2019 sk]v-xw ¿ hmeyw 46 e°w 6 no^v fun-‰¿ : hn.thwp-tkm-]m ... · 2018se a-lm-{]-f-b-tØm-...
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2018se a-lm-{]-f-b-tØm-
S-\p-_-‘n-®m-Wv a-Æn-Sn-®n-epw
D-cpƒ-s]m-´-epw tI-c-f-Øn¬
Ku-c-h-ap-≈ N¿-®-Iƒ-°v h-gn-
Xp-d-∂-Xv. A-Xn-\p-ap≥-]v D-cpƒ-
s]m-´¬ D-≠m-bn-´n-√ F-∂-√;
kw-ÿm-\ Zp-c-¥-\n-hm-c-W am-
t\-Pv-sa-‚n-s‚ I-W-°p-{]-Im-
cw 1961 \pw 2016\pw C-S-bn¬
85 D-cpƒ-s]m-́ -ep-I-fm-Wv D-≠m-
bn-´p-≈-Xv. F-∂m¬ I-gn-™
h¿-jw-am-{Xw sN-dp-Xpw h-ep-
Xp-am-bn 5000tØm-fw D-cpƒ-
s]m-́ -ep-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
A-Xn¬ 1196 F-Æw D-≠m-bn-
cn-°p-∂-Xv C-Sp-°n-bn-em-Wv.
I-h-f-∏m-d-bn-epw
]p-Øp-a-e-bn-epw kw-̀ -hn-®-Xv
a-e-I-fn-epw Ip-∂p-I-fn-epw
\-S-°p-∂ A-im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b
\n¿-Ωm-W {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw
]m-d-J-\-\-hp-am-Wv a-Æn-Sn-®n-en-
s‚-bpw D-cpƒ-s]m-´-en-s‚-bpw
Im-c-W-am-bn Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. H-∏w sh-≈-Øn-s‚
kzm-`m-hn-I-K-Xn X-S-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xpw sN-dn-b C-S-th-f-I-fn-ep-
≠m-Ip-∂ I-\-Ø a-g-bpw Im-
c-W-am-Ip-∂p. ta¬-∏-d-™ L-
S-I-ß-sf-√mw ]p-Øp-a-e-bn-epw
I-h-f-∏m-d-bn-epw H-cp-an-®v {]-
h¿-Øn-®p F-∂-X-m-Wv h-kv-Xp-
X.
D-cpƒ-s]m-´-en-\pw H-cm-gv-N
ap≥-]p-ap-X¬- I-\-Ø-a-g-bm-Wv
Cu ta-J-e-bn¬ tc-J-s∏-Sp-
Øn-b-Xv. B-K-Ãv 8 \v kw-
ÿm-\-Øv G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X¬
a-g tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv
\n-e-ºq-cnem-Wv. B-K-Ãv 1 aq-
X¬ 7 h-sc kw-ÿm-\-sØ
i-cm-i-cn a-g 117 an-√o-ao-‰¿ B-
sW-¶n¬ \n-e-ºq-cn¬ s]-bv-Xn-
d-ßn-b-Xv 180 an-√o-ao-‰-dm-Wv.
65% h¿-≤-\-hv.
C-¥y≥ Im-em-h-ÿm \n-
co-£-W h-Ip-∏n-s‚ dn-t∏m¿-´v
{]-Im-cw Pq-sse 17h-sc kw-
ÿm-\-Øv 30% a-g Ip-d-hm-bn-
cp-∂p. Pq-sse 17 ap-X¬ 24 h-
sc-bp-≈ H-cm-gv-N-°m-ew a-g-
bn¬ 131 i-X-am-\w h¿-[-\-hp-
≠m-bn. B-K-Ãv 7 ap-X¬ 14 h-
sc am-{Xw 384 i-X-am-\w h¿-
≤-\-hv D-≠m-bn. 24 a-Wn-°q-dn-
\p-≈n¬ 150 ap-X¬ 200 an-√-n-
ao-‰¿ h-sc a-g H-cp ÿ-e-Øv
s]-øp-∂-Xm-Wv A-Xn-Xo-{h-a-g-
bm-bn I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
2018˛¬ 92 A-Xn-Xo-{h-a-g-bpw
2019 B-K-Ãv h-sc-bp-≈ k-a-
bw-sIm-≠v \q-dn-\p-ta¬ A-Xn-
Xo-{h-a-g-bpw s]-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.
A-Xn-Xo-{h-a-g-bp-sS F-Æw h¿-
≤n-°p-tºm-gpw cm-Py-Øm-I-am-
\w 2% a-g-bp-sS Ip-d-hp-≈-Xm-
bpw Im-em-h-ÿm-\n-co-£-W-
h-Ip-∏v ]-d-bp-∂p.
I-h-f-∏m-d-bv-°pw ap-I-fn¬
ap-Ø-∏≥ Ip-∂n-em-Wv Zp-c-¥-
Øn-\v Im-c-W-am-b D-cpƒ-s]m-
´¬ Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. a-Æv s]m-´n-
b-S¿-∂v Xm-tg-bv-°v ]-Xn-®-Xn-
s‚ B-Lm-X-Øn¬ Zp¿-_-e-
am-bn In-S-∂ a-Æpw ]m-d-bpw
H-∂m-sI \n-c-ßn Xm-tg-bv-°v H-
gp-In-bm-Wv I-h-f-∏m-d-sb-bpw
]-cn-k-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-sf-bpw iv-a-
im-\-̀ q-an-bm-°n-b-Xv. ap-Ø-∏≥
Ip-∂n-\p-ta¬ a-Æn-\v I-„n-®v
c-≠p-ao-‰¿ L-\-ta-bp-≈q. {]-
tZ-i-Øv, ap-I-fn¬ \n-∂v Xm-tg-
bv-°v H-gp-In-bn-cp-∂ c-≠v- \o¿-
k -ao-]-Im-e tI-c-fw I-≠ G-‰-hpw h-en-b {]-Ir-Xn Zp-c-¥-am-Wv h-b-\m-´n¬]p-Øp-a-e-bn-epw a-e-∏p-d-Øv I-h-f-∏m-d-bn-epw I-h-f-∏m-d-bv-°v H-cp In-tem-ao-‰-
dn-\-∏p-dw ]m-Xm-dn-ep-ap-≠m-b-Xv. 2018 B-K-Ãn-ep-≠m-b a-lm-{]-f-b-Øn-s‚ B-Lm-X-Øn¬-\n-∂pw I-c-I-b-dp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºm-Wv a-Æn-Sn-®n-en-s‚-bpw D-cpƒ-s]m-
´-en-s‚-bpw cq-]-Øn¬ Zp-c-¥-sa-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. I-h-f-∏m-d-bn-epw ]p-Øp-a-e-bn-epw ar-X-tZ-l-߃ ap-gp-h-\pw ho-s≠-Sp-°m-\m--bn-´n-√. A-tº X-I¿-∂p-t]m-
b ]m-Xm-dn¬ {]-tZ-i-hm-kn-Iƒ k-a-tbm-Nn-X-am-bn C-S-s]-´v ap-∂-dn-bn-∏p \¬-In-b-Xp-sIm-≠v B-f-]m-b-ap-≠m-bn-√.
{]f-bm-\¥cw saUn-°¬ k¿-Δo-kv sk‚-¿ \ne-ºq-cn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® sa-Un-°¬ IymºvtUm.]n.F-kv._m_p, tUm.kp-tcjv, tUm.kp-I\y, tUm.\nJn-e apc-fn F-∂n-h¿ \-bn-°p∂p
Bh¿-Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ {]-Ir-Xn Zp-c-¥-ßfpw
Km-Uv-Kn¬ I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿´pw
tkmjy-enÃv bqWn‰n sk‚¿Hm v̂ C¥y (I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv)
kwÿm\ IΩn‰n apJ-]{Xw
2019 sk]v-Xw_¿ hmeyw 46 e°w 6 No^v FUn-‰¿ : hn.thWp-tKm-]m¬ t]Pv 16 hne 5.00 cq]
I-Sp-Ø h¿-Ko-b, {]m-tZ-in-
I-hm-Z i-‡n-I-fp-sS Xm-ev-]-
cym¿-∞w tI-{μ-K-h¨-sa‚pw
B-kmw K-h¨-sa‚pw tN¿-∂v
tZ-io-b ]u-c-Xz c-Pn-ÿ(F≥-
B¿-kn) F-∂ t]-cn¬ H-cp tc-
J-bp-≠m-°n A-Xp-h-gn ]-
sØm≥-]-Xv e-£-Øn-te-sd--
t∏sc ]u-c-Xz-Øn¬-\n-∂v ]p-
d-¥-≈n-b lo-\-]-≤-Xn- Kp-cp-X-
c-am-b B-i-¶bpf-hm-°p-∂-
XmWv. Pm-Xn, a-Xw, hw-iw, `m-
j F-∂n-h-bp-sS-sbm-s° A-
Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ P-\-ß-sf `n-
∂n-∏n-®v ap-X-em-fn-h¿-K-Øn-\v
i-‡n-]-I-cm-\pw A-h-cp-sS Nq-
j-W-hm-gv-N kp-K-a-am-°m-\p-ap-
≈ ^m-kn-Ãv \o-°-amWn-Xv.
\n-cm-ew-_-cpw \n- -lm-b-cp-am-
b Cu P-\-߃ k-ºq¿-W
\m-i-Øn-te-bv-°pw a-c-W-Øn-
te-bv-°pw F-Sp-sØ-dn-b-s∏-´n-
cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. h¿-j-ß-fm-bn
B- m-an¬ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂-h-cpw
b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬ C-¥y≥ ]u-
c-∑m-cp-am-b C-h-sc ap-gp-h≥
A-Sn-b-¥-c-am-bn c-Pn-Ã-dn¬
Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂v F-kv-bp-
kn-sF(I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv) P-\-d¬
sk-{I´-dn k-Jm-hv s{]m-hm-jv
tLm-jv sk-]v-Xw_¿ 3\v H-
cp {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bn-eq-sS K-h -̈
sa‚n-t\m-Sv B-h-iy-s∏-́ n-cp∂p.
C-Xn-\m-bn tI-{μ-̨ -kw-ÿ-m-\ K-
h¨-sa‚p-I-fn¬ k-Ω¿-±w
sN-ep-Øm≥-t]m-∂ i-‡-am-
sbm-cp tbm-Pn-® k-a-cw cm-Py-
Øm-sI h-f¿-Ønsb-Sp-°m-
\pw A-t±-lw P-\-ß-tfm-Spw
B-lzm-\w sN-bvXp. ap-X-em-fn-
h¿-K Xm-ev-]-cym¿-∞w k-am-\-
am-sbm-cp c-Pn-ÿ F-√m kw-
ÿm-\-ß-fn -epw \-S -∏n -em-
°m≥ B¿-F-kv-F-kv-˛-_n-sP-
]n K-h¨-sa‚n-\v Ip-Sn-tem-t±-
i-ap-≠v. C-Xn-\v X-S-bn-Sm-\m-bn
ap-t∂m-´v h-c-W-sa-∂pw cm-Py-
sØ P-\-ß-tfm-Sv A-t±-lw A-
`y-¿-∞n-®p.
Cu hn-j-b-Øn¬ sk-]v-
tZ-io-b ]u-c-Xz c-Pn-ÿ: A-Jn-te-¥ym {]-Xn-tj-[ Zn-\w BNcn®p
(tijw 2˛mw t]Pn¬)
Xw-_¿ 5 A-Jn-te-¥ym {]Xn-
-tj-[ Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-°m≥
F-kv-bp-kn-sF(I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv)
]m¿-´n B-lzm-\w sN-bv-Xn-cp-
∂p. _-‘-s∏-́ K-h -̈sa‚p-I-
sf- k-Ω¿-±-Øn-em-°m≥-t]m-
∂-hn-[w F-√m kw-ÿ-m-\-ß-
fn-epw h≥-tXm-Xn¬ Cu {]-
Xn-tj-[-Øn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°m-\m-
Wv cm-Py-sØ P-\-ß-tfm-Sv
]m¿-´n A-`y¿-∞n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
cm-Py-hym-]-I-am-bn \-S-∂
Cu {]-Xn-tj-[ ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬
kw-ÿ-m-\-Øn-s‚ hn-hn-[ `m-K-
ß-fn¬ {]-Xn-tj-[ {]-I-S-\-ß-
fpw tbm-K-ß-fpw \-S-∂p.
{]Xn-tj-[ Zn-\m-N-c-W-Øn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn sk]v-Xw_¿ 5\vXn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw \-K-c-Øn¬ \-S-∂ {]-IS\w
)
2 sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019
®m-ep-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C-
t∏mƒ A-Xn-√. ap-≥-Im-e-ß-
fn¬ sh-´n-\n¿-Øn-b a-c-Øn-
s‚ {Z-hn-® -X-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS sh-
≈w Xm-tg-bv-°n-d-ßn-b-Xv tkm-
bn¬ ss]-∏nw-Kn-\v Im-c-W-am-
bn. b-{¥-߃ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v d-
∫¿-Ir-jn-bv-°v Ip-gn-sb-Sp-°p-
I-Iq-Sn sN-bv-X-t∏mƒ a-Æn-\v
C-f-°-ap-≠m-Ip-I-bpw Cu Ip-
gn-I-fn-eq-sS a-g-sh-≈w a-Æn-
s‚ A-Sn-Ø-´n-te-bv-°v F-Øp-
I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. I-h-f-∏m-d-bv-
°v 5 In-tem-ao-‰¿ Np-‰-f-hn¬
{]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ 27 Izm-dn-I-
fn¬ \-S-°p-∂ \n-c-¥-c-am-b J-
\-\-Øn-s‚ {]-Xym-Lm-X-hpw
Iq-sS tN-cp-tºmƒ Nn-{Xw ]q¿-
W-am-Ip-∂p. I-\-Ø-a-g-bv-s°m-
∏w C-Xm-Wv I-h-f-∏m-d-bn¬
kw-`-hn-®-Xv F-∂m-Wv hn-Z-Kv-
≤¿ Nq-≠n-°m-´p-∂-Xv.
Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn s]-bv-X I-\-
Ø-a-g-X-s∂-bm-Wv ]p-Øp-a-e-
bn-epw Zp-c-¥w hn-X-®-Xv. \m-
ep-I-n-tem-ao-‰-tdm-fw Xm-sg-h-sc
\m-i-\-„-ß-fp-≠m-bn. C-hn-sS-
bpw kzm-̀ m-hn-I \o-scm-gp-°v X-
S- -s∏-́ n-cp-∂p. ]p-Øp-a-e-bn¬
C-Xn-\-Iw X-s∂ sN-dn-b D-cp-
ƒ-s]m-́ -ep-Iƒ \n-c-h-[n-bp-≠m-
bn-´p-≠v F-∂v Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂p. I-gn-™ {]-f-b-
Im-e-Øpw, Cu h¿-jw B-K-
Ãvv 8 \p ap-ºpw sN-dn-b D-cpƒ-
s]m-´-ep-Iƒ D-≠m-bn.
B-K-Ãvv 8\p-≠m-b A-Xn-Xo-
{h a-g-aq-ew, sN-dn-b sN-dn-b
D-cpƒ-s]m-´-ep-Iƒ-sIm-≠v kz-
X-th Zp¿-_-e-am-bn-cp-∂ {]-tZ-
iw A-S¿-∂v Xm-tg-bv-°v ]-Xn-
°p-I-bm-Wv D-≠m-b-Xv. a-c-
߃ sh-́ n-am-‰n sh-Sn-∏m-°n-bn-
cp-∂ ]p-Øp-a-e-bn¬ D-cp-fn-s\
{]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ bm-sXm-∂p-
ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. kzm-`m-hn-I
\o¿-®m-ep-Iƒ A-S-™p-t]m-bn-
cp-∂n-S-Øv D-cpƒ ]-c-s∂m-gp-In
In-tem-ao-‰-dp-I-tfm-fw \m-iw
hn-X-®p. a-Æn-\-Sn-bn¬ A-I-s∏-
´p-t]m-b ]-e-cp-sS-bpw ar-X-tZ-
l-߃ I-s≠-Sp-°m-\m-bn-́ n-√.
I-s≠-Sp-°-s∏-´-h-X-s∂ ]-e-
Xpw In-tem-ao-‰-dp-Iƒ Zq-sc-\n-
∂p-am-Wv In-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. c-
£-s∏-́ -h¿ A-\n-›n-X-am-b ̀ m-
hn-sb t\m-°n A-º-c-t∏m-sS
I-gn-bp-∂p.
I-h-f-∏m-d-bv-°v H-cp In-tem-
ao-‰¿-am-{Xw A-I-se ]m-Xm-
dn¬ I-\-Ø-\m-i-am-Wv D-cpƒ-
aq-ew D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m-
Xm¿ A-ßm-Sn-b-S-°w H-cp {]-
tZ-iw-ap-gp-h≥ A-{]-Xy-£-am-
bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-kzm-`m-hn-
I-am-b a-g-sb-Øp-S¿-∂p-≠m-b
kq-N-\-I-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬ {]-tZ-i-hm-kn-Iƒ ho-
sSm-gn-™p-t]m-b-Xp-sIm-≠v
B-f-]m-b-ap-≠m-bn-√. Cu {]-
tZ-i-ß-fn-se-√mw X-s∂ ]-£n-
ar-Km-Zn-I-fpw h-f¿-Øp-ar-K-ß-
fpw A-kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn s]-cp-
am-dn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw \m-́ p-Im¿
Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.
