no!school!–!! springbreak! · name%_____% % % invertebratecheat!sheet! phylum! class!...
TRANSCRIPT
Date Monday 3/24 Tuesday 3/25 Wednesday 3/26 Thursday 3/27 Friday 3/28 Homework Due
-‐Bill Nye Movie and Questions -‐Echinoderms Video and Questions
-‐Cephalopod and Gastropod videos and questions
-‐Filter Feeders video and questions
In Class Activities
No School – Spring Break
Welcome back! -‐Marine Invertebrate refresh -‐Science Writing Practice
-‐Go over HW -‐Label Sea Star -‐Sea Star website + adaptation chart -‐Virtual Urchin
-‐Go over HW -‐Compare anatomy of squid and snail -‐Intelligence of Octopus video -‐Jet propulsion/ balloon race -‐Radula matching game
-‐Practice quiz -‐Bivalve anatomy, compare to other mollusks -‐How clams dig in the mud -‐Nematocysts -‐Suspension feeders/game
Homework Assigned
-‐Bill Nye Movie and Questions -‐Echinoderms Video and Questions
-‐Cephalopod and Gastropod videos and questions
-‐Filter Feeders video and questions
-‐Read and take notes p. 335 – 339 in textbook
Name _____________________________________________________ Invertebrate Cheat Sheet Phylum Class Characteristics Cnidaria
Echinoderm
Porifera
Mollusk
Gastropod
Bivalve
Cephalopod
Arthropod
Crustaceans
Name _______________________________________________________ Check out the graph that shows how the number of nests of Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles on Texas beaches changes over the years.
You will now read 3 summaries of this graph. Please identify the BEST summary. 1. This graph shows that the number of nests of Kemp’s Ridley Turtles changes a lot. It started high and then dropped down very low for a long time. At the end of the graph, we can see the line is moving up, so the turtle population is increasing at the end. 2. This graph shows how the number of Kemp’s Ridley Turtle nests changes from 1947 – 2010. The nest number dropped significantly from 40,000 nests down to 0 nests from 1946 to 1978. Numbers of nests remained low, around 1,000 nests, until 1994, when the population of nests began to increase. In 2000 it rose to over 5,000 nests and peaked at just over 20,000 nests in 2009. In the last year of the study, the nests dropped to below 15,000. Overall, after an initial, substantial drop in population, the number of Kemp’s Ridley Turtle nests gradually increased from 1978 – 2010. 3. This graph shows the number Kemp’s Ridley Turtle nests on beaches in Texas in different years. By comparing the number of nests each year, scientists can see what are good years and bad years for the turtles. Good years were 1947 and anything after 2000, because nest numbers were above 20,000. Bad years were 1979 – 1994, because turtle nest populations were below 5,000
Good Qualities of Science Summaries
Now it is your turn. Write a summary for the graph below that describes how Sea Otter Populations change in Monterrey Bay in California.
Name _______________________________________________________
Bill Nye Invertebrate Movie 1. Why is there an advantage to not having a backbone for invertebrates? 2. Why do many large invertebrates live in the sea rather than on the land? 3. How do crabs grow? 4. Why can invertebrates regrow limbs? 5. What kind of crab is Bill holding? (HINT: we learned about this type in the fall!) 6. How does our nervous system work? 7. Describe the nerve net in the jellyfish. How is it different from our nervous system? 8. Is there an exception to the invertebrate–no-‐brain-‐rule? 9. Describe the reproductive strategy of the Ascaris Worm. How is might this be an adaptation?
Echinoderms Movie
1. What does “Echinoderm” mean? _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the four types of Echinoderms? 3. Describe the 5-‐part symmetry of echinoderms. 4. Give a basic description of the skeleton of a sea star. 5. If Urchins do not have eyes, how do they know where to go? 6. How many teeth do urchins have? ____________________ 7. Why is it bad for the kelp forest to have an over abundance of urchins? 8. Where in the ocean are sea cucumbers found? _________________________________________________________________ 9. What do sea cucumbers eat? 10. Where are sea star gills found? _________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Very generally, how do the tube feet work? 12. What is the purpose of the light-‐sensing organ on a sea star ray? 13. Very generally, how do sea stars eat?
