active engagement using classroom response systems - csu pueblo - jeff loats
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NameSchoolDepartment
ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT USING CLASSROOM RESPONSE SYSTEMS@ CSU PUEBLO FACULTY DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
DR. JEFF LOATSDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
THE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGE
2
“The challenge is not simply to incorporate learning technologies into current institutional approaches, but rather to change our fundamental views about effective teaching and learning and to use technology to do so.” (Higher Education in an Era of Digital Competition, Donald E. Hanna)
GUIDING PRINCIPLES3
Technology is not an educational panacea
Seek tools that offer new approaches
As always, let evidence guide our attention
OVERVIEW4
1. Motivation for change
2. Peer Instruction
3. Technology options
4. Question types
5. Practice writing questions
6. Evidence for effectiveness
7. Summaries
5
In (roughly) what area do you teach?
A) Humanities
B) Natural sciences & mathematics
C) Professions & applied sciences
D)Social sciences
E) Teacher education
6
Are you currently using clickers or another classroom response system in your courses?
A) I have never used them.
B) I have used them before, but don’t currently.
C) I use them currently in at least one class.
7PHYSICS EDUCATION REVOLUTIONEric Mazur, Physicist at Harvard:
8“ALL SIMILARLY (IN)EFFECTIVE…”
9
University of Washington
University of Colorado
University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign
FEEDBACK THAT WORKS10
“Improvement of performance is actually a function of two perceptual processes. The individual’s perception of the standards of performance, and her/his perception of his/her own performance.” The Feedback Fallacy – Steve Falkenberg (via Linda Nilson)
TECHNOLOGIES VS. TECHNIQUES
11
Clickers
Colored cards
Hands
Virtual response tools
Peer Instruction
Factual recall
Polling/survey
Poll-Teach-Poll
Thought Questions
Teach-Test-Retest
… adding metacognition
MAZUR’S PERSONAL REVOLUTION
12
(added) Pre-class reading, enforced
(removed) Most sample problems
(removed) Derivations
(modified) Lecture broken up into small bites
(added) Depth over coverage
(added) Concept Tests with Peer Instruction
PEER INSTRUCTION13
Multiple choice questions–Conceptual–Hard
1. Students answer Individually
2. Discussion with peers
3. Students answer post-discussion
4. Class-wide discussion
Students have developed a robot dog and a robot cat, both of which can run at 8 mph and walk at 4 mph.
A the end of the term, there is a race!
The robot cat must run for half of its racing time, then walk.
The robot dog must run for half the racing distance, then walk.
Which one wins the race?
A) Robot cat B) Robot dog C) They tie
14
15
MAZUR AFTER 1 YEAR
16
ELSEWHERE?
WHY CLICKERS?17
Alternatives:–Hand raising–Numbered/colored cards
Anonymity + secrecy honesty
Inclusive
Fast
Credit for learning
STILL CLICKERS?18
Hardware clickers are (basically) obsolete
Good options:• PollEverywhere• Top Hat Monocle• Learning Catalytics
TECHNOLOGIES VS. TECHNIQUES
19
Clickers
Colored cards
Hands
Virtual response tools
Peer Instruction
Factual recall
Polling/survey
Poll-Teach-Poll
Thought Questions
Teach-Test-Retest
… adding metacognition
FACTUAL RECALL20
Rated poorly by students
Usually requires high stakes
Good uses: Reading quiz or diagnostic?
What is the correct expression for the area of a circle?
A) e ∙ r
B) e ∙ r2
C) π ∙ d
D) π ∙ r2
E) π ∙ r
21
POLLING/SURVEY22
Share without risk
Comparison statistics
Controversial topics are engaging
Do you feel you were treated fairly at all
levels of review when you had your most recent professional review (renewal, tenure, promotion, etc.)?
A)Yes
B)No
First: Women only Second: Men only
23
How large of an effect does bias have in the social sciences? [Measurement was of faculty responsiveness to prospective student emails.]
A)Women/minorities do worse by ~11%)
B)Women/minorities do worse by ~3%
C)No difference across gender/ethnicities
D)Caucasian males do worse by ~3%
E)Caucasian males do worse by ~11%
24
POLL-TEACH-POLL25
1. Poll but don’t show results
2. Teach
3. Poll again (explore shifts in attitude)
Peer sharing for added metacognition
Insightful results for instructor
Which best describes your feelings about female circumcision/female genital mutilation?
A)I am writing letters to the WHO to protest.
B)To each their own… we shouldn’t interfere with another culture.
C)What is the big deal… males around the world are circumcised.
D)I don’t know anything about it.
26
THOUGHT QUESTIONS27
• Choose a relevant open-ended question.
• Small group discussion• Presentation & defense by a single
group• Class votes: Agree/Disagree/Don’t
know• If threshold isn’t met… next group
presents!
Repeat until majority agrees
Created by Teresa Foley & Pei-San Tai from the CU Integrative Physiology Department
Endocrinology:
What would you predict would happen to the ovulatory frequency if one ovary were removed?
Immunology:
Given that all blood cell types derive from the pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell, why are there so many different types of cells in the immune system?
28
TEACH-TEST-RETEST29
Skill focused questions
Diagnostic and formative assessment
Repeated testing beats repeated studying!
ADDING METACOGNITION30
“… and I can explain why”“… but I don’t know why”
Good for two-choice questions
Adds to formative assessment value
GOOD QUESTIONS31
WRITE A QUESTION AND SHARE...
32
Imagine an introductory course and a topic early in that course.
Write a question, then share
Peer Instruction
Factual recall (add metacognition?)
Polling/survey
Poll-Teach-Poll
Thought Questions
Teach-Test-Retest
THE EVIDENCE STANDARD33
Quick/easy attendance in large class sizes.
Provides anonymity (Banks, 2006).
Every student participates (Banks, 2006).
Encourages active learning (Martyn, 2007).
THE EVIDENCE STANDARD34
Improved concentration (Hinde & Hunt, 2006)
Improved learning and retention (Moreau, 2010).
Improved exam scores (Poirier & Feldman, 2007)
Efficient use of class time (Anderson, et al. 2011).
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON CLICKERS315 students in 7 classes over 4 terms (roughly ±6%)
Rated on 5 point scale (strongly disagree to agree)The use of iClickers, and activities that used them have…
Agreed or Strongly Agreed
…helped me to stay more engaged in class than I would otherwise be.
93%
…helped me to learn the material better than I otherwise would
83%
…been worth the cost to buy them 78%
WHAT MIGHT STOP YOU?36
In terms of the technique:Time, coverage, not doing your part, pushback…
In terms of the technology:Learning curve, tech. failures, perfectionism…
In any reform of your teaching:Reinventing, no support, too much at once…
BEST PRACTICES37
Start small – 5 min of each hour of class
Sell it – Be explicit about why
Be consistent – Nearly every class
Engage students – Wait for explanation
Demonstrate value – Focus on wrong answers
Follow up – Assessments must change
Credit – 2%-15% for participation… mostly.
MY SUMMARY38
Classroom response systems can be integrated into most teaching styles and disciplines to good effect.
From an evidence-based perspective, classroom response systems addresses often-neglected areas.
As with all reforms, be prepared to find that students know less than we might hope.
YOUR SUMMARY39
For yourself… or to share?
What part of using a classroom response system is the fuzziest for you after this?
What is the biggest reason you thing trying a classroom response system might work well?
Contact Jeff: Jeff.Loats@gmail.comToday’s slides: www.slideshare.net/JeffLoats
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