]-›n-a-L-´ a-e-\n-c-I-fpw
tI-c-f-hpw
]-›n-a-L-´ a-e-\n-c-I-fp-sS
h-c-Zm-\-am-Wv tI-c-fw. tI-c-f-
Øn-eq-sS H-gp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-
∂ P-e-k-ar-≤-am-b F-√m \-
Zn-I-fpw ]-›n-a-L-´ a-e-\n-c-I-
fn¬-\n-∂v D-Zv-`-hn-°p-∂-h-bm-
Wv. tI-c-f-Øn-se an-X-io-tXm-
jv-W-am-b Im-em-h-ÿ ]-›n-
a-L-́ -a-e-\n-c-I-fp-sS kw-̀ m-h-\-
bm-Wv. tI-c-f-sam-∂m-sI H-cp
]-cn-ÿn-Xn-tem-e {]-tZ-i-am-Wv
F-∂ hm-Z-K-Xn D-b¿-∂p-h-∂p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ km-l-N-cy-
Øn-em-Wv Km-Uv-Kn¬ I-Ωn-‰n
dn-t∏m¿-´v X-≈n-°-f-™p-sIm-
≠v hn-I-k-\-Øn-s‚ a-d-hn¬
A-¥-an-√m-Ø sIm-≈-bpw \n¿-
Ωm-W {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw \-S-
°p-∂-Xv.
]-›n-a-L-´ a-e-\n-c-I-f-pw
tI-c-fw-X-s∂-bpw t\-cn-Sp-∂ G-
‰-hpw h-en-b `o-j-Wn-bm-Wv
Izm-dn-I-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈-Xv. t\m-
°n-\n¬-s° Ip-∂p-I-fpw a-e-
I-fpw A-{]-Xy-£-am-bn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-∂p. B-bn-c-°-W-°n-
\v Izm-dn-Iƒ ]-›n-a-L-́ -a-e-\n-
c-I-sf Xp-c-s∂-Sp-°p-∂p, ]m-
d-J-\-\w-aq-ew D-≠m-bn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-∂ \n-c-¥-c-am-b {]-
I-º-\w a-e-\n-c-I-sf H-∂m-sI
A-kz-ÿ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw A-
ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-
∂p. ]m-cn-ÿn-Xn-I \n-b-a-ß-
tfm -h-\-\n-b-a-ß-tfm C-hn-sS
]m-en-°-s∏-Sm-dn-√. A-[n-Im-c-
ÿm-\-߃ I-Æ-S-bv -°p-I-
tbm H-Øm-i-sN-øp-I-tbm sN-
øp-∂p.
2018 B-K-Ãn-se a-lm-{]-f-
b-Im-e-Øv kw-ÿm-\-Øv sN-
dp-Xpw h-ep-Xp-am-b 5000tØm-
fw D-cpƒ-s]m-́ -ep-≠m-bn F-∂m-
Wv Pn-tbm-f-Pn-°¬ k¿-tΔ Hm-
v̂ C-¥y(Pn-F-kv-sF)bp-sS dn-
t∏m¿-´v. kw-ÿm-\-sØ 21 i-
X-am-\w ta-J-e-bpw D-cpƒ-s]m-
´-en-\p km-[y-X-bp-≈-Xm-sW-
∂pw tkm-bn¬ ss]-∏nw-Kv D-
cpƒ-s]m-́ -en-\v Im-c-W-am-Ip-sa-
∂pw Pn-F-kv-sF dn-t∏m¿-´v ap-
∂-dn-bn-∏v \-¬-Ip-∂p. Fw-F¬-
F ]n hn A≥-h-dn-s‚ D-S-a-ÿ-
X-bn-ep-≈ hm-´¿-Xow ]m-¿-
°n¬ 8 ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ D-cpƒ-
s]m-´n-b-Xpw I¬-`n-Øn X-I¿-
∂p-t]m-b-Xpw cm-bv-°p-cm-am-\w
B-sf \n¿-Øn `n-Øn ]p-\¿-
\n¿-Ωn-®-Xpw F-√mw hm¿-Ø-
bm-b-Xm-Wv. F-∂m¬ a-lm-{]-
f-bw X-∂ ap-∂-dn-bn-∏n-s\ am-
\n-®v k¿-°m¿ F-¥v ap≥-I-cp-
X¬ kzo-I-cn-®p-sh-∂-Xv ]-cn-
tim-[n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp X-s∂-
bm-Wv. Cu h¿-j-hpw I-h-f-
∏m-d-bpw ]p-Øp-a-e-bpw tI-c-
fw N¿-®-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
tºmƒ X-s∂, Zp-c-¥w aq-ew
Xm¬-°m-en-I-am-bn \n¿-Øn-h-
®n-cp-∂ J-\-\w ]p-\-cm-cw-`n-
°m≥ Pn-tbm-f-Pn h-Ip-∏v Xn-
Sp-°-s∏-´v A-\p-a-Xn \¬-Ip-∂-
Xm-Wv \mw Im-Wp-∂-Xv.
Izm-dn-I-fpw A-\-[n-Ir-X
J-\-\-hpw ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-sb-bpw
]-›n-a-L-´-sØ-bpw
X-I¿-°p-∂p
]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-se D-cpƒ-
s]m-́ -en-\pw a-Æn-Sn-®n-en-\pw I-
\-Ø-a-g-tbm-sSm-∏w A-\n-b-
{¥n-X J-\-\-hpw Im-c-W-am-bn-
cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw Zp-c-¥-ap-≠m-
b 5 Pn-√-I-fn¬ 1104 Izm-dn-Iƒ
{]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw tI-c-
f t^m-d-kv-‰v dn-k¿-®v C≥-Ãn-
Syq -´ n -se im -kv - {X -⁄≥
tUm.Sn.hn k-Po-h≥ A-`n-{]m-
b-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p. G-‰-hpw h-en-
b Zp-c-¥-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂ I-
h-f-∏m-d-bv-°v 5 In-tem-ao-‰¿ Np-
‰-f-hn¬ 21 Izm-dn-Iƒ D-≠-t{X.
]m-Xm¿ F-∂ {]-tZ-i-hpw \q-
dp-I-W-°n-\p ho-Sp-I-fpw X-I¿-
∂ t]m-Øp-I-√n-¬ 17 Izm-dn-
Iƒ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p. \m-ep-
t]-cp-sS a-c-Ww kw-`-hn-® h-S-
I-c h-e-ßm-Sv 42 Izm-dn-I-fm-W-
t{X {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv. h-b-\-
m-Sv ]p-Øp-a-e-bn-epw H-cp In-
tem-ao-‰¿ ]-cn-[n-bn¬ {]-h¿-
Øn-°p-∂p-≠v H-cp Izm-dn. H-cp
Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se aq-∂p-t]-cp-sS
a-c-W-Øn-\n-S-bm-°n-b a-e-∏p-
dw tIm-´-°p-∂n-s‚ k-ao-]-{]-
tZ-i-ß-fn-em-bn 12 Izm-dn-Iƒ.
aq-∂p-t]-cp-sS a-c--Ww kw-`-hn-
® I-√-Sn-t°m-Sv I-cn-º-bn¬ 26
Izm-dn-Iƒ, a-Æn-Sn-®n-en¬ \m-
i-ap-≠m-b ku-Øv a-e-ºp-g-
bn¬ 43 Izm-dn-Iƒ, c-≠p-t]¿
a-c-W-s∏-´ C-Sp-°n sN-dp-tXm-
Wn Km-‘n-\-K¿ tIm-f-\n-°p-
k-ao-]w 22 Izm-dn-Iƒ, C-ß-s\
t]m-Ip-∂p I-W-°p-Iƒ. C-
t∏mƒ D-cpƒ-s]m-´-ep-≠m-b a-
e-I-fp-sS k-ao-]-ß-fn-se-√mw
Izm-dn-Iƒ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-
≠v. ]m-d-I-gp-Im≥ Izm-dn-I-
fn¬ h≥-tXm-Xn¬ kw-`-cn-°p-
∂ sh-≈-hpw tkm-bn¬ ss]-
∏nw-Kn-\pw D-cpƒ s]m-´-en-\pw
Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂p.
Izm-dn-I-fn-se \n-c-¥-c kv-
t^m-S-\w ]-›n-a-L-´ a-e-\n-c-
I-sf B-sI A-kz-ÿ-X-s∏-
Sp-Øp-sa-∂pw Izm-dn-Iƒ {]-h¿-
Øn-°p-∂ ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ am-{X-
a-√ h-\m-¥¿-`m-K-ß-fn¬ D-ƒ-
s∏-sS F-hn-sS th-W-sa-¶n-epw
D-cp-ƒ-s]m-´-epw a-Æn-Sn-®n-ep-ap-
≠m-Im-sa-∂pw ]T-\-߃ ]-d-
bp-∂p. J-\-\-Øn-s‚ ^-e-am-
bp-≠m-Ip-∂ I-º-\-߃ ]m-
d-bn-eq-sS _-lp-Zq-cw k-©-cn-
°p-∂p. B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v Izm-
dn-I-fn-em-bn \n-tXy-\ \-S-°p-
∂ I-º-\-߃ ]-›n-a-L-́ -a-e-
\n-c-Iƒ Ip-ep-ßn-s°m-t≠-bn-
cn-°m≥ Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂p. Hm-
tcm X-h-W ]m-d-s]m-´n-°p-
tºm-gpw H-cp h-en-b C-Sn-ap-g-
°-Øn-\v k-am-\-am-b i-–w
A-Xm-b-Xv 110 ap-X¬ 120h-sc
sU-kn-_-em-Wv kr-„n-°-s∏-
Sp-∂-Xv. Cu i-–-Øn-s‚ I-
º-\-߃ ]m-d-bv-°p-≈n-eq-sS
A-t\-Iw In-tem-ao-‰-dp-Iƒ k-
©-cn-°p-∂p. Izm-dn-I-fp-sS ]-
cn-k-c-Øv 100 ap-X¬ 170 ao-‰¿-
h-sc \o-f-ap-≈ h-en-b hn-≈-
ep-Iƒ cq-]-s∏-Sp-sa-∂pw a-g-
°m-e-Øv Cu hn-≈-ep-I-fn¬
sh-≈w \n-d-™v ÿn-Xn Kp-c-
X-c-am-Ip-sa-∂pw ]T-\-߃ ]-
d-bp-∂p. tkm-bn¬ ss]-∏nw-Kv
{]-Xn-`m-k-am-Wv a-Æn-Sn-®n-en-
\pw D-cpƒ s]m-´-en-\pw Im-c-
W-am-Ip-∂-sX-∂pw I-gn-™ a-
lm-{]-f-b-Øn-\p-ti-jw Zp-c-¥-
\n-hm-c-W A-tXm-dn-‰n-bp-sS
em≥-kv ss…-Uv t{]m-P-Œv
C≥-sk-kv-‰nw-Kv kw-Lw \-S-
Øn-b ]T-\-hpw hy-‡-am-°n-
bn-cp-∂p.
16 Un-{Kn-bn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ N-
cn-hp-≈ {]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Ir-jn-
bn-d-°p-∂-Xpw ho-Sp-h-bv-°p-∂-
Xpw D-cpƒ-s]m-´¬ £-Wn-®p-
h-cp-Øp-sa-∂v Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw
\m-j-W-¬ sk‚¿ t^m¿ F¿-
Øv k-b≥-kv kv-‰-Uo-kn-s‚
]T-\-dn-t∏m¿-´v Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-
°p-∂p. 25 Un-{Kn-bn-¬-Iq-Sp-X¬
N-cn-hp-≈ {]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n¿-
Ωm-W {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ \n¿-
Øn-h-bv-°-W-sa-∂pw dn-t∏m¿-
´v ]-d-bp-∂p. h-b-\m-Sv ]p-Øp-
a-e-bn-epw I-h-f-∏m-d-bn-epw
25Un-{Kn-bn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ N-cn-hp-
≈ {]-tZ-i-ß-fn-em-Wv D-cpƒ-
s]m-´-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. -
17000 a-e-bn-Sn-®n¬ {]-tZ-i-
ß-sf-bpw-Ip-dn-®v k¿-°m-cn-s‚
]-°-ep-≈ dn-t∏m¿-´p-Iƒ ]Tn-
®v \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°-Ww
F-∂m-Wv k-an-Xn \n¿-t±-in-®n-
cn-°p-∂-Xv.
ssa-\nw-Kv B‚ v Pn-tbm-f-
Pn h-Ip-∏n-s‚ I-W-°-\p-k-cn-
®v kw-ÿm-\-Øv 750 Izm-dn-
Iƒ-°p-am-{X-am-Wv {]-h¿-Ø-
\m-\p-a-Xn-bp-≈-Xv. F-∂m¬
5924 Izm-dn-Iƒ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-
∂p-sh-∂m-Wv tI-c-f t^m-d-kv-
‰v dn-k¿-®v C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-́ n-s‚ I-
W-°v. ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-tem-e ta-J-
e-bn-em-Wv ]-Ip-Xn-bn-te-sd
Izm-dn-I-fpw {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv.
1983\pw 2015\p-an-S-bn¬ 115 `q-
an Ip-ep-°-ß-fm-Wv tI-c-f-
Øn¬ D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A-
Xn¬ 78 C-S-Øpw {]-`-h-tI-{μ-
Øn-\v H-cp In-tem-ao-‰¿ Np-‰-f-
hn¬ I-cn-¶¬ Izm-dn-Iƒ D-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. `q-an-bn-te-bv-°v sh-
≈-an-d-ßm≥ ]m-I-Øn-\v hn-≈-
ep-Iƒ kr-„n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw
`q-an-Ip-ep-°-Øn-\v C-S-h-cpw-hn-
[w `q-L-S-\ am-dp-∂-Xpw Izm-
dn-I-fp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\w-aq-e-am-
sW-∂pw ssa-\nw-Kv B‚ v Pn-
tbm-f-Pn h-Ip-∏n-s‚ ]T-\w Nq-
≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. \n-c-h-[n
]T-\-߃, k¿-°m¿ k¿-°m-
tc-X-c G-P≥-kn-I-fp-sS ap≥-
ssI-bn¬ \-S-∂n-́ p-≠v. h-cm-\n-
cn-°p-∂ h-en-b Zp-c-¥-Øn-s‚
kq-N-\-Iƒ Cu dn-t∏m¿-́ p-I-fn-
se-√m-ap-≠v. F-∂m¬ a-Xn-bm-
b A-f-hn¬ ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-
I-tbm \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-I-tbm sN-øp-∂n-√ F-∂-
Xn-s\ `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS
Ip-‰-I-c-am-b A-\m-ÿ-bm-bn
am-{X-ta Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bq.
h-\-\-io-I-c-Ww
`u-a D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se a-
sÆm-en-∏v X-S-bp-∂-Xn¬ a-c-
߃-°v \n¿-Wm-b-I-am-b ]-
¶p-≠v. 2016¬ tZ-io-b ̀ u-a-]T-
ssa-\nw-Kv B‚ v Pn-tbm-f-Pn h-Ip-∏n-s‚ I-W-°-\p-k-cn-®v kw-ÿm-\-Øv 750 Izm-dn-Iƒ-°p-am-{X-am-Wv
sse-k≥kp-≈-Xv. F-∂m¬ 5924 Izm-dn-Iƒ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv tI-c-f t^m-d-kv-‰v dn-k¿-®v C≥-
kv-‰n-‰yq-́ n-s‚ I-W-°v. ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-tem-e ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv Chbn¬ ]-Ip-Xn-bn-te-sdbpw. 1983\pw 2015\p-
an-S-bn¬ 115 `q-an Ip-ep-°-ß-ƒ tI-c-f-Øn¬ D-≠m-bXn¬ 78 C-S-Øpw {]-̀ -h-tI-{μ-Øn-\v H-cp In-tem-
ao-‰¿ Np-‰-f-hn¬ I-cn-¶¬ Izm-dn-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Izm-dn-I-fpw A-\-[n-Ir-X J-\-\-hpw ]-›n-a-L-́ -sØ-bpw]-cn-ÿn-Xn-sb-bpw X-I¿-°p-∂p
(1˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
(tijw 3˛mw t]Pn¬)
sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019 3
\-tI-{μw k-a¿-∏n-® ]T-\ dn-
t∏m¿-́ n¬ C-Sp-°n, I-Æq¿, Im-
k¿-tKm-Uv, tIm-gn-t°m-Sv, F-
d-Wm-Ip-fw, ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´, h-b-
\m-Sv Pn-√-I-fn¬ tkm-bn¬
ss]-∏nw-Kv {]-Xn-`m-kw hym-]-
I-am-sW-∂v I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. D-d-∏p-Ip-d-hp-≈ ̀ u-am-¥¿-
`m-K-sØ a-Æv `q-an-°-Sn-bn-eq-
sS Ip-g-ep-Iƒ-t]m-ep-≈ Nm-ep-
I-fn-eq-sS H-gp-In-t∏m-Ip-∂ {]-
Xn-`m-k-am-Wv tkm-bn¬-ss]-
∏nw-Kv. a-g-sh-≈w h≥-tXm-Xn¬-
B-gv-∂n-d-ßm≥ C-Xv Im-c-W-
am-Ip-∂p. sh-´n-am-‰-s∏-Sp-∂ a-
c-ß-fp-sS Ip-‰n-I-fpw A-h-ti-
jn-∏p-I-fpw tkm-bn¬ ss]-∏nw-
Kn-\v Im-c-W-am-Ipw. a-c-ß-fpw
h-\-hpw a-g-sh-≈w t\-cn-´v a-
Æn¬ ]-Xn-°p-∂-Xv X-S-bp-∂p.
