korean War

History & Medical Use cont.

October 27, 1970Injectable methamphetamine is named a Schedule II drug. Other amphetamines & non-injectable methamphetamine are named Schedule III drugs.

July 7, 1971Amphetamines and non-injectable methamphetamine are moved from Scdule III to Schedule II drugs.

1996U.S. Congress passes act establishing new controls over key ingredients and strengthening criminal penalties for possession, distribution, and manufacturing

Amphetamine Derivatives

Physiological Effects of Amphetamines

Clench/Grind teethRapid breathingVasoconstrictionHyper and hypotensionHyperactivity and insomniaDiarrhea and/or constipationTachycardia and BradycardiaSiezure, stroke, coma, heart attack, and death

Psychological Effects of Amphetamines

Euphoria SociabilitySelf-esteem Anxiety and paranoiaIrritability and agressionAlterness and concentrationRepetitive and obsessive behaviors

Possible Side EffectsDepressionAnxiety Increased appetiteAgitationVivid or lucid dreamsSuicidal ideation

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