activity 1.e.4: proffessional training and specialist knowledge-gaining training on off-season...
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Activity 1.E.4: Proffessional training and specialist knowledge-gaining
Training on off-season vegetable and seedling production techniques and technologies
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Method of raising and transplanting plants
Direct seeding Seedling production
• Pricking out seedlings
• Direct seeding into pots
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Direct seeding
The seeds will be seeded directly on the field
Field has to be prepared
Seeding in line
The distance between the seeds depends on the types of vegetable
3-4 weeks longer until the harvest
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Seedling production
The benefit of a seedling production:
To optimize the up growth of he seedling
Homogeneous growth
Saving of space
The time from planting until harvest is much shorter than time from drilling until the harvest
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Pricking out seedlings
First the seeds will be seeded in boxes for the plant cultivation After 10 -14 days, the seedlings will be pricking out into pots Selection of homogeneous plants The time of plant cultivation depends on the time of the year
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Direct seeding into pots
Different types of peat bales
Speedy Different
Pot systems
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planting in spring
Start to plant or to seed out in the open land depends on the weather and the temperature
Possible in the middle of March
Field should be dry enough
After planting, the plants should be watered
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Technique for planting
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Possible vegetable crops
Different kinds of lettuce• From the beginning of March
Cauliflower• From the middle of March
Kohlrabi• From the beginning of March
Fennel• From the middle of March
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Protecting the plants
Against cold temperatures at the beginning of spring
Using foil or fleece Both together
benefit: • Faster growth • Earlier harvest (or
longer in autumn) • Less damage due to
cold temperature• guaranteed yield and
increased quality• Less insects
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Possibilities of using foil and fleece
Mulching sheet
Flat film with foil or fleece
Mini-tunnel for bed Low tunnel
High tunnel (walkable)
Foil greenhouse (single or venlo type)
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Working with foil and fleece
Using one foil or fleece
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Working with foil and fleece
Using two foils or fleeces
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Mulching sheet
an other possibility to use foil
Protects the plants from weed
Soil get earlier warm in Spring
Longer water holding capacity
Higher quality of the crops especially in lettuce
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Rotation of crops
It is important for the health of the plants
not the same crops from the same family one after the other
If it is possible change crop every year
Crop waiting time• Cabbage: 3 years• Onion: 5 years• Carrots 5 years
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Cauliflower
Planting: beginning of March until July
Harvest from May until oktober
Just every 2 to 4 years on the same field (rotation of crops)
2 crops are possible
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Cauliflower
Needs a lot of nutrients• 300 kg N/ ha (0-60 cm)• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/
ha by planting
Harvest residues: 30 dt/ha dry-matter• 140-180 kg N
Mechanical weed control 2 or 3 times
Protect flower by buckling the leaves
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Kohlrabi
Planting: March until July
Harvest from beginning of May until October
Because of the short growth stage a good preceding and catch crops
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Kohlrabi
Needs also a lot of nutrients• 230 kg N/ ha (0-60 cm)• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/
ha by planting
Harvest residues: 10 dt/ha dry-matter• 50 kg N
Taking free from weeds
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Lettuce
Planting: beginning of March until beginning of September
Nearly the hole year possible
Harvest from May until October
Prefers crops with a lot of nutrient as preceding crops
Doesn‘t like itself as preceding crop
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Lettuce
nutrients• 130 kg N/ ha (0-30 cm)• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/ ha
by planting
Harvest residues: 5 dt/ha dry-matter• 25 kg N
Taking free from weeds • Hacking 2 to 3 times
mechanically
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Lamb‘s lettuce
Planting or sowing
August until September
Also possible in winter with foil or in a foil tunnel
Harvest from May until October
Doesn’t like fields with a lot of weeds
Doesn‘t like himself as preceding crop
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Lamb‘s lettuce
Low level of nutrients• 85 kg N/ ha (0-30 cm)
• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/ ha by planting
Harvest residues: insignificant
Taking free from weeds
Harvest: the whole plant
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Tomatoes
Hard Young plants Grafted plants Varieties
• Cherry-Types• Plum tomatoes
Resistances• Korkroots• Clavibacter
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Cucumbers
Mini, Mid types Grafting
• Strong• Fast• More Expensive• Less Pests
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Peppers, Sweet Peppers, Chilis
Big amount of Varieties Big amount of Possibilities Is there a market for Bell pepper?
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Greenhouses, simple Tunnelsystem
Tunnel systems Cheap Movable Simple Venting systems Basic production
Lettuces, Radish
Spinach, …
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Improved Tunnel-Blocktypes
High constructions Good for mechanising Tomato, Cucumber, Peppers The more air above the head,
the better the climate Side and roof venting
systems Strong constructions
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Glas- and Venlo types
Venlo Hydro ponics Heating CO2 Energy screens Computers
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