Xm-sg-ho-Wp-W-ßp-∂ C-e-Iƒ
Xm-sg-sb-Øp-∂ a-g-sh-≈-
sØ H-cp kv-t^m-s©-∂-t]m-
se h-en-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-
øpw. F-∂m¬ h-\-\-io-I-c-Ww-
aq-ew a-g-sh-≈w t\-cn-´v `q-an-
bn¬ ]-Xn-°p-I-bpw a-Æn-te-
°v Xm-gm-sX H-gp-In-t∏m-Ip-I-
bpw sN-øp-∂p. 1920 ap-X¬
1990h-sc 40i-X-am-\w h-\-k-º-
Øv \m-tim-∑p-J-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p
F-∂m-Wv ]T-\-߃ sh-fn-hm-
°p-∂-Xv. kzm-`m-hn-I P-e-kw-
`-c-Wn-I-fm-b ]m-S-߃, Im-b-
ep-Iƒ, \-Zn-Iƒ, tXm-Sp-Iƒ
Xp-S-ßn-b-h \n-I-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-
tbm ssI-tb-dp-I-tbm sN-ø-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v sh-≈-s∏m-
°w k¿-Δ-km-[m-c-W-am-bpw am-
dp-∂p.
Km-Uv-Kn¬ I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-´v
Cu kw-̀ -h-ß-fp-sS-sb-√mw
]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Km-Uv-Kn¬
I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-´v ho-≠pw tI-
c-f-Øn¬ Nq-Sp-≈ N¿-®m-hn-j-
b-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]-›n-a-
L-´ a-e-\n-c-I-fp-sS h¿-Ø-am-
\-Im-e-ÿn-Xn-K-Xn-Iƒ hn-e-bn-
cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw 1986se ]-cn-
ÿn-Xn kw-c-£-W \n-b-a-{]-
Im-cw Cu ta-J-e-bn-se ]-c-n-
ÿn-Xntem-e -{]-tZ-i-߃
th¿-X-n-cn-°m-\p-am-Wv {]-ap-J ]-
c - n -ÿn-Xn im -kv - {X -⁄≥
s{]m-^.am-[-hv Km-Uv-Kn¬ sN-
b¿-am-\m-bn 14 Aw-K I-Ωn-‰n
\n-b-an-X-am-b-Xv. 18 am-kw sIm-
≠v I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-´v k-a¿-∏n-
®p. Kp-P-dm-Øv ap-X¬ I-\ym-
Ip-am-cn h-sc \o-≠p In-S-°p-
∂-Xpw tI-c-fw, X-an-gv-\m-Sv, tKm-
h, I¿-Æm-S-Iw, a-lm-cm-{„, Kp-
P-dm-Øv F-∂o B-dv kw-ÿm-
\-ß-fn¬ hym-]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂-
Xp-am-Wv ]-›n-a-L-´ -a-e-\n-c-
Iƒ. ]-›n-a-L-´ a-e-\n-c-I-fn-
se \n¿-Ωm-W {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-
sf-bpw J-\-\-sØ-bpw kw-_-
‘n-®v hy-‡-am-b ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v
\¬-In-bn-cp-∂p Km-Uv-Kn¬ I-
Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-́ v. dn-t∏m¿-́ n-s\-Xn-
sc P-\-ß-sf sX-‰n-≤-cn-∏n-®v
A-Wn-\n-c-Øp-∂-Xn¬ hy-h-
ÿm-]n-X cm-{„o-b I-£n-I-
fpw a-X-km-ap-Zm-bn-I t\-Xr-Xz-
ß-fpw Izm-dn-˛-J-\-\-am-^n-b-
bpw \-S-Øn-b {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-
fn-eq-sS km-[n-®p-sh-¶n-epw Im-
cy-߃ hy-‡-am-Im≥ A-
t©m B-tdm h¿-j-߃ a-Xn,
G-sd \m-sfm-∂pw Im-Øn-cn-
t°-≠n-h-cn-s√-∂v h-f-sc hy-
‡-am-b ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v am-[-hv Km-
Uv-Kn¬ F-∂ im-kv-{X-⁄≥
X-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. B ap-∂-dn-bn-
∏v C-t∏mƒ i-cn-h-bv-°-s∏-´n-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv.
]-›n-a-L-´-ta-J-e-bn¬ A-
\-[n-Ir-X-am-bn \-S-°p-∂ sse-
k≥-kv C-√m-Ø F-√m-Ø-cw
J-\-\-{]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw ]m-d-
s]m-´n-°-epw a-e-Xp-c-°-epw D-
S≥ A-h-km-\n-∏n-°-Ww F-∂v
dn-t∏m¿-´v ip-]m¿-i sN-øp-∂p.
C-°m-cy-Øn¬ \n-e-hn-ep-≈
\n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-°-W-sa-∂m-
Wv dn-t∏m¿-´v i-‡-am-bn B-h-
iy-s∏-´-Xv. ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-se
]-cn-ÿn-Xn-tem-e {]-tZ-iw
tkm¨ H-∂v, c-≠v ta-J-e-I-
fn¬ J-\-\w \n-tcm-[n-°-W-sa-
∂pw \n-e-hn¬ sse-k≥-kp-≈
Izm-dn-I-fp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\w A-
©p-h¿-jw-sIm-≠v A-h-km-\n-
∏n-°-W-sa-∂p-am-Wv Km-Uv-Kn¬
I-Ωn-‰n \n¿-t±-in-®-Xv. \n-e-hn-
ep-≈ J-\-\-Øn-\v sa-®-s∏-´
D-]m-[n-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°-Ww, J-
\-\-Øn-\v I¿-i-\ \n-b-{¥-W-
hpw tkm-jy¬ Hm-Un-‰nw-Kpw
th-Ww, tkm¨ aq-∂n¬ k-a-
X-e-ß-fn¬ e-`y-am-Im-Ø A-
]q¿-Δ-bn-\w [m-Xp-Iƒ-°p-th-
≠n am-{X-ta J-\-\w \-S-Øm-
hq, C-ß-s\ t]m-Ip-∂p Km-Uv-
Kn¬ I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-́ n-se \n¿-
t±-i-߃. ]-›n-a-L-´ a-e-\n-
c-I-fn-se \n¿-Ωm-W {]-h¿-Ø-
\-ß-ƒ-°v \n-b-{¥-Ww G¿-s∏-
Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂pw Km-Uv-Kn¬ I-
Ωn-‰n ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v \¬-In-bn-cp-
∂p. h-b-\m-´n-se ]p-Øp-a-e-
bpƒ-s∏-sS D-cpƒ-s]m-´-epw a-
Æn-Sn-®n-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂ {]-
tZ-i-ß-sf-√mw tkm¨ H-∂n-
em-Wv. kp-c-£n-X-ta-J-e-bm-bn
I-W-°m-°-W-sa-∂v Km-Uv-Kn¬
I-Ωn-‰n \n¿-t±-in-® ÿ-e-am-Wv
h-b-\m-Spw \n-e-ºq-cpw.
B-tKm-f-Xm-]-\w
B-tKm-f-Xm-]-\w tI-c-f-
Øn-se Im-em-h-ÿ-bn-epw a-
g-bp-sS k-a-b-Øn-epw kz-`m-h-
Øn-epw h-cp-Øp-∂ am-‰-hpw C-
tXm-sSm-∏w Iq-´n-hm-bn-t°-≠-
Xp-≠v F-∂v hn-Z-Kv-≤¿ Nq-≠n-
°m-´p-∂p. A-Xn-Xo-{h-a-g tI-c-
f-Øn¬ Xm-c-X-tay-\ ]p-Xn-b
{]-Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. Pq¨, Pq-
sse am-k-ß-fn-se i-‡-am-b
Im-e-h¿-jw F-∂ co-Xn-°v
2002Hm-Sp-Iq-Sn am-‰w h-∂n-cn-°p-
∂p F-∂m-Wv Im-em-h-ÿm \n-
co-£-W-tI-{μ-Øn-s‚ I-W-
°p-I-ƒ hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.
Pq¨ B-Zy-hm-c-Øn-se Zp¿-_-
e F≥-\n-t\m-bpw sX-°p-]-Sn-
™m-d≥ Im-‰n-s‚ K-Xn-am-‰-hp-
am-Wv Cu {]-Xn-`m-k-Øn-\v
Im-c-W-am-bn Im-em-h-ÿ \n-
co-£n-W tI-{μw Nq-≠n-Im-Wn-
°p-∂-Xv. a-g-bp-sS A-f-hn¬ F-
∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ hn-X-c-W-Øn¬
h-∂n-cn-°p-∂ hy-Xym-k-am-Wv
Zp-c-¥-Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂-sX-∂pw
dn-t∏m¿-́ v hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. Im-
em-h-ÿm hy-Xn-bm-\w-aq-ew C-
¥y-bn¬ a-g-Zn -\-߃ Ip-d-
™pw I-\-Ø-a-g-s]-øp-∂ km-
l-N-cy-߃ h¿-≤n-®pw h-cn-I-
bm-sW-∂v tI-{μ-Im-em-h-ÿm-
h-Ip-∏v ]T-\-ß-fn-eq-sS I-s≠-
Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ta-L-hn-kv-t^m-S-
\-Øn-eq-sS D-≠m-Ip-∂ C-Ø-
cw I-\-Ø-a-g-Iƒ tI-c-f-Øn-
s‚ `q-{]-Ir-Xn-°v `o-j-Wn-bm-
Wv. C-Ø-cw a-g-I-fp-sS B-Lm-
Xw Ip-∂p-I-fn-se a -̈]m-f-n-°v
Xm-ßm-\m-hp-∂n-√ F-∂-Xv sX-
fn-bn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-
bm-Wv.
]p-Øp-a-e-bn-epw I-h-f-∏m-
d-bn-epw D-cpƒ-s]m-´-ep-≠m-b
B-K-Ãv 8 \v I¿-Wm-S-Iw, tI-
c-fw X-an-gv-\m-Sv F-∂o kw-ÿm-
\-ß-fn-se ]-›n-a-L-́ Xm-gv-hm-
cw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂ ta-J-e-I-fn¬
I-\-Ø a-g-bm-Wv D-≠m-b-Xv.
Du-´n-bn-se A-h-em-©n, \n-e-
ºq¿, tIm-gn-t°m-Sv, I-Æq¿,
Im-k¿-tIm-Uv, Ip-S-Iv, a-w-K-fp-
cp, Nn-Iv-a-w-K-eq¿ F-∂o {]-tZ-
i-߃ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂ ta-J-e-bn-
em-Wv I-\-Ø a-g s]-bvX-Xv.
24 a-Wn-°q-dn-\p-≈n¬ 200 an-
√o-ao-‰¿ ap-X¬ 800 an-√o-ao-‰-¿
h-sc a-g-bm-Wv Cu {]-tZ-i-ß-
f-n¬ s]-bv-X-Xv. \n-e-ºq-cn-epw
800 an-√o-ao-‰-dn-\-Sp-Øv a-g-bm-
Wv tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
C-Ø-cw a-g-bn¬ \n¿-Ωm-W-{]-
h¿-Ø-\-߃ \-S-°p-∂ a-e-
s©-cp-hp-I-fn¬ D-cpƒ-s]m-́ ¬
km-[y-X 100i-X-am-\-am-Wv F-
∂pw tI-{μ-Im-em-h-ÿm h-Ip-
∏v \-S-Øn-b ]T-\-߃ Nq-≠n-
°m-Wn-°p-∂p.
\n-c-h-[n \n-b-a-߃ \n-e-
hn-ep-≠m-bn-´pw \n-c-h-[n G-
P≥-kn-I-fp-sS ]T-\-dn-t∏m¿-́ pw
Km-Uv-Kn¬ I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-´pw
ap-ºn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-´pw B-k-
∂-am-b Zp-c-¥-Øn-s‚ kq-N-\-
Iƒ \n-c-h-[n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-́ pw
bm-sXm-cp-hn-[ ap≥-I-cp-X-ep-I-
fpw kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ k¿-°m-
¿ X-øm-dm-Ip-∂n-√ F-∂-Xv A-
]-e-]-\o-b-am-Wv. Im-ew sX-‰n
F-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ Im-e-
h¿-jw I-\-Ø \m-iw hn-X-®m-
Wv a-S-ßp-∂-Xv. I-h-f-∏m-d-bp-
sS k-ao-]-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n-c-
h-[n sN-dn-b D-cpƒ-s]m-´-ep-I-
fp-≠m-bn, I-c-I-hn-™ Nm-en-
bm¿ ]p-g-bp-sS C-cp-I-c-I-fn-epw
I-\-Ø \-„-am-Wv D-≠m-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. h-S-I-c, tIm-gn-t°m-Sv
{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-epw h-ºn-® \m-i-
\-„-ß-fm-Wv D-≠m-bn-́ p-≈-Xv.
Xm-Xv-°m-en-I-am-tbm Hu-Zm-
cy-am-tbm k¿-°m-¿ \¬-Ip-∂
Xp-I-sIm-≠v Po-hn-Xw Xn-cn-®p-
]n-Sn-°m≥ Zp-c-¥-_m-[n-X-cm-b
P-\-߃-°v km-[n-°p-∂n-√. D-
’m-l-tØm-sS-bp-≈ ]n-cn-shm-
gn-®v P-\-߃-°v \-„-s∏-´ Po-
hn-X-hpw Po-h-t\m-]m-[n-I-fpw
I-cp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°m≥-th-≠ Im-cy-
߃ sN-øp-I F-∂-Xv k¿-°m-
cn-s‚ ]-cn-K-W-\-bn-en-√. {]-f-
b-Øn¬ \-„w 100tIm-Sn I-hn-
bp-sa-∂m-Wv hym-]m-cn-Iƒ I-
W-°p-Iq-´p-∂-Xv. a-lm-{]-f-b-
Øn-ep-≠m-b \-„w a-dn-I-S-°m-
\pw Zp-cn-Xm-izm-k {]-h¿-Ø-\-
Øn-\v ]-Ww- I-s≠-Øm-\pw
{]-f-b-sk-kv G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b
k-¿-°m-cm-Wv tI-c-f-Øn¬ A-
[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]-f-
b-sk-kv \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xm-I-
s´ 2019 B-K-Ãv am-k-Øn¬,
a-s‰m-cp {]-f-b-Im-e-Øv. 928 C-
\-߃-°m-Wv Pn--F-kv-Sn-°p-]p-
d-ta 2 h¿-j-tØ-bv-°v 1 i-X-
am-\w \n-Ip-Xn G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
k¿-°m-¿ \¬-Ip-∂ Xp—amb Xp-I-sIm-≠v Po-hn-Xw Xn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Zp-c-¥-_m-[n-X-cm-b P-\-߃-
°v km-[n-°p-∂n-√. D-’m-l-tØm-sS-bp-≈ ]n-cn-shm-gn-®v P-\-߃-°v \-„-s∏-´ Po-hn-X-hpw Po-h-
t\m-]m-[n-I-fpw I-cp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°m≥-th-≠ Im-cy-߃sN-øp-I F-∂-Xv k¿-°m-cn-s‚ ]-cn-K-W-\-bn-en-√.
a-lm-{]-f-b-Øn-ep-≠m-b \-„w a-dn-I-S-°m-s\-∂-t]-cn¬ {]-f-b-sk-kv G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b k-¿-°m-cm-Wv
tI-c-f-Øn¬ A-[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
k¿°m¿ \¬-Ip-∂ \m-a-am-{Xam-b \-„-]-cn-lmcw-sIm-≠vZp-c-¥-_m-[n-X¿°v Po-hn-Xw Xn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-°p-I A-km≤yw
k-Jm-hv amthm tk-XpMv A-\p-kv-a-c-WZn\w
am-thm sk-Xp-Mv 1937¬ c-Nn-® {]-tbm-K-sØ-∏-‰n (On Practice) F-∂ Ir-Xn-bn¬-\n-∂v
""h-kv-Xp-\n-jvT tem-I-Øn-s‚ \n-
b-a-߃ a-\- n-em-°p-∂-tXm A-
Xv hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ I-gn-bp-∂-tXm
A-√, Cu tem-I-sØ am-‰m-\m-bn
B \n-b-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ A-dn-hv
{In-bm-fl-I-am-bn {]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-
Xm-Wv ]-c-a-{]-[m-\w F-∂v am¿-Iv-
kn-Ãv X-Xz-Nn-¥ ]-d-bp-∂p. am¿-Iv-
kn-Ãv Im-gv-N-∏m-Sn¬ kn-≤m-¥-Øn-
\v {]m-[m-\y-ap-≠v. ""hn-π-h-kn-≤m-
¥-an-√m-sX hn-π-h-ap-t∂-‰-ap-≠m-In-
√'' F-∂ se-\n-s‚ hm-°p-I-fn¬
B {]m-[m-\yw ]q¿-Wm¿-∞-Øn¬
{]-I-Sn-X-am-Wv. F-∂m¬, {]-hr-Øn-
°v am¿-K-Z¿-i-I-am-Ip-∂p F-∂-Xp-
sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv am¿-Iv-kn-kw
kn-≤m-¥-Øn-s‚ {]m-[m-\y-Øn-\v
Ir-Xy-am-bpw -Du-∂¬ \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.''
sk]v-Xw_¿ 9
(tijw 4˛mw t]Pn¬)
(2˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
4 sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019
cn-°p-∂-Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn X-s∂ hn-
e-°-b-‰-Øn-\v Im-c-W-am-bn-cn-
°p-tºm-gm-Wv A-Xn-\pw-]p-d-ta
\n-Ip-Xn Np-a-Øp-∂-Xv. Po-h≥-
c-£m Hu-j-[-߃-°v Dƒ-s∏-
sS hn-e ho-≠pw h¿-≤n-®n-cn-°p-
∂p F-∂m-Wv dn-t∏m¿-́ p-Iƒ ]-
d-bp-∂-Xv. 10000 cq-]-ap-X¬
80000 cq-]-h-sc hn-e-h-¿-≤-\-hv,
hn-ti-jn-®pw Im≥-k-dn-\p-≈ a-
cp-∂n-\v, tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p! a-lm-{]-f-b-Øn¬ k¿-Δ-
Xpw H-en-®p-t]m-b A-t\-I¿ C-
t∏m-gpw ]-I-®p- \n¬-°p-I-bm-
Wv. B-izm-k-[-\-am-b ]-Xn-\m-
bn-cw-t]m-epw In-´m-Ø-h¿ C-
t∏m-gpw \n-c-h-[n. D-cpƒ-s]m-´-
epw a-Æn-Sn-®n-epw sh-≈-s∏m-
°-hpw a-‰-\-h-[n-bm-fp-I-sf D-
‰-h-cpw D-S-b-h-cpw C-√m-Ø-h-cm-
°n, Iq-c-tbm Iq-c-bn-cp-∂ ÿ-
ew-t]m-ep-tam C-√m-Ø-h-cm-
°n. A-\n-›n-X-am-b `m-hn-bp-
sS ap-∂n-¬ ]-I-®p-\n¬-°p-∂-
h¿ Iym-ºp-I-fn¬-\n-∂v F-
tßm-´p-t]m-tI-≠q F-∂-dn-bm-
sX Ip-g-ßp-I-bm-Wv.
