agenda 1. notes - genetics 2. marshmallow monsters 3. vocabulary strips warm-up question 1. use the...
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Agenda 1. Notes - Genetics2. Marshmallow Monsters3. Vocabulary strips
Warm-Up Question
1. Use the following terms to explain fertilization (haploid, diploid, gamete, zygote, chromosomes)?
VocabularyGenotype
Phenotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Allele
Mendel
Trait
Mendelian Genetics
Why do we look like our parents and
grandparents?
Gregor Mendel…He’s THE MAN
• He studied heredity, how characteristics or traits are passed from parents to offspring.
• To find out about heredity, Mendel studied pea plants.
Pea Plant
Why are some flowers purple and others white?
Trait
Trait
• A type of characteristic.
• Example:
Flower color, Plant height
Eye shape, Hair color
• What determines which traits you will have and which your kids will have?
Gene
• The genetic information on a chromosome for a characteristic.
• We have 2 copies of each gene, one from mom and one from dad.
Mom Dad
Genes
Gene for hair
Allele• Allele: Different forms of a
gene.• Different alleles code for
different traits.
ExampleFlower ColorW = Purplew = white
DadMom
W w
Dominant Allele
• Dominant Allele - prevents other genes from showing their traits.
• These are written with Capital Letters. (like B, R, W)
DadMom
Dominant
B b
Example of Dominance
• Pea plants may carry one allele from dad w for white flowers and one from mom W for purple flowers.
• Because W is dominant, the baby pea plant will have purple flowers.
Mom Dad
W w
Recessive Gene
• Recessive Gene - does not show its trait when there is a dominant gene.
• These are written with lowercase letters. a, b, c
Recessive
DadMom
B b
Example of Recessive Inheritance
• If a pea plant has WW or Ww they have a dominant gene and will have purple flowers.
• However if the pea plant has two recessive genes ww, their flowers will be white.
Mom Dad
ww
Genotype
• Genotype: The genes or alleles we have for a certain trait.
Example
• WW, Ww, or ww
• Homozygous - same (WW or ww)
• Heterozygous - different (Ww)
Phenotype
• The physical trait that is shown.
• The phenotype is determined by the genotype.
Example
• White flower, purple flower
• Brown eyes, blue eyes
Genotype and Phenotype
Purple Flower WW or Ww
White Flower ww
We do not know which genes we are going to pass to our children.
Mom Dad
A a A a
A A A a A a a a
Can you roll your tongue?
AgendaMendel LetterBikini Bottom WorksheetOompha Loopa Genetics
Giants Blue hair (B) is dominant to Eagles Green hair (b).
1. Write out the homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous genotypes.
2. What is the phenotype for a Bb individual?
Law of Segregation• Before meiosis, the
original parent cell has 2 of every allele.
• During meiosis, the parent cell divides to form a gamete (sperm or eggs) which have only 1 of every allele.
e
h
E
H
E
h
e
H
E
H
e
h
E
h
e
H
E = brown eyes H = black hair
e = blue eyes h = red hair
Law of Independent Assortment
• The separation of one pair of alleles does not influence the separation of another pair of alleles.
Generation
• All the individuals and offspring born and living at the same time.
Do you have a widow’s peak?
Are your earlobes attached?
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