4th international symposium on flood defence toronto, canada may 6, 2008
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4th International Symposium on Flood Defence Toronto, Canada
May 6, 2008
1997 Red River of the North Flood 10 Years Later
PRESENTATION SUMMARYPRESENTATION SUMMARY• IntroductionIntroduction
– Overview (Overview (Mike RyanMike Ryan))• GeographyGeography
– Living with the Red (Living with the Red (M. ClamenM. Clamen))• Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusions and Recommendations
• Accomplishment'sAccomplishment's– Improvements in Flood Forecasting (Improvements in Flood Forecasting (D. LunaD. Luna))
• Mitigation Mitigation (Structural/non-structural/Policy/Legislation changes)(Structural/non-structural/Policy/Legislation changes)– North of the BorderNorth of the Border
• Manitoba (Manitoba (D. McNeilD. McNeil))– South of the BorderSouth of the Border
• US Federal (US Federal (J. DeHarnaisJ. DeHarnais))• US StateUS State (D. Frink) (D. Frink)
• Summary Summary – What’s next? (What’s next? (M. RyanM. Ryan))
• QuestionsQuestions
Introduction - OverviewIntroduction - Overview
WHERE IS THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH?
FARGO/MOORHEAD
GRANDFORKS EAST GRAND FORKS
EMERSON
WINNIPEG
LAKE WINNIPEG
Introduction - Overview
Red River Basin Characteristics
Introduction - Overview
• Formed by glacial Lake Agassiz– Basin is characterized as glaciated plain with moraines, lakes,
wetlands, and lake plains
• Covers 45,000 mi2 (116,500 km2)– About 90% of area in US (40,000 mi2 or 103,600 km2)
• River meanders northward for 551 mi (887 km)– The river path is nearly double the straight-line distance
• Red River Floodplain– 60 mi wide (100 km)
at the widest point
Red River Basin Characteristics
Introduction - Overview
• Basin remarkably flat• Drops 229 ft (69 m) over
length• Average of 0.4 ft/mi
(0.08 m/km)
Daily flows– Maximum: 133,000 ft3/s (3,770 m3/s) April 26, 1997– Mean: 4,050 ft3/s (155 m3/s)– Minimum: 0.9 ft3/s (0.0255 m3/s) February 2, 1937
Red River Flow Characteristics
Introduction - Overview
FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN AN AVERAGE YEAR FOR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
% O
F A
NN
UA
L F
LO
W
05OC001 - RED RIVER AT EMERSON RECORDED
Prepared by Manitoba Water Stewardship
Red River Flooding in 1997
Introduction - Overview
Annual Maximum Peak Streamflow for Red River of Annual Maximum Peak Streamflow for Red River of the North at Grand Forks, NDthe North at Grand Forks, ND
Introduction - Overview
Red River Flooding in 1997
Red River Flooding in 1997What caused the flooding?
• Substantial precipitation in fall of 1996• Early freezing of saturated ground in fall of 1996• Snowfall 300% or more of normal
Fargo…..117 in (297 cm) Grand Forks…..98 in (249 cm) Winnipeg…..90 in (228 cm)
• Melt of Snow pack and thawing of ice began in late March• Melt inhibited by late-spring blizzard on April 5-6, 1997
Wind-driven rain and sleet Severe drop in temperatures Winds to 70 mph (133 kph) Up to 2 ft (0.6 m) of snow Wind and ice toppled trees and power lines – no power for days
Introduction - Overview
Red River Flooding in 1997Economic damages
• Physical Damage/Costs– Estimates of 2 to 3 Billion Dollars
Introduction - Overview
Introduction - Overview
Red River Flooding in 1997 Farms and Agricultural Lands Flooded
• Inundated Land– US
• 7,040 mi2 (18,200 km2)– Canada
• 1,700 mi2 (4,400 km2)
– Almost of 20% of basin inundated at some point
Red River Flooding in 1997 Transportation – Disrupted
BRIDGES UNDERWATER STREETS AND ROADS FLOODED
ROADS WASHED OUT
Introduction - Overview
Introduction - Overview
Red River Flooding in 1997Grand Forks flooded
Psychological Damage/Costs
• There are damages resulting from major floods for which a monetary value cannot be determined
• Often the psychological damages following a major flood are the most difficult to overcome and may remain long after the clean up and replacement effort
Red River Flooding in 1997Moving Forward
• IJC recognizing that flooding will continue to impact the Red River basin
• IJC recognizing the social/economic costs associated with flooding will continue to increase
• Developed “Living with the Red”• 7 Conclusions• 28 Recommendations
Introduction - Overview
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