P-\-߃ Iq-sS-bp-≠v F-∂-
Xv C-Ø-h-W-bpw sX-fn-bn-°-
s∏-´p. H-cp B-lzm-\-hpw C-√m-
sX-X-s∂ ssI-bv sa-bv a-d-∂v
P-\-߃ cw-K-Øn-d-ßn. X-
߃-°p-≈-X-{X-bpw \¬-In-
s°m-≠v \n-c-h-[n-bm-fp-Iƒ am-
Xr-I-I-fm-bn. Zp-cn-X-Øn¬ X-
\n-sb-bm-bn-t∏m-b s]¨-Ip-
™n-s‚ hm¿-Ø h-∂-t∏mƒ-
Ø-s∂ Ip-™n-s\ G-s‰-Sp-
°p-hm-\pw ho-Sp-\¬-Ip-hm-\pw
H-s°-bm-bn B-fp-I-ƒ ap-t∂m-
´p-h-∂p F-∂-sXm-s° a-\p-jy-
Xz-Øn-s‚ \n-Z¿-i-\-ß-fm-bn.
Zp-c-¥-_m-[n-X-cm-b ap-gp-
h≥ B-fp-I-sf-bpw \n-cp-]m-[n-
Iw ]p-\-c-[n-h-kn-∏n-°p-hm≥
A-Sn-b-¥-c \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzo-I-
cn-°p-I-bm-Wv k¿-°m¿ D-S-\-
Sn sN-tø-≠-Xv. H-∏w ]-›n-a-
L-́ a-e-\n-c-I-sf kw-c-£n-°p-
hm≥ A-Sn-b-¥-c-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ
kzo-I-cn-°-Ww. ]-›n-a-L-´ a-
e-\n-c-I-sf Xp-c-∂p-Xo¿-°p-∂
Izm-dn-bnw-Kn-\v X-S-bn-S-Ww. A-
Iem-e-b-ß-fn-se {]-iv-\-
ß-sf-°p-dn-®v A-t\z-jn-°m-\m-
bn C-Ø-c-sam-cp kz-X-{¥ P-
\-Io-b Pp-Uo-jy¬ I-Ωo-j≥
\n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv tI-c-f-
Øn-s‚ N-cn-{X-Øn¬ C-Xm-Zy-
am-Wv.
Xn-I-®pw, kz-X-{¥-am-bm-Wv
I-Ωo-j-≥ {]-h¿-Øn-®-Xv. Xn-
cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, tIm-gn-t°m-Sv,
F-d-Wm-Ip-fw F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-
em-bn A-©p Zn-h-k-sØ sX-
fn-sh-Sp-∏v \-S-Øn-b I-Ωo-j≥,
hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ, A-[ym-]-I¿,
c-£n-Xm-°ƒ, hn-Zym-`ym-k {]-
h¿-Ø-I¿, cm-jv-{So-b-˛-km-aq-
ln-I {]-h¿-Ø-I¿, ]-{X-{]-Xn-
\n-[n-Iƒ F-∂n-h-cn¬-\n-∂v
sX-fn-hp-Iƒ ti-J-cn-®p. A-`n-
{]m-b-ß-fpw \n¿-t±-i-ß-fpw C-
-̨sa-bn¬ h-gn-bpw k-am-l-cn-®p.
A-h-sb-√mw t{Im-Uo-I-cn-®m-
Wv dn-t∏m¿-´n-\v cq-]w \¬-In-
b-Xv.
bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n tIm-tf-Pn-
se {]-iv-\-ß-sf A-[n-I-cn-®m-
Wv I-Ωn-j≥ cq-]-h¬-°-cn-s∏-
´-sX-¶n-epw, ]n-∂o-Sv tSw-kv H-
^v d-^-d≥-kv Xo-cp-am-\n-®-
t∏mƒ kw-ÿm-\-sØ F-√m
I-em-e-b-ß-fn-se-bpw A-{I-a-
߃, a-\p-jym-h-Im-i {]-iv-\-
߃, ]-co-£m-{I-a-t°-Sp-Iƒ
F-∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p-Iq-Sn A-t\z-
jn-°m≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-
cp-∂p. sIm-®n≥, tI-c-f, tIm-
gn-t°m-Sv, I-Æq¿, sS-Iv-\n-°¬
k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e-I-fn-se A-̂ n-
en-tb-‰-Uv tIm-tf-Pp-I-fn-se hn-
Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-sS-bpw Po-h-\-°m-
cp-sS-bpw {]m-Xn-\n-[y ]-¶m-fn-
Ø-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p sX-fn-sh-Sp-
∏p-I-fn¬.
tI-c-f-Øn-se H-´p-an-° I-
em-e-b-ß-fn-epw G-sX-¶n-epw
cq-]-Øn-ep-≈ a-\p-jym-h-Im-i
[zw-k-\-߃ \-S-°p-∂-Xm-bn
I-Ωn-j≥ I-s≠-Øp-I-bp-≠m-
bn. A-{I-a-cm-jv-{So-b-Øn-eq-sS
B-[n-]-Xyw ÿm-]n-°p-I-bpw
A-{]-am-Zn-Xzw ]p-e¿-Øp-I-bpw
sN-øp-∂ hn-Zym¿-∞n bq-Wn-b-
\p-Iƒ I-em-e-b-ß-fn-se P-\m-
[n-]-Xy {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ A-´n-
a-dn-°p-∂p. a-‰v hn-Zym¿-∞n kw-
L-S-\-I-sf {]-h¿-Øn--°m-t\m
bq-Wn-b≥ sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ̀ -
b-c-ln-X-am-bn ]-s¶-Sp-°m-t\m
A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. A-°m-Z-an-I
km-l-N-cy-sØ A-{I-a-cm-jv-{So-
bw {]-Xn-Iq-e-am-bn _m-[n-°p-
∂ ÿn-Xn-bm-Wv ]-e-bn-S-ß-fn-
epw. hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-sS kz-X-
{¥ k-©m-c-sØ-t∏m-epw X-S-
bp-∂ tIm-tf-Pv bq-Wn-b-\p-
Iƒ A-h-cp-sS a-\p-jym-h-Im-
i-߃ -N-hp-´n-sa-Xn-°p-∂ \n-
c-h-[n kw-`-h-߃ hn-h-cn-°p-
∂ sR-´n-°p-∂ sam-gn-I-fm-Wv
Nn-e hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ \¬-In-b-
Xv. Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw bq-Wn-th-
gv-kn-‰n tIm-tf-Pn-se "C-Sn-ap-dn'
H-‰-s∏-´-X-√. Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw
K-h¨-sa‚ v B¿-Sv-kv tIm-tf-
Pn-epw F-d-Wm-Ip-fw a-lm-cm-
Pm-kv tIm-tf-Pn-epw tIm-gn-
t°m-Sv a-S-∏-≈n tIm-tf-Pn-ep-
sam-s° "C-Sn-ap-dn'Iƒ {]-h¿-
Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. tIm-tf-Pv bq-
Wn-b≥ dq-ap-I-fm-Wv C-Sn-ap-dn-
I-fm-bn am-dp-∂-sX-∂pw I-Ωn-
j≥ I-s≠-Øn.
tI-c-f-Øn-se `q-cn-]-£w
I-em-e-b -bq-Wn-b-\p-Iƒ `-cn-
°p-∂ F-kv-F-^v-sF X-s∂-
bm-Wv {]-[m-\-am-bpw {]-Xn-
ÿm-\-Øv \n¬-°p-∂-Xv. hn-
Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ \¬-In-b ]-cm-Xn-
I-fn¬ Iq-Sp-X-epw F-kv-F-^v-
sF {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ \-S-Øn-b
B-{I-a-W-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp-
∂p. Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw Fw-Pn
tIm-tf-Pn¬, F-kv-F-̂ v-sF-bp-
sS am-Xr-I ]n-¥p-S¿-∂v F-_n-
hn-]n-bpw A-{I-a tI-{μ-߃
\-S-Øp∂p-sh-∂ ]-cm-Xn-I-fpw
e-`n-®p.
H-∂mw h¿-j hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-
fm-Wv an-°-t∏m-gpw B-{I-a-W-
߃-°v C-c-I-fm-Ip-∂-Xv. F-
∂m¬, G-‰-hpw sR-´n-® {]-iv-
\w, ta¬-∏-d-™ {Iq-c-am-b
kw-̀ -h-߃ A-c-tß-dp-tºmƒ
Im-gv-N-°m-cm-bn \n¬-°p-∂ A-
[ym-]-I-cp-sS ]-¶m-Wv. A-h-
cn¬ Nn-e¿ A-{I-an -Iƒ-°v
t{]m-’m-l-\w \¬-Ip-∂p-sh-
∂ h-kv-Xp-X-bpw Nn-e hn-Zym¿-
∞n-Iƒ Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I-
bp-≠m-bn. am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-am-
b hn-[-Øn¬, Kp-cp-\m-Y ÿm-
\-Øp-\n-∂v h-gn-Im-t´-≠ A-
[ym-]-I¿ k-¶p-Nn-X I-£n cm-
jv-{So-b ]-cn-K-W-\-I-tfm-sS A-
{I-a-W-ß-sf \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-\m-hn-√.
kw-L-Sn-X A-[ym-]-I-{]-ÿm-
\-Øn-se Nn-e-sc-¶n-epw A-[ym-
]-I-hr-Øn-bp-sS a-l-Xzw I-f-
™p-Ip-fn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw dn-
t∏m¿-´n¬ Nq-≠n-°m-´p-∂p-≠v.]-co-£-bp-sS hn-izm-ky-X
I-f-¶-s∏-´p
A-tX-t]m-se, A-Sn-th-cp-
Iƒ ]n-gp-Xp-am-t‰-≠ a-s‰m-cp
ta-J-e-bm-Wv I-em-e-b {]-th-
i-\-Øn-se {I-a-t°-Sp-I-fpw ]-
co-£m-Xn-cn-a-dn-I-fpw. ]-co-£m-
tNm-Zy-߃ tNm¿-Øn-s°m-Sp-
°p-I, D-Ø-c-°-S-em-kp-Iƒ
bq-Wn-b≥ t\-Xm-°ƒ-°v \n-
b-a-hn-cp-≤-am-bn F-Øn-®p-sIm-
Sp-°p-I, A-\¿-l-sc kv-t]m-´v
A-Uv-an-j-\n-eq-sS-bpw kv-t]m¿-
´v-kv Izm-´-bn-eq-sS-bpw C‚¿-˛-
tIm-tf-Pv {Sm≥-kv-^-dn-eq-sS-
bpw I-S-Øn-hn-Sp-I F-∂n-h-bpw
Nn-e I-em-e-b-ß-fn¬ hym-]-I-
am-bn \-S-°p-∂p-≠v. A-Xn-\v ]n-
∂n-epw kw-L-S-\m ]n≥-_-e-
ap-≈ A-[ym-]-I-cp-sS-bpw Po-
h-\-°m-cp-sS-bpw ssI-Iƒ sX-
fn-™v Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]-co-
£m lm-fn¬ \-S-°p-∂ tIm-
∏n-b-Sn, ]-co-£-bp-sS hn-izm-
ky-X-sb-Ø-s∂ I-f-¶-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
-F-Xn-cn-√m-sX- -sX-c-s™-
Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂p F-∂v A-h-Im-i-
s∏-Sp-∂ I-em-e-b bq-Wn-b-\p-
Iƒ an-°-t∏m-gpw F-Xn¿-ÿm-
\m¿-∞n-I-fp-sS t\m-an-t\-j≥
\¬-Im-\p-≈ A-h-Im-iw-t]m-
epw \ntj[n®-p-sIm-≠m-Wv
kz-bw {]-Jym-]n-X hn-P-bn-I-
fm-bn {]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. A-
]-lm-ky-am-Wv A-Ø-c-sam-cp
km-l-N-cyw. F-∂m¬, F-¥p-
sIm-≠v k-am-\-am-b {]-iv-\-
߃ Z-im-_v-Z-ß-fm-bn B-h¿-
Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p; A-h-bp-sS Im-
c-W-ß-fpw ]-cn-lm-c-ß-fpw F-
¥v F-∂ hn-j-b-sØ kw-_-
‘n-®m-Wv Cu P-\-Io-b I-Ωn-
j≥ A-t\z-j-W-Øn¬ Du-
∂¬ \¬-In-b-Xv.
A-Xn¬ H-∂m-a-Xm-bn I-
s≠-Øn-b-Xv I-f-¶n-X-am-b cm-
jv-{So-b t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-s‚ ko-
a-I-fn-√m-Ø ]n-¥p-W-bm-Wv I-
em-e-b-ß-fn¬ A-{I-a-cm-jv-{So-
bw B-g-Øn¬ th-cq-∂m≥ C-
S-bm-°n-b-sX-∂-Xm-Wv. kw-
ÿm-\ ̀ -c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-߃,
\n-b-a-kw-hn-[m-\-߃ F-∂n-h
A-{I-a-sØ A-a¿-® sN-øp-∂-
Xn¬ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´p.- \n-b-a-
߃ I-S-em-kn¬ D-d-ßp-∂p.
1998 se dm-Knw-Kv hn-cp-≤ \n-b-
aw \-S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]-cm-P-b-
s∏-´-Xn-\m¬ Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ in-
£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
I-£n-cm-jv-{So-b-Øn-s‚ I-
dp-Ø N-c-Sp-I-fm¬ _-‘-\-
ÿ-cm-b t]m-eo-kv tk-\-bv-°v
\n-b-a-hm-gv-N D-d-∏m-°m-\m-Ip-
∂n-√. ]-I-cw, ̀ -c-W-]-£m-̀ n-ap-
Jy-ap-≈ Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ-°v kw-
c-£-Ww \¬-tI-≠n-h-cp-∂
ÿn-Xn Xp-S-cp-∂p. {In-an-\¬
tI- p-I-fn¬-t]m-epw, A-kw-
L-Sn-X-cm-b hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ
\¬-Ip-∂ ]-cm-Xn-I-fn-t∑¬ Xp-
S¿-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ \n-›-e-am-Ip-∂-
Xn-\v Im-c-W-hpw ta¬-∏-d-™
I-£n-̨ -cm-jv-{So-b ]m-iw X-s∂.
H-‰-hm-°n¬, I-f-¶n-X P-\m-[n-
]-Xyw.
k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e-Iƒ-°v A-
]-cn-ta-b-am-b A-[n-Im-c-߃
\n-b-a-ß-fn-epw N-´-ß-fn-ep-ap-
≠v. F-∂m¬, tI-c-f-Øn-se I-
em-e-b-ß-fn¬ A-{I-a-߃ s]-
cp-Ip-∂-Xn-\pw A-°m-Z-an-I A-
¥-co-£w tim-N-\o-b-amw-hn-[w
I-em-e-b-ß-fn-se a-\p-jym-h-Im-i ew-L-\-߃
P-Ãn-kv ]n.-sI.jw-kp-±o≥ I-Ωn-j≥
]q¿-Æ dn-t∏m¿-́ v k-a¿-∏n-®p
tI -c-f-Øn-se I-em-e-b-ß-fn¬ \-S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ a-\p-jym-h-Im-i ew-
L-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v A-t\z-jn-°m-\m-bn \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´ P-Ãn-kv ]n.-sI.jw-kp-±o≥ I-Ωn-j≥ sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 2˛-\v dn-t∏m¿-´v k-a¿-∏n-®p. tk-hv F-Pyq-t°-j≥ I-
Ωn-‰n-bp-sS-bpw tk-hv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n Iym-º-bn≥ I-Ωn-‰n-bp-sS-bpw kw-bp-‡]-cn-{i-a-̂ -e-am-bn-́ m-Wv kz-X-{¥ P-\-Io-b Pp-Uo-jy≥ A-t\z-j-W I-Ωo-j-s\
sa-bv 20˛mw Xo-b-Xn \n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n tIm-tf-Pn¬ sa-bv 2\v H-cp hn-Zym¿-∞n-\n R-c-ºv ap-dn-®v B-fl-l-Xy-bv-°v {i-an-®-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂m-Wv tk-hv
bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n tIm-tf-Pv Iym-º-bn≥ I-Ωn-‰n cq-]-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-́ -Xv. sa-bv 10-̨ -\vI-Ωn-‰n Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv ]u-c kw-K-aw kw-L-Sn-∏n-®p. B kw-K-a-Øn-s‚ Xo-cp-
am-\-{]-Im-c-am-Wv kz-X-{¥ P-\-Io-b Pp-Uo-jy¬ I-Ωo-j≥ cq-]o-Ir-X-am-b-Xv.
(tijw 5˛mw t]Pn¬)
\-[n-Ir-X-Izm-dn-Iƒ A-S-®p-]q-
´-Ww. tI-c-f-Øn-se X-Æo¿X-
S-ß-fpw kzm-`m-hn-I P-e-kw-`-
c-Wn-I-fm-b ]m-S-ß-fpw Im-b-
ep-I-fpw \-Zn-I-fpw B-dp-I-fpw
kw-c-£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. h-\-߃
kw-c-£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. Km-Uv-
Kn¬ I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-´n≥-ta¬
B-h-iy-am-b \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ k-Xz-
c-am-bn kzo-I-cn-°-Ww. Im-e-
hn-fw-_w Iq-Sm-sX Cu \-S-]-
Sn-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°m≥ X-øm-dm-
bm¬ am-{X-ta h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂
h≥-Zp-c-¥-Øn¬-\n-∂v tI-c-f-
sØ c-£n-°m-\m-Iq.
