activity 23_phylum echinoderm at a
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Activity 23: Activity 23: Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICSGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
exclusively marineexclusively marinemostly mobile, slow-moving bottom mostly mobile, slow-moving bottom
dwellersdwellersCoelom subdivided into:Coelom subdivided into:
Perivisceral cavityPerivisceral cavityCavity of the ambulacral (hydrovascular) Cavity of the ambulacral (hydrovascular)
systemsystem
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICSGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Most exhibit pentamerous radial symmetryMost exhibit pentamerous radial symmetryOral surface contains the mouthOral surface contains the mouthAboral region indicates the side away or Aboral region indicates the side away or
opposite the mouthopposite the mouth (+) CaCO3 dermal endoskeleton(+) CaCO3 dermal endoskeleton
(+) thin epidermis or(+) thin epidermis or (+) embedded in a thick, tough body wall(+) embedded in a thick, tough body wallProject spines and tuberclesProject spines and tubercles
TAXONOMYTAXONOMY
SUBPHYLUM ASTEROZOASUBPHYLUM ASTEROZOAClass AsteroideaClass AsteroideaClass OphiroideaClass Ophiroidea
SUBPHYLUM ECHINOZOASUBPHYLUM ECHINOZOAClass EchinoideaClass EchinoideaClass HolothuroideaClass Holothuroidea
SUBPHYLUM CRINOZOASUBPHYLUM CRINOZOAClass CrinoideaClass Crinoidea
SUBPHYLUM ASTEROZOASUBPHYLUM ASTEROZOAClass AsteroideaClass AsteroideaClass OphiroideaClass Ophiroidea
SUBPHYLUM ECHINOZOASUBPHYLUM ECHINOZOAClass EchinoideaClass EchinoideaClass HolothuroideaClass Holothuroidea
SUBPHYLUM CRINOZOASUBPHYLUM CRINOZOAClass CrinoideaClass Crinoidea
SUBPHYLUM ASTEROZOASUBPHYLUM ASTEROZOA
Includes radially symmetrical, flattened Includes radially symmetrical, flattened echinodermsechinoderms
Mostly star-shapedMostly star-shapedNever stalked or attached to substratumNever stalked or attached to substratumBody made up of central disk with radiall Body made up of central disk with radiall
arranged armsarranged armsMouth centrally located at oral side of the Mouth centrally located at oral side of the
bodybody
Class AsteroideaClass Asteroidea
Sea stars or star fishesSea stars or star fishesTypically pentamerousTypically pentamerous (+) ambulacral grooves on the oral side(+) ambulacral grooves on the oral side
With tube feet that have suckersWith tube feet that have suckersAnus and madreporite on the aboral sideAnus and madreporite on the aboral sideMany Many pedicellariaepedicellariae present in many of the present in many of the
speciesspecies
Starfish AnatomyStarfish AnatomyORAL SIDETube feet are visible
Dissection of Asterias rubens 1 - Ambulacral ossicles and ampullae. 2 - Madreporite. 3 - Stone canal. 4 - Pyloric caecae. 5 - Rectal glands. 6 - Gonads.
Aboral side oral side
Asterias – Asterias – Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;
Class AsteriodeaClass Asteriodea
A. rubensaboral surface
A. rubens feeding on mussel
Linckia – Linckia – Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;
Class Asteriodea Class Asteriodea
L. laevigata
L. columbiae
L. multifloraL. multiflora
Protoreaster – Protoreaster – Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;
Class Asteriodea Class Asteriodea
Culcita (cushion star) – Culcita (cushion star) – Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;
Class AsteriodeaClass AsteriodeaCulcita novaguineae Culcita novaguineae
Culcita novaguineae
Class OphiuroideaClass Ophiuroidea
Basket stars and brittle starsBasket stars and brittle stars Typically pentamerousTypically pentamerous With elongated and movable arms sharpl With elongated and movable arms sharpl
marked off from the central diskmarked off from the central disk Anbulacral grooves are closed and covered by Anbulacral grooves are closed and covered by
ossiclesossicles Tube feet devoid of suckersTube feet devoid of suckers (-) anus(-) anus (+) madreporite on the oral side(+) madreporite on the oral side
Gorgonocephalus (Basket star) – Gorgonocephalus (Basket star) –
Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;Class OphioroideaClass Ophioroidea
G. chilensisG. chilensis
Ophioplocus – Ophioplocus – Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;
Class OphioroideaClass Ophioroidea
O. esmarkiEsmark’s brittle starO. esmarkiEsmark’s brittle star
Ophiocoma – Ophiocoma – Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;
Class OphioroideaClass Ophioroidea
O. paucigranulata Ophiocoma erinaceus
Ophioderma – Ophioderma – Subphylum Asterozoa;Subphylum Asterozoa;
Class OphioroideaClass Ophioroidea
Ophioderma longicaudum
O. rubicundum O. rubicundum
SUBPHYLUM ECHINOZOASUBPHYLUM ECHINOZOA
Includes globoid, discoid, more or less Includes globoid, discoid, more or less cylindrical echinoderms without arms. cylindrical echinoderms without arms.
(+) tube feet with suckers(+) tube feet with suckersRestricted to the compact bodyRestricted to the compact body
Never stalked or attached to any Never stalked or attached to any substratumsubstratum
Diadema (sea urchin) – Diadema (sea urchin) – Subphylum Echinozoa;Subphylum Echinozoa;
Class EchinoideaClass Echinoidea
Echinocardium (heart urchin) – Echinocardium (heart urchin) – Subphylum Echinozoa;Subphylum Echinozoa;
Class EchinoideaClass EchinoideaE. cordatum
E. cordatum
Laganum (sea biscuit) – Laganum (sea biscuit) – Subphylum Echinozoa;Subphylum Echinozoa;
Class EchinoideaClass Echinoidea
L. depressumL. depressum
L. depressumLateral viewL. depressumLateral view
L. retinensL. retinens
Arachnioides (true sand dollar) – Arachnioides (true sand dollar) –
Subphylum Echinozoa;Subphylum Echinozoa;Class EchinoideaClass Echinoidea
A. placenta
A. placentaA. placenta
The end.The end.
Thank you.Thank you.
The end.The end.
Thank you.Thank you.
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