24-10-2015nordens velfærdscenter1 metropolis conference azores september 13, 2011 migration and...

20-04-23 Nordens Velfærdscenter 1

Metropolis Conference Azores September 13, 2011

Migration and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groupsat The Labour Market

Björn HalvorsenNordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues

”The Nordic Way”

Well organised Working Life

Tripartite Cooperation

Active Labour Market Policy

Universal Social Security

Comprehensive Public Services

Taxation financed and Redistributive

Good Achievements

• Equality and an egaliterian societies

• High labour force participation and low unemployment

• Sustainable Economic Growth,

• Effectiveness and Competitiveness

• Stability and Predictability

• Transparency & Confidence

High labour force paricipation in the nordic countriesPer cent of all inhabitants 15/16- 64 year old

Country 2000 2008Denmark 76 % 78 %Finland 67 % 71 %Iceland .. 84 %Norway 76 % 78 %Sweden 74 % 76 %

Netherlands 73 % 76 %France 62 % 65 %Germany 65 ½ % 70 ½ %Spain app. 60 % 65 % UK 71 % 71 ½ % EU-15 63 ½ % 67 ½ % OECD 64 ½ % 66 ½ %

Source: Eurostat / OECD

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Unemployment differs substatially across countriesSource: OECD Employment Outlook 2009/2010

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Vulnerable groups at the labour market

Youngsters at risk during transition from school to work ” School dropouts” Young Disabled Immigrant Youngsters

Disabled persons (physically and mentally) Low labour force participation. BUT:

Many of them for sure want to work – and they can !

Seniors at risk for unintended early retirement How to stimulate – socially acceptable – to higher participation and higher

retirement age – for those who prefer so?

Immigrants

First and second generation (two immigrant parents)Africa Pakistan Iran Iraque etc

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Recessions not only hurt lots of people, but also take a long time to restore

Unemployment rates in Finland 1970-2005

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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1970M1 1975M1 1980M1 1985M1 1990M1 1995M1 2000M1 2005M1

4 years

3 years

14 years

18 years

3 years 1 year

Low employment rates among disabled persons Employment rates by disability status in the late-2000s (left axis) and trends in relative employment rates since the mid-1990s (right axis)

Source: OECD Sickness, Disability and Work – Synthesis Report 2010

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Labour force participation rates among youngsters 15-24 years old in the Nordic countries and EU-15

2000-2010

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High Unemployment rates among youngsters 15-24 years old in the nordic countries and EU-15

2000-2010

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1 of 3 nordic youngsters drops out of secondary school- but almost everybody starts up there -

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Main Strategies in the Nordic Countries:

”Jobs for everybody is job number 1”

Economic Policyaimed at balanced development in the short and long run

Monetary Policies. Fiscal Policies. Tripartite Cooperation

Active Labour Market PolicyIncome security. A wide range of Measures.

Quick and substantial expansions and reductions

Universal Social SecurityIn case of unemployment, sickness, pregnancy and child care,

disability, old age, death / survivors

Taylored Inclusion PoliciesAimed at vulnerable groups:

Youngsters. Disabled. Seniors. Refugees/Immigrants

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What about Programme Achievements?

Evaluations of Nordic Active Labour Market & Inclusion Programmes conclude that there are:

• Positive, but modest effects on employment at general

• Best effects of Taylored Programs for Vulnerable grups Immigrants/refugees. Persons with reduced work capacity. Disabled. Etc

• Types of Programmed with good “Job Effect”: - Introduction Programme (new immigrants) - “New Chance” ( exeprienced, vulnerable immigrants - On-the-Job Training and practice - Wage Subsidies & other employer supports - Mutual obligations and close following-up - Chaining of Measures

Labour Market Inclusion Strategiesaimed at Vulnerable Youngsters

• Early prevention of marginalisation, and intervention if necessary

•Tailored measures and individual following-up in addition to the universal measures and scheemes. Avoid school-dropouts!

• Individual ”rights-and-duties-regimes”. Personal coaching

• Coordination of service providers and stakeholders

• ”At-work-training” and Supported Employment

• Reduce Risks and invest in positive Economic Incentives for Employers

• Listen to the youngsters! Encourage hope and (self)confidence. Help to make dreams be realistic!

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Metropolis Conference Azores September 13, 2011

My Conclusion:

Labour Market Inclusion And Migration

Thank you!bjorn.halvorsen@nordicwelfare.org

www.nordicwelfare.org