(3˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019 5
X-I-cp-∂-Xn-\pw Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂
km-l-N-cy-sØ t\-cn-Sm-\p-≈
[m¿-Ωn-I-i-‡n k¿-Δ-I-em-im-
e-I-fp-sS A-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ {]-Z¿-
in-∏n-°p-∂n-√. hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-
sS ]-cm-Xn-Iƒ-°v ]-cn-lm-cw Im-
Wm-\p-≈ -̀{Z-am-b kw-hn-[m-\-
߃ \n-›-e-am-Wv an-° k¿-
Δ-I-em-im-e-I-fn-epw.
C-Ø-c-sam-cp km-l-N-cy-
Øn¬ R-߃ kp-{]-[m-\-am-
b Nn-e ip-]m¿-i-Iƒ K-h¨-
sa‚n-s‚ A-Sn-b-¥-c ]-cn-K-W-
\-bv-°m-bn k-a¿-∏n-°p-∂p. {]-
[m-\ ip-]m¿-i-I-fp-sS kw-{K-
lw Xm-sg-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p:
1. I-em-e-b-ß-fn-se a-\p-
jym-h-Im-i ew-L-\-ß-sf {]-
Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\m-h-iy-am-b kp-
i-‡-am-b \n-b-a kw-hn-[m-\w
C-t∏mƒ kw-ÿm-\-Øv \n-e-
hn-en-√. 1998 se dm-Knw-Kv hn-cp-
≤ \n-b-aw Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈-h
I-em-e-b-ß-fn¬ A-{I-a-ß-sf
t\-cn-Sm≥ ]-cym-]v-X-a-√m-sb-∂v
I -s≠-Øn -b km -l-N -cy -
Øn¬, F-√m \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS-
bpw ]n≥-_-e-tØm-sS-bp--≈ H-
cp kw-ÿm-\-X-e {]-iv-\-]-cn-
lm-c k-an-Xn-˛-I-em-e-b-ß-fn-
se a-\p-jym-h-Im-i {]-iv-\-
߃ ssI-Im-cyw sN-øm-\m-bn
˛ H-cp Hmw-_p-Uv-kv-am≥ cq-]-
h¬-°-cn-°-W-sa-∂v R-߃
ip-]m¿-i sN-øp-∂p.
2. -hn-Zym¿-∞n-\n-I-fp-sS {]-iv-
\-߃°v ]-cn-lm-c-w I-s≠-Øm-
\mbn, sXm-gn-en-S-ß-fn-se ssew-
Kn-Im-Xn-{I-aw X-S-b¬ \n-b-a-Øn-
s‚ am-Xr-I-bn¬, H-cp B-̀ y-¥-
c I-Ωn-‰n F-√m I-em-e-b-ß-fn-
epw cq-]-h¬-°-cn-°p-I.
3. I¿-i-\-am-b s]-cp-am-‰-®-
´w B-hn-jv-I-cn-®v F-√m I-em-
e-b-ß-fn-epw \n¿-_-‘-am-bpw
\S∏m°pI. A-{I-a-ß-tfm, A-
\n-jv-S kw-`-h-ß-tfm D-≠m-Ip-
∂ km-l-N-cyw H-gn-hm-°n A-
°m-Z-an-I A-¥-co-£w an-I-hp-
‰-Xm-°p-sa-∂v D-d-∏m-°-Ww.
4. \n¿-_-‘-]q¿-Δw hn-Zym¿-
∞n-I-sf {]-I-S-\-ß-fn-tem ]-
cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-tem ]-s¶-Sp-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv \n-tcm-[n-°-Ww. Ip-‰-
°m¿-°v am-Xr-Im-]-c-am-b in-
£ \¬-I-Ww.
5. tIm-tf-Pv bq-Wn-b-s‚
tbm kw-L-\-I-fp-sStbm \n¿-
_-‘n-X ]-W-∏n-cn-hv XSbm≥
N-´w \n¿-Ωn-°-Ww.
6. k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e \n-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS ]q¿-Æ ta¬-
t\m-´ -Øn¬ th-Ww sX-c-
s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \-S-°m≥. Ip-
‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬ G¿-s∏-´-h-sc
a-’-cn-°m≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv.
7. F-Xn-cn-√m-sX sX-c-s™-
Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂ tIm-tf-Pv bq-Wn-
b-\p-Iƒ G-I-]-£o-b-a-√m-sb-
∂v D-d-∏m-°m≥, ]-cm-Xn-I-fp-s≠-
¶n¬ sX-c-™-Sp-∏v -̂ew {]-
Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xv \o-́ n-h-bv-°p-I.
]-cm-Xn h-kv-Xp-Xm-]-c-sa-¶n¬
sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v d-±m-°-Ww.
8. hn-Zym¿-∞n {]-th-i-\-
Øn-\m-bn tIm-tf-Pp-Iƒ kv-
t]m-´v A-Uv-an-j≥ \-S-Øp-∂
k-{º-Zm-bw A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-
I. AXv k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e-Iƒ
t\-cn-´v \-S-Ø-Ww.
9. C‚¿-˛-tIm-tf-Pv {Sm≥-kv-
^¿ A-\¿-l¿-°v I-S-∂p-Iq-Sm-
\p-≈ h-gn-bm-I-cp-Xv. kq-£v-a
]-cn-tim-[-\ k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e
\-S-Øn-b-Xn-\p-ti-jw ]q¿-Æ-
am-bpw sa-cn-‰v ]m-en-®v th-Ww
A-\p-a-Xn \¬-tI-≠-Xv.
10. tIm-tf-Pv {]-hr-Øn k-
a-bw -I-gn-™ ti-jw, A-\-[n-
Ir-X-am-bn hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ Iym-
º-kn¬ X-ßp-∂ {]-h-W-X X-
S-b-Ww.
11. {I-a-t°-Sp-Iƒ X-S-bm≥,
k¿-Δ-I-em-im-em ]-co-£-I-fp-
sS D-Ø-c-°-S-em-kp-I-fpw tNm-
Zy-°-S-em-kp-I-fpw kq-£n-°m-
\pw, ]-co-£ I-gn-™m-ep-S≥
Xn-cn-sI hm-ßn Hm-Un-‰v sN-øm-
\pw k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e-Iƒ {]-
tXy-Ikw-hn-[m-\w H-cp-°-Ww.
12. Ct‚-W¬ am¿-°n-s‚
Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw X-S-bm≥ AXv ]-
Ip-Xn-bm-°n Ip-d-bv-°-mw.
13. do-A-Uv-an-j-\p-≈ k¿-
h-I-em-im-e-m hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ
I¿-i-\-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-°Ww.
14. dm-Knw-Kv hn-cp-≤ \n-b-aw
I¿-i-\-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-°p-I.
15. a-Zy-˛-a-b-°p-a-cp-∂v kw-
L-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v \-Ωp-sS I-em-
e-b-ß-sf kp-c-£n-X-am-°m≥
A-Ø-cw Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-kw-L-ß-fp-
am-bn _-‘-ap-≈-h-sc ap-gp-h≥
tlm-Ã-ep-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw tIm-tf-
Pp-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw ]p-d-Øm-°-
Ww. tbm-Ky-cm-b, ÿn-cw hm¿-
U-∑m-sc A-Xn-\m-bn tlm-Ã-ep-
I-fn¬ \n-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.
16. Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw ]m-f-b-
Øv h¿-j-ß-fm-bn {]-h¿-Øn-
°p-∂ B -̈Ip-́ n-I-fp-sS tlm-
ì \-ho-I-c-Ww \-S-Øn
s]¨-Ip-´n-I-fp-sS tlm-Ã-em-
°n am-‰-Ww. \-K-c-Øn-se
s] -̈Ip-́ n-I-fp-sS Xm-a-k-ÿ-
ew C-√m-bv-a F-∂ {]-iv-\-Øn-
\v ]-cn-lm-cw Im-Wm≥ A-Xm-
h-iy-am-Wv. A-tXm-sSm-∏w X-
s∂ B -̈Ip-́ n-Iƒ-°v a-s‰m-cp
tlm-ì ]-Wn-Xv \¬-I-Ww.
17. ]n-‰n-F, hn-Zym¿-∞n ]-
cm-Xn ]-cn-lm-c sk¬, h-\n-Xm-
sk¬, dm-Knw-Kv hn-cp-≤ sk¬
F-∂n-h ]p-\xcp-÷o-hn-∏n-®v k-
Po-h-am-°n {]-h¿-Øn-∏n-°-Ww.
18. F-√m ssh-kv Nm≥-k-
e¿-am-cp-sS-bpw \n-b-a-\-߃
]q¿-Æ-am-bn sa-cn-‰v ]m-en-®p-th-
Ww \-S-∏n-em-t°-≠-Xv.
19. sIm-®n-bn-se Ip-km-
‰v(sIm-®n≥ bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n H-
^v k-b≥-kv B‚ v sS-Iv-t\m-
f-Pn) tlm-Ã-ep-I-fn¬ {]-th-
i-\-\-S-]-Sn -Iƒ Ip-‰-a-‰-Xm-
°m≥ ssh-kv Nm≥-k-e-dp-sS
Np-a-X-e-bn¬ ta¬-t\m-´ k-an-
Xn-Iƒ-°v cq-]w \¬-I-Ww.
20. G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-am-bn
F-√m I-em-e-b-ß-fn-epw P-\m-
[n-]-Xym-¥-co-£w ]p-\x-ÿm-
]n-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn hn-
Zym¿-∞n-I-fpw A-[ym-]-I-cpw
H-Øp-tN-cp-∂ t^m-d-߃ cq-
]-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-S-Ww. A-\p-̀ -
h-߃ ]-¶p sh-bv-°-s∏-S-Ww.
I-em-e-b-Øn-se {]-iv-\-߃
B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-bn N¿-® sN-øp-
∂ km-l-N-cy-ap-≠m-bm¬, A-
Xn¬ hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v k-Po-
h ]-¶m-fn-Øw \¬-Im-\m-bm-
¬ D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[w h-f¿-
Øm-\pw D-Ø-a ]u-c-∑m-sc
kr-jv-Sn-°m-\pw I-em-e-b-߃-
°v I-gn-bpw.
B-i-b-kw-hm-Z-߃ A-h-
bp-sS ]q¿-Æ cq-]-Øn¬ \-S-
°p-tºmƒ am-{X-ta b-Ym¿-∞
I-em-e-b-߃ ]n-d-hn-sb-Sp-°p-
∂p-≈q. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚
{]-iv-\-߃-°v Iq-Sp-X¬ D-b¿-
∂ P-\m-[n-]-Xyw am-{X-am-Wv
t]mw-h-gn F-∂ a-l-Øm-b N-
cn-{X-]mTw Hm¿-an-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-
Wv dn-t∏m¿-´v k-am-]n-°p-∂-Xv.
sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 2\v Xn-cph\-
¥-]pcw {]-kv ¢-_v lm-fn¬
tN¿-∂ {]u-V-am-b k-tΩ-f-\-
Øn¬-h-®m-Wv I-Ωn-j≥ dn-
t∏m¿-´v {]-Im-i-\w sN-bv-X-Xv.
sN-b¿-am≥ P-Ãn-kv ]n.-sI.-
jw-kp-±o≥, bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n
tIm-tf-Pn¬ B-fl-l-Xy-bv-°v
{i-an-® \n-Jn-em k-Pn-Øn-\v H-
cp tIm-∏n \¬-In-bm-Wv dn-
t∏m¿-́ v s]m-Xp-P-\-߃-°m-bn
{]-Im-i-\w sN-bv-X-Xv. tIm-∏n
G-‰p-hm-ßn-b-ti-jw \n-Jn-e-
bpw kw-km-cn-®p. Iq-Sm-sX I-
Ωn-j≥ Aw-K-ß-fm-b tUm.-
hn.X-¶-a-Wn, A-Uz.sP.k-
‘y, s{]m-^.F-kv.h¿-§o-kv,
sa-º¿ sk-{I-´-dn s{]m-^.F.-
Pn. tPm¿-÷v F-∂n-h-cpw A-
h-cp-sS A-\p-`-h-߃ ]-¶p-h-
®p. s{]m-^.Fw.-Pn.i-in-`q -
j¨, s{]m-^.tam-fn- sa-gv-k-
en≥, tUm.{]-k-∂-Ip-am¿,
s{]m-̂ .hn-P-b-e-£v-an F-∂n-h-
cpw kw-km-cn-®p. I-Ωn-j-s\ \n-
tbm-Kn-® tk-hv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-
‰n tIm-tf-Pv Iym-º-bn≥ I-Ω-
‰n-bp-sS sN-b¿-am≥ B¿.F-
kv.i-in-Ip-am¿ A-[y-£-X h-
ln-®p. sk-{I-´-dn Fw.jm-P¿-
Jm≥ kzm-K-Xw ]-d-™p.
cm-jv-{So-b t\-Xr-Xz-am-Wv
sX-‰p-Xn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv
hn-Zym¿-∞n cm-jv-{So-b-Øn-
s‚ a-l-Xzw ]p-\x-ÿm-]n-°m-
sX cm-Pyw C-∂v t\-cn-Sp-∂ `o-
j-W-am-b sh-√p-hn-fn-I-sf A-
Xn-Po-hn-°m≥ k-aq-l-Øn-\v I-
gn-bn-√. tI-c-f-Øn-se I-em-e-
b-ß-sf A-{I-a-cm-jv-{So-Øn-eq-
sS Io-gv-s∏-Sp-Øn, A-cm-jv-{So-
b-h¬-°-c-W-sØ h-f¿-Øn,
{]-Xn-tem-a B-i-b-߃-°v th-
cq-∂m-\p-≈ I-hm-S-߃ Xp-d-
∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ {]-ap-J
ÿm-\-Øv F-kv-F-^v-sF-bm-
Wv F-∂-Xv {]-iv-\-Øn-s‚ Ku-
c-hw h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. A-{I-a-
cm-jv-{So-bw am-{X-a-√, ]n-F-kv-
F-kn-bp-sS D-Ø-c-°-S-em-kp-I-
fpw tNm-Zy-°-S-em-kp-I-fpw
tNm¿-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂ am-^n-
bm-kw-Lw t]m-epw I-em-e-b-
߃ tI-{μo-I-cn-®v {]-h¿-Øn-
°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv Xp-Sc-t\z-j-
W-߃ h-gn ]n-∂o-Sv tI-c-fw
I-s≠-Øn-b-Xv. A-h-bp-sS ]p-
d-In-epw, Ip-‰-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-´
H-cp cm-jv-{So-b t\-Xr-Xzw {]-
h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-≠v F-∂ Im-cyw
]-I¬-t]m-se hy-‡-am-Wv.
kw-ÿm-\w `-cn-°p-∂ kn-]n-
sF(Fw) Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ ]m¿-
´n-Iƒ-°v C-°m-cy-ß-fn-se-√m-
ap-≈ ]-¶v A-{X-sb-fp-∏w \n-
tj-[n-°m-\m-hn-√.
^-e-Øn¬, C-Ø-cw Zp-jv-
sN-bv-Xn-Iƒ kw-L-]-cn-hm¿ i-
‡n-Iƒ-°v A-h-cp-sS cm-jv-{So-
b kzm-[o-\w h¿-[n-∏n-°m-\p-
≈ h-gn-I-fm-bn am-dp-∂p-sh-∂-
Xm-Wv G-‰-hpw Zpx-J-I-cw. B-
b-Xn-\m¬ C-S-Xp-]-£ {]-ÿm-
\-߃, hn-ti-jn-®pw F-kv-F-
^v-sF-°v B-i-b-t\-Xr-Xzw
\¬-Ip-∂ kn-]n-sF(Fw) H-cp
]p-\¿-hn-Nn-¥-\-Øn-\v X-øm-dm-
I-Ww. F-kv-F-^v-sF F-∂
kw-L-S-\-sb P-\m-[n-]-Xy-h¬-
°-cn-°m-\p-≈ B-flm¿-∞-am-
b ]-cn-{i-a-߃ cm-jv-{So-b t\-
Xr-Xzw \-S-Ø-s´. I-em-e-b-ß-
fn¬ A-{I-a-ß-f-√ B-i-b kw-
hm-Z-ß-fm-Wv th-≠-sX-∂ {]-
[m-\-s∏-´-]mTw H-cn-°-epw hn-
kv-a-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.
kz-X-{¥ P-\-Io-b Pp-Uo-
jy≥ I-Ωn-j≥ i-cn-bm-bn Nq-
≠n-°m-Wn-®-Xp-t]m-se P-\m-
[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ {]-iv-\-߃-°v
]-cn-lm-cw Iq-Sp-X¬ D-b¿-∂ P-
\m-[n-]-Xyw am-{X-am-W.v B P-
\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m-[w, hn-Zym¿-∞n
kw-L-S-\m t\-Xm-°ƒ-°v B-
Zyw ]-I¿-∂v \¬-I-Ww. F-
¶n¬ am-{X-ta hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-
°v P-\m-[n-]-Xy {]-_p-≤-X
ssI-h-cn-°m-\m-hq. ^m-kn-Ãv
`o-j-Wn-sb sN-dp-°m-\p-≈ G-
‰-hpw \-√ t]mw-h-gn kz-X-{¥
I-em-e-b-ß-fm-Wv. kz-X-{¥ P-
\m-[n-]-Xy I-em-e-b-ß-sf Io-
gv-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ̂ m-kn-Ãv i-‡n-
Iƒ-°v I-gn-bn-√. A-h¿, {]-Xn-
tcm-[-Øn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-bw h-f¿-
Øn-sb-Sp-°pw. ̀ -b-c-ln-X-cm-bn
t]m-cm-Spw. {_n-´o-jv-hn-cp-≤
t]m-cm-´-Øn-s‚ \m-fp-I-fn¬
kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-s‚ ]-Xm-I-Iƒ
ssI-bn-te-¥n sX-cp-hn-en-d-
ßm≥ ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-߃ k-∂-
≤-cm-bn. A-h-cn¬ \-s√m-cp ]-
¶v I-em-e-b-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈
hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂
N-cn-{X-]mTw hn-Zym¿-∞n kw-
L-S-\m-t\-Xm-°-sf, hn-ti-jn-
®pw C-S-Xp-]-£ te-_-ep-≈
t\-Xm-°-sf R-߃ hn-\-b-
]q¿-hw Hm¿-Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.
