advancing open @ vanderbilt

Advancing Open @ Vanderbilt

Nick Shockey (@nshockey)Director of Programs & Engagement, SPARCDirector, Right to Research Coalition

Nicole Allen (@txtbks)Director of Open Education, SPARC

September 29, 2016

bit.ly/utsaopencase sensitive!

www.sparcopen.org

Access& Cost

www.sparcopen.org

“It’s possible to get anything I want, but it’s a much slower process.”

www.sparcopen.org

www.righttoresearch.org

Source: https://media.licdn.com/media/p/2/000/1d8/394/22adb67.pngwww.sparcopen.org

www.sparcopen.org

Average ISI-indexed journal price in Health Sciences:

Source: Library Journal 2016 Periodicals Pricing Survey“Fracking the Ecosystem | Periodicals Price Survey 2016,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library Journal, April 21, 2016: http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2016/04/publishing/fracking-the-ecosystem-periodicals-price-survey-2016/#_

www.sparcopen.org

Average ISI-indexed journal price in Health Sciences:

= $1,801

Source: Library Journal 2016 Periodicals Pricing Survey“Fracking the Ecosystem | Periodicals Price Survey 2016,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library Journal, April 21, 2016: http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2016/04/publishing/fracking-the-ecosystem-periodicals-price-survey-2016/#_

www.sparcopen.org

Average ISI-indexed journal price in Education:

= $978

Source: Library Journal 2016 Periodicals Pricing Survey“Fracking the Ecosystem | Periodicals Price Survey 2016,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library Journal, April 21, 2016: http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2016/04/publishing/fracking-the-ecosystem-periodicals-price-survey-2016/#_

www.sparcopen.org

Average journal price in Education:

= $855

Source: Library Journal 2016 Periodicals Pricing Survey“Fracking the Ecosystem | Periodicals Price Survey 2016,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library Journal, April 21, 2016: http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2016/04/publishing/fracking-the-ecosystem-periodicals-price-survey-2016/#_

2014

= $911

2015

= $978

2016

www.sparcopen.org

Average journal price in Education:

= $855

Source: Library Journal 2016 Periodicals Pricing Survey“Fracking the Ecosystem | Periodicals Price Survey 2016,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library Journal, April 21, 2016: http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2016/04/publishing/fracking-the-ecosystem-periodicals-price-survey-2016/#_

2014

= $911

2015

= $978

2016

+14%

Discipline Average Cost Per Title

Chemistry $5,105

Physics $4,508

Engineering $3,244

Biology $3,104

Food Science $2,729

Astronomy $2,718

Botany $2,418

Geology $2,400

Technology $2,239

Zoology $2,221Math & Computer Science $1,895

Health Sciences $1,801

General Science $1,717

Geography $1,713

Agriculture $1,687

Business & Economics $1,474

Discipline Average Cost Per Title

Military & Naval Science $1,063

Psychology $1,020

Sociology $1,004

Education $978

Social Sciences $907

Political Science $820

Library Science $774

Recreation $747

Anthropology $513

Law $475

History $434

Philosophy & Religion $433

Arts & Architecture $432

Language & Literature $379

Music $293

General Works $263

Source: Library Journal 2016 Periodicals Pricing Survey“Fracking the Ecosystem | Periodicals Price Survey 2016,” by Stephen Bosch and Kittie Henderson. Library Journal, April 21, 2016:

http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2016/04/publishing/fracking-the-ecosystem-periodicals-price-survey-2016/#_

ISI Indexes 2016 Cost By Discipline

Average:$1,788

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

-25%

25%

75%

125%

175%

225%

275%

325%

375%

425%

Graph 2 Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries, 1986-2011*

Source: ARL Statistics 2010-11 Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.*Includes electronic resources from 1999-2000 onward.

