america and the middle east: oil, the cold war, and the first gulf war
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America and the Middle East: Oil, the Cold War, and the First
Gulf War
I. Introduction
• From Periphery to Center Stage
• Globalism and Localism
II. The View from Washington
A. The Centrality of Oil1. Cold War Considerations
2. Domestic Considerations
B. Other Factors
C. Consequences
III. 1945-1971: Partnership With Britain and Saudi Arabia
A. The US-Saudi Alliance1. The "50-50 Deal"
B. Alliance with Britain1. Middle Eastern Command (1952)
2. Problems
III. 1945-1971: Partnership With Britain and Saudi Arabia
C. Counterrevolution
D. The Baghdad Pact (1955)1. Failure
E. Impact
IV. Israel and the Two Pillars Policy: 1971-1981
A. Alliance with Israel1. Problems
B. The "Two Pillars"
C. Problems
V. Revolution, War, and Terrorism: 1981-1990
A. Iranian Revolution
B. Messy Little Wars1. Afghanistan
V. Revolution, War, and Terrorism: 1981-1990
C. Iran-Iraq War, 1980-19881. Causes
2. Attrition
V. Revolution, War, and Terrorism: 1981-1990
3. American Policy—Tilt Toward Iraq
4. Tanker War
5. Resolution
6. Legacy
VI. The Gulf War
A. Iraq’s Claims
B. American Reaction
C. Invasion of Kuwait, August 1990
VI. The Gulf War
D. Operation Desert Shield, Fall 1990
E. Operation Desert Storm, Jan-Feb 1991
F. Husayn Overthrown?
G. Double Containment
VI. The Gulf War
H. Aftermath1. Containing Iraq
2. Sanctions• Oil for Food Program
VI. The Gulf War
3. Permanent Military Presence
I. Victory . . . or Defeat?
Dhahran
Marine BarracksBombing, 1983
Saddam Husayn
Iran-Iraq War
Gulf War I
KurdishRefugees
VII. Conclusion
• Unintended Consequences
• Storm Clouds
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