I-Ωn-j≥ dn-t∏m¿-´v sN-b¿-am≥ P-Ãn-kv ]n.-sI.-jw-kp-±o≥, bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰ntIm-tf-Pv ]q¿-Δ hn-Zym¿-∞n\n \n-Jn-em k-Pn-Øn-\v H-cp tIm-∏n \¬-In-
s]m-Xp-P-\-߃-°m-bn {]-Im-i-\w sN-øp∂p. IΩn-j≥ Aw-K-߃ k-ao]w
hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-sS kz-X-{¥ k-©m-c-sØ-t∏m-epw
X-S-bp-∂ tIm-tf-Pv bq-Wn-b-\p-Iƒ A-h-cp-sS a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ -N-hp-´n-sa-Xn-°p-∂ \n-c-h-[n
kw-`-h-߃ hn-h-cn-°p-∂ sR-´n-°p-∂ sam-gn-I-fm-Wv Nn-e hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ \¬-In-b-Xv. Xn-cp-h-\-
¥-]p-cw bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n tIm-tf-Pn-se "C-Sn-ap-dn'H-‰-s∏-´-X-√. Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw K-h¨-sa‚ v B¿-Sv-
kv tIm-tf-Pn-epw F-d-Wm-Ip-fw a-lm-cm-Pm-kv tIm-tf-Pn-epw tIm-gn-t°m-Sv a-S-∏-≈n tIm-tf-Pn-ep-sam-
s° "C-Sn-ap-dn'Iƒ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.
(4˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
apw -ss_-bn -se Xm -P v
tlm-´-en-ep-≠m-b `o-I-cm-{I-a-
W-Øn-\v sXm-́ p-]n-∂m-se 2008
Un-kw-_¿ 31\v tIm¨-{K-kn-
s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ tI-{μ-
K-h-s◊‚ v tZ-io-b A-t\z-j-
W G-P≥-kn \n-b-aw 2008
]m¿-e-sa‚n¬ ]m-km-°n-b-Xn-
s\-Øp-S¿-∂m-Wv F≥-sF-F
F-∂ tI-{μ A-t\z-j-W G-
P≥-kn-°v cq-]w \¬-In-b-sX-
t∂m¿-°p-I. tIm -̈{K- v k¿-
°m-cpw `o-I-c-hm-Z-sØ t\-cn-
Sm-s\-∂ \ym-b-am-Wv D-∂-bn-®-
Xv. C-t∏mƒ sIm-≠p-h-∂ t`-
Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂
am-‰-ß-fm-Wv D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xv: 1) a-\p-jy-°-S-Øv, I-≈-t\m-
´v, B-bp-[-\n¿-Ωm-W-hpw hym-
]m-c-hpw, ssk-_¿ `o-I-c-hm-
Zw Xp-S-ßn-b ta-J-e-I-fn-te-bv-
°p-Iq-Sn F≥-sF-F-bp-sS A-
[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n hn-]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øn,
2) A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬ h-cp-
∂ Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fp-sS Im-cy-
Øn¬ cm-Py-sØ-hn-sS-bp-ap-≈
t]m-eo-kv D-tZym-K-ÿ¿-°v Xp-
ey-am-b A-[n-Im-c-߃ F≥-
sF-F D-Zym-K-ÿ¿-°pw D-≠m-
Ipw, 3) A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬
h-cp-∂ Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fp-sS hn-
Nm-c-W-bv-°m-bn sk-j≥-kv
tIm-S-Xn-I-sf {]-tXy-I tIm-S-
Xn-I-fm-bn Np-a-X-e-s-∏-Sp-Øm≥
tI-{μ-K-h-s◊‚n-\v A-[n-Im-cw
\¬-Ip-∂p.
\n-b-a-hn-cp-≤ {]-h¿-Ø-\w
X-S -b¬-\n -b -aw B-I-s´,
1967se tIm¨-{K-kv k¿-°m-
cn-s‚ Im-e-Øm-Wv \n-e-hn¬
h-cp-∂-Xv. 1963se ]-Xn-\m-dmw
`-c-W-L-S-\m t`-Z-K-Xn-bp-sS-
bpw tZ-io-tbm-Zv-{K-Y-\ Iu¨-
kn¬ \n-tbm-Kn-® tZ-io-tbm-Zv-
{K-Y-\-hpw {]m-tZ-in-I-hm-Z-hpw
kw-_-‘n-® I-Ωn-‰n-bp-sS sF-
I-I-Wv-tTy-\-bp-≈ ip-]m¿-i-I-
fp-sS-bpw Np-h-Sp-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-
≠m-Wv Cu \n-b-aw ]m-km-°p-
∂-Xv. A-`n-{]m-b kzm-X-{¥yw,
k-am-[m-\-]-c-am-bpw \n-cm-bp-[-
am-bpw kw-Lw-tN-c¬, A-tkm-
kn-tb-j-\p-I-fpw bq-Wn-b-\p-I-
fpw cq-]o-I-cn-°¬ F-∂o A-
h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ \ym-b-am-
b \n-b-{¥-W-߃, cm-Py-Øn-
s‚ ]-c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚-bpw
A-¥- n-s‚-bpw Xm-ev-]-cyw
ap≥-\n¿-Øn-bpw \n-b-a-]-c-am-
bpw G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]m¿-e-
sa‚n-\v A-[n-Im-cw \¬-tI-≠-
Xp-s≠-∂v ]-d-™p-sIm-≠m-
Wv 16-̨ mw ̀ -c-W-L-S-\m-t -̀Z-K-Xn
ssI-s°m-≠-Xv. ]n-∂o-Sv K-h-
s◊‚n¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ G-Im-[n-
]-Xy-]-c-am-b A-[n-Im-c-߃
\n-£n-]v-X-am-°m-\m-bn 1969,
2004, 2008, 2012 F-∂o h¿-j-
ß-fn¬ \m-ep-X-h-W Cu \n-
b-aw t -̀Z-K-Xn sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v
C-Xn-s‚ h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ Iq-Sp-X¬
I¿-°-i-am-°n. 2002¬ _n-sP-
]n K-h-s◊‚ v sIm-≠p-h-∂-
Xpw 2004¬ tIm¨-{K-kv K-h-
s◊‚ v ]n≥-h-en-®-Xp-am-b `o-
I-c-{]-h¿-Ø-\w X-S-b¬ \n-b-
a(POTA)Øn-se ]-e h-Ip-∏p-
I-fpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-
≠n-bm-Wv bp-F-]n-F \n-b-a-
Øn¬ t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ sIm-≠p-
h-∂-Xv. apw-s_ `o-I-cm-{I-a-W-
Øn -s‚ ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬
2012epw t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ h-∂p.
F≥-sF-F, bp-F-]n-F \n-b-
a-߃ t]m-se-X-s∂ th-sd-
bpw \n-b-a-߃ \n-e-hn-ep-≠v.
B-`y-¥-c kp-c-£m \n-b-aw-
(MISA) 1971¬ ]m-km-°p-I-bpw
1975 ap-X¬ 1977 h-sc \n-e-\n-
∂ A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-bp-sS \m-
fp-I-fn¬ ]-e-X-h-W t`-Z-K-Xn
sN-øp-I-bpw cm-jv-{So-b hn-tbm-
Pn-∏p-I-sf A-a¿-® sN-øm-\m-
bn e-°p-sI-´ co-Xn-bn¬ D-]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
1977¬ Cu \n-b-aw ]n≥-h-en-
°-s∏-´p. F-∂m¬, km-bp-[-
tk-\ {]-tXy-Im-[n-Im-c \n-b-
aw 1958, (AFSPA), A-h-iy k¿-
Δo-kv kw-c-£-W \n-b-aw 1968,
(ESMA) F-∂n-h C-t∏m-gpw \n-
e-hn-ep-≠v. 1985 ap-X¬ 1995 h-
sc ̀ o-I-c-hm-Z-hpw hn-L-S-\ {]-
h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw(X-S-b¬) \n-b-
aw(TADA) {]m-_-ey-Øn-ep-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
F-¥p-sIm-≠v C-h
I-cn-\n-b-a-߃ F-∂v
hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p
h-©-\, `o-I-c-hm-Zw, hy-h-
ÿn-Xn-s°-Xn-cm-b {]-h¿-Ø-
\w F-∂n-h-bp-sS-sbm-s°-t∏-
cn¬ H-cm-sf \n-b-aw A-\p-im-
kn-°p-∂ am¿-K-Øn-eq-sS-b-√m-
sX X-S-hn¬ ]m¿-∏n-°m≥ K-
h-s◊‚n-\v A-\ym-b-am-b A-
[n-Im-c-߃ \¬-Ip-∂-Xpw A-
Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-
hn-cp-≤ kz-̀ m-h-ap-≈-Xp-am-b \n-
b-a-ß-sf-bm-Wv I-cn-\n-b-a-
߃ F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.
{_n-́ o-jv cm-⁄n-s°-Xn-sc-
bp-≈ A-cm-P-I-Xz-]-c-hpw hn-
π-h-kz-`m-h-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-am-b
{]-h¿-Ø-\-߃-°v X-S-bn-Sm-
s\-∂ t]-cn¬ 1919 am¿-®n¬ C-
¥y-bn-se {_n-́ o-jv K-h-s◊‚ v
ssI-s°m-≠ du-e-‰v B-Iv-Sv
C-Δn-[-Øn-ep-≈ H-cp I-cn-\n-b-
a-am-bn-cp-∂p. C-Xp-{]-Im-cw H-
cm-fp-sS I-cp-X¬ X-S-¶¬ Im-
em-h-[n A-\n-›n-X-am-bn \o-́ m-
\p-≈ A-[n-Im-cw {_n-´o-jv K-
h-s◊‚n-\v e-̀ n-®p. 1915se Un-
^≥-kv Hm-̂ v C-¥y B-Iv-Sv {]-
Im-c-hpw hn-Nm-c-W Iq-Sm-sX H-
cm-sf X-S-¶-en¬ h-bv-°m-\p-≈
A-[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kzm-
X-{¥y-t∏m-cm-fn-I-fn¬-\n-∂v hn-
ti-jn-®v hn-π-h-[m-c-bn¬-\n-∂v
{_n-´o-jv `-c-W-Øn-\v `o-j-Wn
D-≠m-b ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv
C-h B-hn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏-́ -Xv. 1919
G-{]n-en¬ \-S-∂ Ip-{]-kn-≤-
am-b Pm-en-b≥-hm-em-_m-Kv Iq-
´-s°m-e a-‰v ]-e {]-Xn-tj-[-
߃-°p-sam-∏w du-e-‰v B-Iv-
Sn-s\-Xn-cm-b {]-Xn-tj-[-sØ-
°q-Sn A-a¿-®-sN-øm≥-th-≠n
\-S-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. kzm-X-
{¥ym-\-¥-cw C-¥y≥ ap-X-em-
fn-h¿-§-Øn-s‚ Im-cy-ÿ≥-am-
cm-b tIm¨-{K- pw _n-sP-]n-
bp-sam-s° \-bn-® K-h-s◊‚p-
Iƒ ssI-s°m-≠ ta-ev-]-d-
™ I-cn-\n-b-a-ß-sfm-s° ap-
X-em-fn-Ø Nq-j-W-hm-gv-N-bp-
sS Xm-ev-]-cym¿-∞w, du-e-‰v B-
Iv-Sn-s‚ am-Xr-I-bn¬, A-Xn-t\-
°mƒ {Iu-cy-tØm-sS ]-S-®p-
≠m-°n-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
]u-c-kzm-X-{¥y-hpw cm-jv-
{So-b A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw \n-tj-
[n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw \ym-b-am-b P-
\-Io-b k-a-c-ß-sf A-a¿-®
sN-øp-∂-Xn-\pw G-Im-[n-]-Xy-
]-c-am-bn A-an-Xm-[n-Im-c-߃
I-øm-fp-∂-Xn-\v th-≠n-bm-Wv K-
h-s◊‚ v Cu I-cn-\n-b-a-ß-sf-
√mw ]m- m-°n-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv F-
∂ h-kv-Xp-X N-cn-{Xw km-£y-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. ap-X-em-fn-h¿-
§ Xm-ev-]-cy-sØ tk-hn-°p-∂
G-sXm-cp K-h-s◊‚n-s‚-bpw
P-\-hn-cp-≤ \-b-ß-sf-bpw \-S-
]-Sn-I-sf-bpw tNm-Zyw-sN-øm≥
ss[-cy-s∏-Sp-∂-h-sc `o-j-Wn-
s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw hn-c-´m-\pw A-h-
cp-sS-ta¬ {]-Xn-Im-c-\-S-]-Sn-
Iƒ ssI-s°m-≈m-\p-ap-≈
lo-\-am¿-§w F-∂-\n-e-bn-em-
Wv Cu I-cn-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sS Hm-
tcm h-Ip-∏pw {]-tbm-Kn-®n-́ p-≈-
Xv, A-Y-hm Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-
bv-Xn-́ p-≈-Xv.
Sm-U, t]m-´ t]m-ep-≈ I-
cn-\n-b-a-߃ C-{]-Im-cw G-sd-
°m-ew tIm -̈{K-kv, _n-sP-]n
k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw
sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. H-cmƒ Ip-‰w-sN-
bv-Xp F-∂ kw-i-b-Øn-s‚
t]-cn¬, tI-kv Nm¿-Pv-sN-øm-
sX, 180 Zn-h-kw-h-sc X-S-hn¬
h-bv-°m-\pw G-I-]-£o-b-hpw
{l-kz-hp-am-b hn-Nm-c-W-bv-°v
hn-t[-b-am-°m-\pw t]m-´ \n-b-
a-{]-Im-cw I-gn-bpw. sk-]v-Xw-
_¿ 11s‚ B-{I-a-W-Øn-\v ti-
jw A-ta-cn-° ssI-s°m-≠
"]m-{Sn-b-´v' F-∂ I-cn-\n-b-a-
tØ-°mƒ ]-e-Im-cy-ß-fn-epw
C-Xv Iq-Sp-X¬ I¿-°-i-am-Wv.
tI-kv A-t\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw
`o-I-c-s\-∂v kw-i-bw tXm-∂p-
∂ G-sXm-cm-sf-bpw Ip-‰w-Np-
a -Øn \n -b-a -Ø-\p-ap -∂n¬
sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\pw A-\n-b-
{¥n-X-am-b A-[n-Im-c-ß-fm-Wv
ta-ev-]-d-™ \n-b-aw A-t\z-j-
W G-P≥-kn-Iƒ-°v \¬-Ip-
∂-Xv. Cu \n-b-a-{]-Im-cw c-Pn-
kv-‰¿ sN-bv-X 4000 tI-kp-I-
fn¬ aq-∂n¬ c-≠n-epw {]-Xn-
Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc {]-Y-a-Zr-jv-Sym H-
cp sX-fn-hpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√
F-∂ h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv t]m-´
\n-b-aw ]p-\-]-cn-tim-[n-°m≥
\n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´ k-an-Xn I-
s≠-Øn-b-Xv. Sm-U \n-b-a-{]-
Im-cw A-d-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏-́ -h-cn¬
`q-cn-`m-K-hpw kv-{Xo-I-fpw Ip-´n-
I-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂n-́ pw ̀ o-I-
c-hn-cp-≤ h-Ip-∏p-I-fm-Wv A-h-
cp-sS-ta¬ Np-a-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
P-\-ß-sf I-≈-t°-kn¬ Ip-
Sp-°m≥ Cu \n-b-aw F-{X-
tØm-fw Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-ø-
s∏-́ p F-∂v hy-‡-am-°p-∂ Im-
cy-ß-fm-Wn-sX-√mw. Sm-U \n-
b-aw Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-øm-\p-
≈ ]-gp-Xp-Iƒ \n-b-a-Øn¬-
Ø-s∂ Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®n-´p-≠v.
kzm-`m-hn-I \n-b-a-Øn-\pw A-
Xn-s‚ {]-{In-b-bv-°pw ]-I-cw-
h-bv-°-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sS P-\m-[n-
]-Xy-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-ß-sf-
Ø-s∂ A-Xv Im¿-∂vXn-∂p-
∂p. 1985\pw 95\pw C-S-bv-°v \-
S-∂ Zp-cp-]-tbm-K-߃ I-f-hp-
Iƒ-sIm-≠v aq-Sn-h-bv-°-s∏-´p
F-∂v dn-t∏m¿-´v sN-ø-s∏-´n-´p-
≠v. 1994 Pq¨ 30\-Iw 67000
A-d-Ãp-Iƒ Cu \n-b-a-{]-Im-
cw \-S-∂p F-∂v Hu-tZym-Kn-I-
am-bn ]-d-bp-tºmƒ b-Ym¿-∞
I-W-°v 76000\pw ta-se-bm-Wv.