Part II. Urchins! Go to the “Virtual Urchin Website” (http://virtualurchin.stanford.edu/) and select the “Urchin Anatomy” image. 1. Explore the Urchin anatomy. How is it similar and how is it different from sea star anatomy? Fill in the chart below. Only in Sea Stars – also explain
the function Only in Sea Urchins – also explain
the function In both
2. When you are done, take the quiz!
3. Now, return to the home page and click on the “Predator & Prey” image. Fill in the chart based on the information in website. Predator Prey Neither
Part III. Invertebrates in water! 1. Go to the back counter and meet the balloon invertebrates in the tank. Observe them in the water first and then take them out of the water. What happens? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Based on this demo and the video last night, explain why can invertebrates only grow to large sizes in the water and not on the land. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Name ______________________________________________________
Mollusks: Cephalopods and Gastropods
Video #1 Cephalopod Color Change 1. What tricks to cephalopods have to help them camouflage? 2. How do cephalopods change color? 3. Why is camouflage the main protection for cephalopods? 4. What are the three patterns of color found on cephalopods? Video #2 Cephalopod Evolution 1. What is a radula? 2. How does jet propulsion work in cephalopods? 3. What is the mantle? What does it do? 4. Why do they call the Nautilus the “original jaws?” 5. Where is the radula found?
6. How did squid evolve to swim faster? 7. Where is the shell in a squid? What does it do? 8. Describe the nervous system of the squid. 9. How many hearts do cephalopods have? Video #3 Gastropod Introduction 1. Why don’t aquatic snails have to come up to the surface to breathe? 2. How does the limpet survive above the water level? What does the limpet eat when the tide comes back in? 3. What do mud snails eat? How do you think their radula compares with periwinkle snails who eat algae? 4. What do all gastropods have in common? 5. Describe the gastropod shell. Do all gastropods have a shell?
Name _________________________________________________________ Part I. Cephalopod Jet Propulsion Cephalopods use jet propulsion to move themselves along. They draw water in through the collar and into the mantle cavity. Then, the muscular walls of the mantle contract and force the water out through the siphon. The siphon is very flexible and can steer the cephalopod in any direction. The force of the water is increased when the mantle contracts, making the volume of the mantle cavity smaller. When volume decreases, pressure increases and this forces the water out.
1. Fill your balloon about ¼ of the way with air. DO NOT TIE IT, JUST HOLD DOWN ON THE END. When you squeeze a balloon, what do you notice about the pressure of air inside the balloon? Explain how this shows how volume and pressure are related. 2. Now we will have a contest. Fill your balloon with air and then release the nozzle. How far does your balloon fly from where you released it? 3. How does this mimic the way that cephalopods use jet propulsion?