% C

hang

e Si

nce

1986

Serial Ex-penditures(+402%)

Monograph Ex-penditures(+71%)

Monographs Purchased (10%)

www.sparcopen.org

Source: Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, IPEDS Data Center. Academic Libraries Expenditures 2013-14. August 10, 2016. Distributed by the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics: Washington, DC, https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/Default.aspx.

www.sparcopen.org

Sum of “ongoing commitments to

subscriptions" FY2014

Number of academic libraries reporting in

FY2014

All US libraries reporting to IPEDS $2,149,706,794 2,964Association of Research Libraries Members (US only) $911,220,828 99

Average spend for ARL members (US only): $9,204,250.79

Average spend for all US academic libraries: $725,272.20

Walmart Exxon Mobil Starbucks Disney Google Pfizer Apple McDonald's Microsoft Springer (2012)

Elsevier (STM Publishing)

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

5.6%

8.6%

18.7%

23.6%25.0%

26.7%28.7% 29.0%

32.0%

34.9%37.2%

Operating Profit Margin: Elsevier v. Other Companies (2014)

Data SourcesWalmart: http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=WMT&region=USA&culture=en_US Exxon Mobil: https://www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Exxon-Mobil-Corp/Ratios/Profitability Starbucks: http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=SBUX&region=USA&culture=en_US Disney: http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=DIS&region=USA&culture=en_US Google: http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=GOOG&region=USA&culture=en_US Pfizer: http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=PFE&region=USA&culture=en_US Apple: https://www.stock-analysis-on.net/NASDAQ/Company/Apple-Inc/Ratios/Profitability McDonald’s: http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=MCD Microsoft: http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=MSFT&region=USA&culture=en_US Springer: http://static.springer.com/sgw/documents/1412702/application/pdf/Annual_Report_2012_01.pdfElsevier: http://www.relx.com/investorcentre/reports%202007/Documents/2014/relxgroup_ar_2014.pdf

www.sparcopen.org

Publishing obscure academic journals is that rare thing in the media industry:“a licence to print money.”

Source: The Economist, “Open Sesame,” April 14, 2012: http://www.economist.com/node/21552574www.sparcopen.org

http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1200

www.sparcopen.org

Source: Bohannon, John. Who’s Downloading Pirated Papers? Everyone. Science. April 2016. URL: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyonewww.sparcopen.org

Source: Bohannon, John. Who’s Downloading Pirated Papers? Everyone. Science. April 2016. URL: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyonewww.sparcopen.org

Source: Bohannon, John. The frustrated science student behind Sci-Hub. Science. April 2016. URL: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/alexandra-elbakyan-founded-sci-hub-thwart-journal-paywallswww.sparcopen.org

Free, immediate online access to scientific & scholarly articleswith full reuse rightsBudapest Open Access Initiative

www.sparcopen.org

Two paths to Open Access

Self-archiving

Open AccessJournals

www.sparcopen.org

1. Publish in an open-access journal

X 9,000

Source: Directory of Open Access Journals: www.doaj.orgwww.sparcopen.org

X 2,000

2. Publish (most) anywhere, deposit into an open-access repository

www.sparcopen.org

www.sparcopen.org

www.OpenDOAR.org

Source: www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/statistics.php?la=en&fIDnum=|&mode=simple

Visibility& Impact

www.sparcopen.org

Source: McKiernan, Erin; Bourne, Philip E.; Brown, C. Titus; Buck, Stuart; Kenall, Amye; Lin, Jennifer; McDougall, Damon; Nosek, Brian; Ram, Karthik; Soderberg, Courtney; R. Spies, Jeffrey; Thaney, Kaitlin; Updegrove, Andrew; Woo, Kara; Yarkoni, Tal (2016): How open science helps researchers succeed. Figshare. https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1619902.v7: URL: https://figshare.com/articles/The_open_research_value_proposition_How_sharing_can_help_researchers_succeed/1619902

www.sparcopen.org

<QUT citation advantage>

www.sparc.arl.orgSource: “OA Policy Development and Implementation at Queensland University of Technology,” Professor Tom Cochrane, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Delivered November 2012): http://www.berlin10.org/images/ws2cochrane.pdf

www.sparc.arl.orgSource: “OA Policy Development and Implementation at Queensland University of Technology,” Professor Tom Cochrane, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Delivered November 2012): http://www.berlin10.org/images/ws2cochrane.pdf