Ip-‰-ß-sfm-∂pw Np-a-Øm-\m-Im-
sX 25 i-X-am-\w tI-kp-Iƒ
t]m-eo-kv-X-s∂ D-t]-£n-®n-´p-
≠v. 35 i-X-am-\w tI-kp-Iƒ
am-{X-am-Wv hn-Nm-c-W-bv-°v h-
∂-Xv. A-Xn¬ 95 i-X-am-\-hpw
sh-dp-sX hn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
sh-dpw 2 i-X-am-\w t]-sc am-
{X-am-Wv in-£n-®n -´p -≈-Xv.
67000 t]-sc A-d-Ãv sN-bv-X-
Xn¬ 60000 t]-cpw \n-c-]-cm-[n-
I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v tI-{μ B-
`y-¥-c k-l-a-{¥n-bpw tIm¨-
{K-kv t\-Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-∂ cm-
tP-jv ss]-e-‰v 1994 B-K-Ãv
24\v ]m¿-e-sa‚n¬ k-Ω-Xn-®n-
´p-≠v. 8000 tI-kp-Iƒ hn-Nm-c-
W-bv-°v h-∂-Xn¬ 725 t]-sc-
bm-Wv Ip-‰-°m-cm-bn I-s≠-
Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
^m-kn-Ãv kz-`m-h-Øn-s‚
Im-cy-Øn¬, F≥-sF-F,
bp-F-]n-F t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ
ap≥-Im-e I-cn-\n-b-a-ß-sf-
F-√mw I-S-Øn-sh-´p-∂p
km-[m-c-W-°m¿-°p-ta¬
`o-I-c-hm-gv-N A-Sn-t®-ev-]n-°m-
\pw cm-jv-{So-b {]-Xn-tbm-Kn-I-
sf-bpw bp-‡n-hm-Zn-I-sf-bpw a-
\p-jym-h-Im-i {]-h¿-Ø-I-sc-
bp-sam-s° th-´-bm-Sm-\pw \n¿-
e-÷w \n-b-a-hm-gv-N-sb N-hp-
´n-sa-Xn-°p-I-bm-Wv ̀ -c-W-h¿-§-
Øn-s‚ G-‰-hpw hn-iz-kv-X Im-
cy-ÿ≥-am-cm-b _n-sP-]n-bp-
sS `-c-Ww F-∂-Xn-\v hn-i-Zo-
I-c-W-am-h-iy-an-√. A-tXm-sSm-
∏w a-X-\yq-\-]-£-ß-sf-bpw-a-
‰pw C-c-I-fm-°m-\pw sIm-e-s∏-
Sp-Øm-\p-sam-s° Cu am¿-Kw
A-h-ew-_n-°p-∂p. ]u-cm-h-Im-
i-ß-sf-bpw cm-jv-{So-bm-h-Im-i-
ß-sf-bpw kw-_-‘n-® A-¥m-
cm -jv - {S I¨-sh≥-j-\n¬
(ICCPR) C-¥y-bpw ]-¶m-fn-bm-
Wv. C-Xp-{]-Im-cw G-sXm-cm-sf-
bpw \n-c-]-cm-[n F-∂-\n-e-bn¬-
th-Ww k-ao-]n-°m≥ F-∂-Xv
A-¥¿-t±-io-b-am-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-
°-s∏-´ a-\p-jym-h-Im-i X-Xz-
am-Wv. H-cm-fn¬ Ip-‰w B-tcm-
]n-®m¬ B-tcm-]n-°p-∂-bm-fm-
G-Im-[n-]-Xy-]-c-am-b bp-F-]n-F, F≥-sF-F
t -̀Z-K-Xn-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc H-‰-s°-́ m-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-I
`o-I-c-hm-Z-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-≈ I-Sp-Ø \-S-]-Sn-sb-∂ ]-Xn-hv]-√-hn-bp-am-bn _n-sP-]n K-h-s◊‚ v I-gn-™ am-kw tZ-io-b
A-t\z-j-W G-P≥-kn(NIA) t`-Z-K-Xn _n¬ 2019 ]m¿-e-sa‚n-s‚ C-cp-k-`-I-fn-epw ]m-km-°n-sb-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. I-jv-Sn-®v H-
cm-gv-N I-gn-™-t∏mƒ ̀ o-I-c-hm-Z-sØ I¿-°-i-am-bn X-S-bm-s\-∂ Im-cyw-X-s∂ ]-d-™p-sIm-≠v \n-b-a-hn-cp-≤ {]-h¿-Ø-
\w(UAPA) X-S-b¬ t -̀Z-K-Xn _n¬ 2019Dw ]m¿-e-sa‚n-se ar-Ko-b `q-cn-]-£w D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn ]m-km-°n-sb-Sp-Øp.
(tijw 7˛mw t]Pn¬)
6 sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019
Wv sX-fn-bn-t°-≠-Xv F-∂¿-
∞w. F-∂m¬ bp-F-]n-F \n-
b-aw C-Xn-\v hn-]-co-X-am-b \n-
e-]m-Sm-Wv F-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. H-cm-
fn¬-\n-∂v B-bp-[w I-s≠-Øn-
b-Xm-tbm H-cp `o-I-cm-{I-a-W-
hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ h-kv-Xp-°-
fn¬ B-cp-sS-sb-¶n-epw hn-c-e-
S-bm-fw I-s≠-Øn-b-Xm-tbm
sX-fn-bn-°m≥ K-h-s◊‚n-\v I-
gn-™m¬, Ip-‰w sN-bv-Xn-́ n-s√-
∂v sX-fn-bn-t°-≠ _m-≤y-X
A-bm-fp-sS Np-a-en-em-Ipw. C-Xv
A-Sn-ÿm-\ [m-c-W-Iƒ-°v \n-
c-°p-∂-X-s√-∂v -am-{X-a-√ Ir-{Xn-
a-am-bn sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠m-°m≥
t{]-c-W-bm-Ip-I-bpw sN-øpw.
A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂ Ip-‰w
Np-a-Øp-∂-Xn¬ sh-≈w-tN¿-
Øpw hn-Nm-c-W {]-l-k-\-am-
°n-bpw _n-sP-]n K-h-s◊‚ v
kz-¥-°m-cm-b Ip-‰-hm-fn-I-sf
kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xpw {]-Xn-tbm-
Kn-I-sf tI-kn¬ Ip-Sp-°p-∂-
Xn-\v A-t\z-j-W G-P≥-kn-I-
sf D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-
sam-s° F-√m-h¿-°p-a-dn-bm-hp-
∂ Im-cy-am-Wv. ssl-Z-cm-_m-
Zv ]-≈n-bn-se-bpw kw-tQm-X
F-Iv-kv-{]-kn-se-bpw am-se-Km-
hn-se-bpw kv-t^m-S-\-t°-kp-I-
fn-se {]-Xn-I-sf sh-dp-sX hn-
´-Xv C-Xn-\v \-√ D-Zm-l-c-W-am-
Wv. ti-J-cn-® sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-
t]m-epw lm-P-cm-°m-sX a-\∏q-
¿-Δw tI-kv Zp¿-_-e-am-°n-b-Xn-
\v A-t\z-j-Ww \-S-Øn-b F≥-
sF-F, P-Uv-Pn-bp-sS i-Im-c-
Øn-\v C-c-bm-Ip-I t]m-ep-ap-
≠m-bn. `o-I-c-{]-h¿-Ø-\-hpw
A-{I-a-hpw \n-b-a-hn-cp-≤ {]-h¿-
Ø-\-ß-fp-sam-s° X-S-bp-∂-
Xn¬ _n-sP-]n-°v F-{X-tØm-
fw Xm-ev-]-cy-ap-s≠-∂v C-Xv hy-
‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.
bp-F-]n-F-bn-se ]p-Xn-b h-
Ip-∏p-Iƒ {]-Im-cw H-cp tIm-S-
Xn Ip-‰-hm-fn-bm-sW-∂v I-s≠-
Øp-∂--Xn-\p-ap-ºp-X-s∂ H-cp
hy-‡n-sb G-I-]-£o-b-am-bpw
X-∂n-jv-S-{]-Im-c-hpw "`o-I-c-hm-
Zn-'bm-°m≥ K-h-s◊‚n-\v I-gn-
bp-sa-∂ ÿn-Xn-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.
C-Xv kzm-̀ m-hn-I \o-Xn-bp-sS \-
·-am-b ew-L-\-am-Wv. A-̀ n-{]m-
b kzm-X-{¥yw au-en-Im-h-Im-
i-am-bn ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS 19-̨ mw
A-\p-t—-Zw {]-Jym-]n-®n-cn-s°-
bm-Wv H-cp A-`n-{]m-bw h-®p-
]p-e¿-Øp-∂-Xn-s‚ t]-cn¬, H-
cp B-i-bw ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn-s‚
t]-cn¬ cm-jv-{So-b {]-Xn-tbm-Kn-
I-sf h-e-bn¬ Ip-Sp-°m≥ A-
t\z-j-W G-P≥-kn-Iƒ-°v
Cu I-cn-\n-b-a-Øn-eq-sS I-gn-
bp-∂-Xv. bp-h-a-\- p-I-fn¬ `o-
I-c-X-bp-sS hn-Øp-]m-Ip-∂-
tXm tcm-j-ap-W¿-Øp-∂-tXm
B-b km-ln-Xyw hn-X-c-Ww
sN-øp-∂-h-sc-bpw A-Ø-cw {]-
Nm-c-Ww \-S-Øp-∂-h-sc-bpw-Iq-
Sn `o-I-c-cm-bn I-W-°m-°p-sa-
∂v \n-b-aw -t`-Z-K-Xn- sN-bv-X-
t∏mƒ K-h-s◊‚ v hy-‡-am-
°n-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xm-b-Xv, K-h-
s◊‚n-\v tXm-∂p-∂-h-sc ̀ o-I-
c-\m-°mw F-∂¿-∞w. B-Zyw
bp-F-]n-F \n-b-aw sIm-≠p-h-
∂ tIm¨-{K-k,v _n-sP-]n-bp-
sS Cu t`-Z-K-Xn-sb ]n-¥p-W-
bv-°p-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. hn-h-
cm-h-Im-i \n-b-aw ^-e-Øn¬
{]-h¿-Ø-\-c-ln-X-am-°n-b-Xn-\v
ti-j-am-Wv Cu t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ
sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. P-\-߃ K-
h-s◊‚n¬-\n-∂v hn-h-c-߃
B-cm-bp-∂-Xn-s‚ H-gp-°v ]q¿-
W-am-bpw X-S-™n-s√-¶n-epw
\n-b-{¥n-°p-I-sb-¶n-epw sN-øp-
I F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p D-t±-iw.
bp-F-]n-F t`-Z-K-Xn-aq-ew G-
sX-¶n-epw A-d-Ãn-s\ kw-_-
‘n-®v F-s¥-¶n-epw hn-h-cw H-
cmƒ-°pw A-dn-bm≥ km-≤y-a-
√ F-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv ÿn-Xn. ]u-
cm-h-Im-i-ß-sf-bpw A-h-ti-
jn-°p-∂ P-\m-[n-]-Xy aq-ey-ß-
sf-bp-am-sI a-c-hn-∏n-°p-∂ -̂
e-am-Wv C-Δn-[w A-[n-Im-c-ß-
sf-√mw K-h-s◊‚n¬ tI-{μo-I-
cn-°p-∂-Xp-h-gn D-≠m-hp-I.
F-ß-s\-bm-Wv I-cn-\n-b-a-
߃ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚
A-¥-I-cm-Ip-∂-Xv
ap-X-em-fn h¿-K-Øn-s‚ B-
hn-¿-`m-h-Im-e-Øv, a-’-cm-[n-
jvTn-X-am-b ap-X-em-fn-Ø k-º-
Zv-L-S-\-bp-sS cm-jv-{So-b D-]-cn-
L-S-\-sb-∂-\n-e-bn¬, ]m¿-e-
sa‚-dn P-\m-[n-]-Xyw B-hn-jv-
I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw A-Xn-s‚
kp-K-a-am-b {]-h¿-Ø-\w D-d-∏m-
°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn \n-c-h-[n \n-b-
a-ß-fpw X-Xz-ß-fpw Io-gv-h-g-°-
ß-fp-sam-s° ssI-s°m-≈p-I-
bp-ap-≠m-bn F-∂-Im-cyw C-hn-
sS ]-cm-a¿-in-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. C-
h-bn¬ Nn-e-sXm-s° \n-b-a-
߃ F-∂-\n-e-bn¬ \n-b-a-]p-
kv-X-I-Øn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-
tbm `-c-W-X-Xz-߃ F-∂-\n-
e-bn¬ ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-I-tbm sN-
bv-Xp. ""\n-b-a-Øn-s‚ Zr-jv-Sn-
bn¬ F-√m-h-cpw Xp-ey-cm-Wv'',
""G-sXm-cp ]u-c-\pw kz-X-{¥-
\m-bn-cn-°m-\pw A-̀ n-{]m-bw ]-
d-bm-\p-ap-≈ A-\n-tj-[y-am-b
A-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw'',
""sX-fn-hn-√m-Ø-Xn-s‚ t]-cn¬
A-t\-Iw Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ in-£n-
°-s∏-Sm-sX t]m-bm-epw H-cp \n-
c-]-cm-[n-t]m-epw in-£n-°-s∏-
S-cp-Xv'', ""H-cmƒ a-s‰m-cm-fp-sS-
ta¬ Ip-‰-am-tcm-]n-®m¬ A-Xv
sX-fn-bn-°m-\p-≈ _m-≤y-X
B-tcm-]n-°p-∂ Bƒ-°m-bn-cn-
°pw'', ""sN-bv-X-Ip-‰w A-\n-tj-
[y-am-b sX-fn-hp-I-fp-sS A-Sn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ kw-i-bm-Xo-X-am-
bn sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√-¶n¬
B-sc-bpw in-£n-°m-\m-In-√''
C-ß-s\ t]m-Ip-∂p A-h. ]-c-
am-[n-Im-c k-`-bm-b ]m¿-e-
sa‚ v P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-am-bn
sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xpw \n-b-
a-\n¿-am-Wm-[n-Im-c-ap-≈-Xpw
B-bn-cn-°pw. A-Xn-s‚ ]-c-am-
[n-Im-cw P-\-ß-fp-sS ]-c-am-[n-
Im-c-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
∂p. ap-X-em-fn-h¿-K-am-bn-cp-∂p
A-∂v P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ ]-
Xm-I-hm-l-I¿. \n-b-a-\n¿-am-
W k-`-bn¬ `q-cn-]-£-ap-≈
]m¿-́ n K-h-s◊‚ v cq-]o-I-cn-°p-
∂-tXm-sS P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚
aq-∂v Xq-Wp-I-fn¬ c-s≠-Æ-am-
b \n-b-a-\n¿-Ωm-W, `-c-W-\n¿-
Δ-l-W kw-hn-[m-\-߃ X-
Ωn¬ Xm-Zm-flyw {]m-]n-°m-\p-
≈ F-√m km-≤y-X-bp-ap-s≠-
∂v _q¿-jzm-P-\m-[n-]-Xy X-Xz-
߃-°v cq-]w-sIm-Sp-Ø-h¿ `-
b-∂n-cp-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠-h¿
sh-tΔ-sd A-[n-Im-c-ß-fpw D-
Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fpw \n¿-Δ-Nn-°p-
I-bpw A-h hy-‡-am-bn th¿-
Xn-cn-®v Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-
Xp. A-tXm-sSm-∏w G-sX-¶n-ep-
sam-∂n¬ A-[n-Im-cw tI-{μo-
I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m-\pw H-∂n-
s‚ A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬ a-s‰m-
∂v ssI-I-S-Øm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-am-
bn \n-b-a-\n¿-Ωm-Ww, `-c-W-
\n¿-Δ-l-Ww, \o-Xn-\ym-bw F-
∂o aq-∂v Xq-Wp-Iƒ-°p-an-S-
bn¬ k-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ \n-e-
\n¿-Øm-\p-≈ kw-hn-[m-\-hpw
A-h¿ B-hn-jv-I-cn-®p. H-cm-fp-
sS kzm-X-{¥y-Øn¬ a-s‰m-cmƒ
C-S-s]-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, H-cp
\o-Xn-\ym-b tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ X-
s‚ {]-hr-Øn \n-b-a-]-c-am-sW-
∂v ÿm-]n-°m≥ A-bmƒ-°v
_m-≤y-X-bp-s≠-∂pw A-∂v \o-
Xn-\ym-b kw-ln-X D-Zv-tLm-jn-
®n-cp-∂p. A-Xm-b-Xv, ]u-c-s‚
kzm-X-{¥y-Øn¬ G-I-]-£o-
b-am-bn `-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w C-
S-s]-Sp-∂-Xn¬-\n-∂v kw-c-£-
Ww \¬-Im-\p-≈ {]-tXy-I D-
Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xzw \o-Xn-\ym-b kw-
hn-[m-\-Øn¬ \n-£n-]v-X-am-bn-
cp-∂p F-∂¿-∞w.