Part II. Radula Both gastropods and cephalopods have a radula to that enables them to eat. A radula is a tongue like structure covered with teeth (much like a chainsaw). The mollusk uses the radula to scrape at its food and turn it into smaller pieces so that it can swallow its food. The shape of the radula and the shape of the teeth on the radula vary depending on what each mollusk eats. Gastropods predominately use their radula to scrape away at their food, while cephalopods have a beak and a radula. The beak takes big bites out of their food and the radula further shreds the food so that the cephalopod can swallow it. 1. Take a look at the featured mollusks and radula on the table. 2. Try to match up the radula with the proper mollusk based on what the mollusk eats and the shape of the radula. Answers are in the envelope. 3. When you are done, fill in the chart below. What do you notice about the different types of radula that you saw? Radula Type Observations Herbivorous
Carnivore
Omnivore
Part III. Comparative Anatomy. Circle the structures that the squid (Cephalopod) and snail (Gastropod) have in common. Then make a list of the different structures in the chart below. Squid: Snail:
Only in Squid Only in Snail
Part IV. Smart Octopus How did the video show the intelligence of an octopus? Gastropod means: Key features of Gastropods are: Cephalopod means: Key features of Cephalopods are:
Name _________________________________________________
Porifera and Cnidaria 1. What were cnidarians first classified as? Why? 2. Cnidarians were the first life forms to have/do… (The movie will mention several things; keep coming back to this question!) 3. What do the tiny hairs inside an anemone do? 4. How do anemones control their movement? 5. What are nematocysts? Describe their function and how they help cnidarians capture food. 6. Describe the moon jelly life cycle (Define POLYP and MEDUSA as you go). 7. What do corals eat? 8. What do coral polyps build?
9. Why can sponges grow so far down in the sea? 10. What do sponges eat? 11. What was the analogy used to describe the sponges? Why is this accurate? Filter Feeders and Suspension Feeders:
Suspension feeders actively capture food particles from the water, which travel in close proximity, by using (stinging) tentacles (examples: corals, anemones, jellyfish).
Here the jelly fish catches a copepod with the nematocysts on its tentacles. Then the tentacles wrap around the prey and corkscrew in towards the body of the jellyfish. This brings the prey item into the jellyfish’s mouth.
Filter feeders actively filter dissolved and suspended matter froHm the water by pumping water through filtration structures, (examples: bivalves and sponges).
Sponges pull water into their central cavity through pores on the outside of their walls. The sponge then filters out bits of “marine snow” – plankton, dead things, and waste from other organisms.
Bivalves pull water and plankton into their bodies through the “in-‐current siphon.” The water and plankton then pass over the gills of the bivalve, where bits of food get stuck. The water flows out through the “ex-‐current siphon” and the food remains behind to be digested
Name _______________________________________________
Filter/Suspension Feeders: Cnidarians, Poriferans, Bivalves
Part I. Bivalves Mollusks that are bivalves have shells consisting of two halves, or valves. The valves are joined at the top, and the adductor muscles on each side hold the shell closed. If the adductor muscles are relaxed, the shell is pulled open by ligaments located on each side of the umbo.
Compare the anatomy of the bivalve to the anatomy of the cephalopod and gastropod.
1. What structures are unique to the bivalve?
2. What structures do the cephalopod/gastropod have that the bivalve does not?
3. What structures do all mollusks have?
The clam's foot is used to dig down into the sand, and a pair of long siphons that extrude from the clam’s mantle out the side of the shell reach up to the water above (only the exit points for the siphons are shown).
Part II. Cnidarians and stinging What are nematocysts? What types of organisms have them? What do they do?
Part III. Filter Feeding in Bivalves and Sponges 1. What is filter feeding? 2. How do sponges filter feed? 3. How do bivalves filter feed?
Part IV. Suspension Feeding – Cnidarians!
1. Identify the images above and then label them as “medusa” or “polyp” 2. What are suspension feeders? How are they different from filter feeders?
Now it is time to play the Suspension Feeder Game!!!
Name ___________________________________________________ Echinoderms: Sea Star, Sea Urchin, or Both 1. Five teeth (Aristotle’s Lantern) 2. Five or more rays 3. A solid skeleton called a test 4. Spins on its external surface 5. The ability to push its stomach out of its body to digest its food 6. Large gonads 7. Sensory tube feet 8. Water vascular system 9. The ability to regenerate a lost limb 10. Tube feet Mollusks: Cephalopods, Gastropods, or Both 1. Radula 2. Single, muscular foot 3. Mantle 4. Single piece, external shell 5. Large brain 6. Ability to camouflage – change color and skin texture 7. Jet propulsion 8. Antennae to sense their surroundings 9. Ability to swim 10. Soft body