Moving toward open by default

www.sparcopen.org

Institutional Open Access Policies

270 Institutions in 45 countries Dat

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Research Funder Open Access Policies

115 Research Funders in 28 Countries Dat

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Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/02/22/expanding-public-access-results-federally-funded-researchwww.sparcopen.org

Source: White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/06/21/impact-report-100-examples-president-obamas-leadership-sciencewww.sparcopen.org

Source: https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/779/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22fair+access+science%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=1www.sparcopen.org

“Taxpayers fund $5 billion a year in cancer research every year, but once it’s published, nearly all of that taxpayer-funded research sits behind walls. Tell me how this is moving the process along more rapidly.”

- Vice President Joe Biden: April 21, 2016Source: https://medium.com/cancer-moonshot/here-s-what-the-vice-president-said-to-the-largest-convening-of-cancer-researchers-in-the-country-3007bb196dbd#.m1b0p3408www.sparcopen.org

Source: https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/06/27/hillary-clintons-initiative-on-technology-innovation/www.sparcopen.org

www.sparcopen.org

A similar story for educational materials…

www.sparcopen.org

www.sparc.arl.org

2006-2016consumer price index

Average Estimated Undergraduate Budgets, 2014-15

Source: College Board

Books & Supplies = $1,249

DONE READING?

GOOD

Market Failure

students are captives, not consumers

Market Failure

5 major publishers hold nearly 90% of the

market

Source: Turning the Page by James Koch

Market Failure

Source: NACS.org

???

2 in 3Students say they decided against buying a textbook because the cost

is too high

Source: Student PIRGs

1 in 2Students say they have at some

point taken fewer courses due to the cost of textbooks

Source: Florida Virtual Campus

<1 in 2Students purchase a current

edition of their textbook

Source: Book Industry Study Group

we can do better.

OPEN EDUCATIONALRESOURCESwww.sparcopen.org

OPEN EDUCATIONALRESOURCES

OPEN EDUCATIONALRESOURCES

Hewlett Foundation Definition:“OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or are released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and repurposing by others”

www.sparcopen.org

OPEN EDUCATIONALRESOURCES

OPEN EDUCATIONALRESOURCES

OPEN EDUCATIONALRESOURCESFree + Reuse Rights

• Retain• Reuse• Revise• Remix• Redistribute

“some rights reserved”www.creativecommons.org

most open

least open

OER

ocw.mit.edu

openstaxcollege.org

open.umn.edu

Using OER in 1 course per year could save US students

$1.42 billion

Source: http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/sp/open-textbooks-billion-dollar-solution

• Higher or equivalent grades• Higher average credit load• Higher or equivalent completion

rates

I wanted my students to gain hands on experience managing a project… So I asked my students to engage in a very large scale revise / remix project.” - @opencontent

skillscommons.org

www.sparc.arl.org

www.sparc.arl.org

Putting open into action

www.sparcopen.org

Consider adopting OERwhen possible

www.sparcopen.org

open.umn.edu

Make your own work open

www.sparcopen.org

Award winning statistics text

Institutional Repository

Source: http://library.ttu.edu/about/collections/localdigital/www.sparcopen.org

Institutional Policy

www.sparcopen.org

Institutional Open Access Policies

270 Institutions in 45 countries Data

from

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.epr

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.org

. Acc

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Source: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/11/02/editors-and-editorial-board-quit-top-linguistics-journal-protest-subscription-fees

Promotion & Tenure

www.sparcopen.org

Source: https://archives.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/2450/10296/Chief%20Academic%20Officer%27s%20Guidelines%20for%20Preparing%20and%20Reviewing%20Promotion%20and%20Tenure%20Dossiers.pdf?sequence=1www.sparcopen.org

opencon2016.org

Nick Shockeynick@sparcopen.org

@nshockey

Nicole Allennicole@sparcopen.org

@txtbks

www.sparcopen.org