A-ß-s\, B L-´-Øn¬
N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn km-[y-am-bn-cp-
∂ ]-cn-[n-h-sc ap-X-em-fn-h¿-§-
Øn-\v kzm-X-{¥yw, k-a-Xzw,
km-tlm-Z-cyw F-∂ A-Xn-s‚
ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw {]m-h¿-Øn-I-am-
°m≥ I-gn-™p. `-c-W-Iq-Sw
\n-b-a-hm-gv-N D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-
∂ Im-e-tØm-f-ta A-[n-Im-c-
Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS X-∂n-jv-
S-{]-Im-c-ap-≈ sN-bv-Xn-I-fn¬-\n-
∂v `-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿-°v a-Xn-
bm-b kw-c-£-W-ap-≠m-Iq F-
∂v ap-X-em-fn-Ø cm-jv-{So-b hn-
im-c-Z-∑m¿ A-∂v ]-d-™n-cp-
∂p. s]m-Xp-P-\-߃-°v hn-a¿-
i-\-ap-∂-bn-°m-\pw tNm-Zyw-sN-
øm-\p-ap-≈ A-\p-a-Xn-bn-√m-sX
\n-b-a-߃ D-≠m-°p-I-bpw C-
√m-Xm-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-tºm-gm-
Wv G-Im-[n-]-Xy-hpw tkz-—m-
[n-]-Xy-hp-sam-s° D-≠m-Ip-∂-
Xv. kzm-X-{¥y-k-¶-ev-]-Øn-s‚
A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ t\m-°n-bm-
epw, H-cp K-h-s◊‚ v \n-e-sIm-
≈p-∂-Xv [m¿-an-I-am-b I-S-a-I-
fp-sS A-Sn-Ø-d-bn-em-Wv F-∂-
Im-cyw ]-cn-K-Wn-®m-epw A-Xn-
s‚ sN-bv-Xn-Iƒ i-cn-bm-Ip-∂-
Xv A-Xv F-{X-tØm-fw P-\-ß-
fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\ A-h-Im-i-
߃ kw-c-£n-°p-∂p-≠v F-∂-
Xn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn-
°pw. cm-jv-{So-bm-[n-Im-cw ssI-
øm-fp-∂-h-tcm-Sp-≈ P-\-ß-fp-sS
hn-t[-b-Xzw ]-c-a-a-s√-∂pw A-
Xv A-Sn-ÿm-\ A-h-Im-i-߃
Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°q-
Sn B-{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw
A-h¿ Xp-S¿-∂v ]-d-bp-∂p.
F-∂m¬ Im-ew ap-t∂m-´p-
t]m-b-t∏mƒ ap-X-em-fn-Øw Ip-
Ø-I-kz-̀ m-h-am¿-÷n-°p-I-bpw
H-Sp-hn¬ km-{am-Py-Xz L-́ -Øn-
se-Øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Cu
A-Xyp-∂-X-L-´w A-Xn-s‚ A-
]-N-b-Øn-s‚-bpw ]n-¥n-cn-∏≥
kz-`m-h-Øn-s‚-bpw L-´-sØ-
bm-Wv A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
{]-Xn-k-‘n-bpw Po¿-Æ-X-bpw
\n-d-™ ap-X-em-fn-Ø-Øn-\v,
A-≤zm-\n-®v Po-hn-°p-∂ P-\-
߃-°v C-\n-sbm-∂pw \¬-Im-
\n-√. A-Xn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-b kw-
hn-[m-\-am-b ]m¿-e-sa‚-dn P-
\m-[n-]-Xyw-X-s∂ A-gn-a-Xn-bpw
A-[m¿-an-I-X-bpw-aq-ew No-™p-
\m-dp-I-bm-Wv. ap-X-em-fn-Ø-hy-
h-ÿ Iq-Sp-X¬ {]-Xn-k-‘n-bn-
em-Ipw-tXm-dpw ap-X-em-fn-h¿-Kw
a-c-Wm-k-∂-hpw Po¿-W-hp-am-b
A-Xn-s‚ h¿-K-`-c-Ww Zo¿-Ln-
∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn `-c-W-Iq-S-
Øn-s‚ ssI-I-fn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬
A-[n-Im-c-߃ tI-{μo-I-cn-°m-
\pw {I-ta-W ̂ m-kn-k-Øn-te-
°v \o-ßm-\pw {i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p-∂p. kz-¥w kr-jv-Sn-bm-
b Cu {]-Xn-k-‘n H-gn-hm-°m-
\m-Im-Ø-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬, Po¿-
W-hpw a-c-Wm-k-∂-hp-am-b ap-
X-em-fn-Ø-hy-h-ÿ \mƒ sN-
√pw-tXm-dpw ]m¿-e-sa‚-dn P-\m-
[n-]-Xy-sØ \-in-∏n-°m-\pw P-
\m-[n-]-Xy aq-ey-ß-fpw X-Xz-ß-
fpw Nn-´-bm-bn I-h¿-s∂-Sp-°m-
\pw A-\o-Xn A-c-°n-́ p-d-∏n-°m-
\pw Nq-jn-X-P-\-X-bv-°p-ta-ep-
≈ A-Sn-®-a¿-Ø-en-s‚ Ip-cp-
°v ap-dp-°m≥ ]p-Xn-b X-{¥-
߃ sa-\-™p-sIm-≠v ^m-
kn-Ãv Zw-jv-{S-Iƒ ]p-d-Øp-Im-
´m-\pw {i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.
H-Sp-ßm-Ø Zp-cn-X-߃-aq-ew P-
\-߃ {]-Xn-tj-[n-°p-I-bpw
k-a-c-]m-X kzo-I-cn-°p-bpw sN-
øp-tºmƒ A-Xn-s\ A-Sn-®-a¿-
Øn-s°m-≠v A-tß-b-‰w A-gn-
a-Xn \n-d-™-Xpw Im-e-l-c-W-
s∏-´-Xp-am-b ap-X-em-fn-Ø hm-
gv-N Xp-S¿-∂p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im-
\p-≈ A-h-km-\ {i-a-sa-∂-\n-
e-bn¬ ap-X-em-fn-Ø km-{am-Py-
Xz i-‡n-Iƒ ̂ m-kn-k-Øn¬
A-`-bw {]m-]n-°p-∂p. G-sXm-
cp ap-X-em-fn-Ø cm-Py-sØ-bpw
kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw G-sd-
°p-sd C-Xm-Wv bm-Ym¿-∞yw.
H-s∂m-∂m-bn I-cn-\n-b-a-߃
]-S-®p-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-s\ Cu N-
cn-{X ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬-th-Ww
\-Ωƒ a-\- n-em-°m≥.
I-cn-\n-b-a-߃ d-±v
sN-øn-°m≥ i-‡-hpw
{]-_p-≤-hp-am-b k-a-cw
h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I
bp-F-]n-F, F≥-sF-F t`-
Z-K-Xn-Iƒ t]m-ep-≈ I-cn-\n-b-
a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v hn-e-]n-®n-´p-am-
{Xw Im-cy-an-√. tIm-S-Xn-I-sf
k-ao-]n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠pw Cu
X-I¿-® H-gn-hm-°m-\m-In-√. C-
Ø-cw ^m-kn-Ãv Kq-Vm-te-m-N-
\-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc tbm-Pn-®-Xpw
kw-L-Sn-X-hpw {]-_p-≤-hp-am-b
P-\-Io-b sN-dp-Øp-\n¬-]v h-
f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv th-
≠-Xv. km-aq-ly ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-
sS {]-bm-W-Øn¬ ]m¿-e-a‚-
dn P-\m-[n-]-Xyw A-¥n-a-hm-°-
√ F-∂ k-Xyw Xn-cn-®-dn-tb-
≠ k-μ¿-`-am-Wn-Xv.- A-Xv H-
cp N-cn-{X-L-´w am-{X-am-Wv.
B L-´-Øn-s‚ {]-k-‡n
\-jv-S-s∏-´p-I-gn-™m¬ A-Xn-
s\-°p-dn-®v hn-e-]n-®n-́ v Im-cy-an-
√. A-Xm-Wv hn-th-I-]q¿-Δ-am-
b \n-e-]m-Sv. am-\-h-cm-in-sb
Nq-j-W-Øn-s‚ \p-I-Øn¬-\n-
∂v tam-Nn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ t]m-cm-
-́Øn¬ ap-t∂-dp-∂-Xn-eq-sS F-
√m cm-jv-{So-b Po¿-W-X-I-fpw
Xp-S-®p-\o-°p-I F-∂ am¿-K-am-
Wv i-cn-sb-∂v \-Ωp-sS [n-j-
W \-sΩ Hm¿-a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ B \n-tbm-Kw
\n-d-th-‰p-∂-Xn-\v A-\p-]q-c-I-am-
bn-́ p-th-Ww I-cn-\n-b-a-߃ A-
∏m-sS d-±v sN-øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈
h-º≥ P-\-Io-b {]-t£m-̀ -hpw
hn-I-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m≥.
]u-c-kzm-X-{¥y-hpw cm-jv-{So-b A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw\n-tj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw \ym-b-am-b P-\-Io-b k-a-c-
ß-sf A-a¿-® sN-øp-∂-Xn-\pw A-an-Xm-[n-Im-c-߃ I-øm-fp-∂-Xn-\v th-≠n-bm-Wv K-h-s◊‚ v Cu
I-cn-\n-b-a-ß-sf-√mw ]m- m-°n-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv F-∂v-N-cn-{Xw km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ap-X-em-fn-h¿-§sØ
tk-hn-°p-∂ G-sXm-cp K-h-s◊‚n-s‚-bpw P-\-hn-cp-≤ \-b-ß-sf- tNm-Zyw-sN-øm≥ ss[-cy-s∏-Sp-∂-
h-cp-sS-ta¬ {]-Xn-Im-c-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ ssI-s°m-≈m-\p-ap-≈ lo-\-am¿-§w F-∂-\n-e-bn-em-Wv ChbpsS
Hm-tcm h-Ip-∏pw {]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.
(6˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019 7
8 sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019
ssP-h-]-Zm¿-∞w A-ssP-h-
]-Zm¿-∞-Øn¬-\n-∂pw
cq-]w-sIm-≠p
am-‰-hpw hn-Im-k-hp-am-bn
_-‘-s∏-́ v, a-s‰m-cp {]-[m-\ hn-
j-b-Øn-epw N¿-® B-h-iy-ap-
≠v. \-ap-°-dn-bmw, ]-Zm¿-∞-
tem-Iw a-\p-jy-s‚ t_m-[-
Øn¬-\n-∂pw kz-X-{¥-am-bm-
Wv \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. a-\p-
jy≥ \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xp sIm-
≠v tem-Iw \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p
F-∂-X-√ k-Xyw. im-kv-{X-
Øn¬-\n-∂pw N-cn-{X-Øn¬-\n-
∂pw \mw ]Tn-®n-´p-≈-Xv, a-\p-
jy≥ ̀ q-an-bn¬ B-hn¿-̀ -hn-°p-
∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp-X-s∂ ]-Zm¿-∞-
tem-Iw \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂p F-∂-
Xm-Wv. ]-Zm¿-∞-tem-I-Øn-se
F-√m-Øn-\pw hn-Im-k-Øn-s‚
H-cp N-cn-{X-ap-≠v. ssP-h-tem-
I-Øn-\pw hn-Im-k-Øn-s‚ h-
f-sc \o-≠ H-cp N-cn-{X-ap-≠v.
C-Xv im-kv-{X-hpw N-cn-{X-hpw
Aw-Ko-I-cn-® H-cp h-kv-Xp-X-bm-
Wv. a-\p-jy-s‚ h-c-hn-\p-ap-tº-
X-s∂ Po-h≥ D-Zv-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p,
A-kw-Jyw Po-h-Pm-Xn-I-fp-sS
]-cn-Wm-a-]-c-am-b am-‰-hpw kw-
`-hn-®n-cp-∂p. A-Xn-\pw-ap-ºp-X-
s∂, A-ssP-h-]-Zm¿-∞-Øn¬-
\n-∂pw ssP-h-]-Zm¿-∞w cq-]w-
sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]-Zm¿-∞-tem-I-
Øv A-S-®p-]q-´n-b c-≠v hy-Xy-
kv-X A-d-I-f-√ A-ssP-h-tem-
I-hpw ssP-h-tem-I-hpw F-∂-
Xv C-∂v kw-i-b-c-ln-X-am-bn
sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-́ n-́ p-≠v. A-Xm-b-
Xv, ]-c-kv-]-c-_-‘-an-√m-Ø hy-
Xy-kv-X tem-I-ß-f-√ A-h.
im-kv-{X-hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v A-
dn-bmw, A-ssP-h-kw-bp-‡-ß-
fn¬-\n-∂m-Wv ssP-h-kw-bp-‡-
߃ cq-]w-sIm-≠n-´p-≈-Xv. F-
√m Po-h-Pm-e-ß-fpw {]-[m-\-am-
bpw ssP-h-kw-bp-‡-߃-
sIm-≠m-Wv \n¿-Ωn-°-s∏-´n-´p-
≈-Xpw. ]-≠v ]-e-cpw hn-iz-kn-
®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, A-\m-Zn-Im-
ew-ap-X¬-t° ssP-h-˛-A-ssP-
h ]-Zm¿-∞-߃ sXm-´p-tN¿-
∂v \n-e-\n¬-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p
F-∂-Xv hm-kv-X-h-a-√. H-cp Iq-
´w im-kv-{X-⁄¿ H-cn-°¬ hn-
iz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se ]-co-
£-W-im-e-bn¬ ssP-h-kw-bp-
‡-߃ X-øm-dm-°m≥ km-[n-
°p-I-bn-√ F-∂-Xpw, h-f-sc ap-
tº-X-s∂ sX-‰m-sW-∂v sX-fn-
bn-°-s∏-́ p-I-gn-™p. {]-tXy-In-
®pw, ]-co-£-W-im-e-bn¬-h-®v
bq-dn-b \n¿-Ωn-®-Xp-X-s∂ kw-
i-b-Øn-\p-≈ hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ
sIm-´n-b-S-®n-cp-∂p. A-ssP-h-
kw-bp-‡-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw ssP-
h-kw-bp-‡-߃ \n¿-Ωn-°m-
sa-∂-Xv C-∂v sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´
h-kv-Xp-X-bm-sW-∂p-am-{X-a-√,
A-Ø-cw A-\-h-[n ssP-h-kw-
bp-‡-߃ A-ssP-h-kw-bp-
‡-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw D-Xv-]m-Zn-∏n-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Po-h-
s‚ D-Zv-̀ -h-sØ-bpw A-s√-¶n¬,
Po-h-s‚-bpw Po-h-cq-]-ß-fp-sS
hn-hn-[ L-S-I-ß-fp-sS-bpw B-
hn¿-̀ m-h-sØ-bpw, ̀ q-an-bn¬ {]-
Xy-£-s∏-´ B-Zy-Po-hn-sb-bpw-
Ip-dn-®p-≈ tNm-Zy-Øn-\v D-Ø-
cw I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬ C-∂v h-
f-sc-b-[n-Iw ]p-tcm-K-Xn ssI-
h-cn-®p F-∂v kw-i-b-an-√m-sX
]-d-bmw. ]-t£, im-kv-{X-Øn-
\v A-\m-h-c-Ww sN-tø-≠-Xv
C-\n-bpw h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw D-≠v.
F-\n-°v t_m-[y-ap-≠v, D-Zm-l-
c-W-Øn-\v, ssh-d-kn-s\-°p-dn-
®v C-\n-bpw G-sd A-dn-tb-≠-
Xm-bn-´p-≠v. ]-t£ H-cp kw-K-
Xn A-dn-bmw. ssh-d-kv Po-h-
\p-≈ ]-Zm¿-∞-am-bpw Po-h-\n-
√m-Ø ]-Zm¿-∞-am-bpw \n-e-
\n¬-°p-∂p. H-cp Po-hn-bp-sS i-
co-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬ B-bn-cn-°p-
tºmƒ A-Xv Po-h-\p-≈ H-∂n-
s\-t∏m-se X-s∂ {]-h¿-Øn-
°p-∂p. a-‰v ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-
fn¬, D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v H-cp Ip-
∏n-°p-≈n¬ kq-£n-°p-tºm-
fm-I-s´ Po-h-\p-≈ H-∂n-s\-
t]m-se ssh-d-kv s]-cp-am-dp-I-
tb-bn-√. a-t‰-sXm-cp cm-k-]-
Zm¿-∞-hpw-t]m-se, \n-t›-jv-S-
am-b ]-Zm¿-∞w-t]m-se am-{X-
am-Ipw A-t∏mƒ A-Xv. ssh-d-
kn-s\-°p-dn-®v Iq-Sp-X¬ Ir-Xy-
am-bn A-dn-bp-∂-tXm-sS Po-h-
s‚ D-Zv-`-h-sØ-∏-‰n-Ø-s∂ Iq-
Sp-X¬ hn-h-cw t\-Sm≥ km-[n-
°p-sa-∂m-Wv im-kv-{X-⁄¿
{]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv.
Um¿-hn≥ -˛- B-[p-\n-I
Po-h-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚
A-{K-Km-an
ssP-h-tem-I-Øn-s‚ hn-Im-
k-Øn-s‚ N-cn-{X-Øn¬, B-Zy-
Nn-¥-I-sfm-s°-bpw ]p-cm-W-
ß-fn-se B-Jym-\-߃ t]m-
se Xn-I-®pw km-¶¬-∏n-I-am-bn-
cp -∂p. A-∂-sØ k-aq -l-
Øn¬ \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂ Cu B-
i-b-߃ Iq-Sp-X-epw a-X-]-c-am-
b Nn-¥-bn-epw hn-ip-≤-]p-kv-X-
I-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw D-cp-Øn-cn-
™-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C-Ø-cw Nn-
¥-I-fp-sS A-Sn-th-cn¬ B-Zyw
sh-´n-b-Xv Um¿-hn-\m-Wv. ssP-
h-tem-I-sØ hn-Im-k-߃, \n-
b-a-߃-°v A-\p-kr-X-am-sW-
∂v A-t±-lw ÿm-]n-®p. Cu
hn-Im-k-߃-°v A-Xn-t‚-Xm-
b N-cn-{X-ap-≠v. ssP-h-tem-I-
sØ Cu am-‰-߃ A-hy-h-
ÿn-X-am-bn h-∂p-tN¿-∂-X-√.
ssP-h-tem-I-sØ hn-Im-k-Øn-
s‚ ]m-X-bn¬, G-I-tIm-i A-
ao-_-bpw t{]m-t´m-tkm-h-bp-sS
e-fn-X-am-b {]-Y-a-h¿-§-hpw cq-
]w sIm-≠-Xn¬ Xp-S-ßn ̨ A-
Xm-I-s´, Po-h-tIm-i-ß-fp-sS
{]-[m-\ L-S-I-am-b t{]m-t´m-πm-
k-Øn¬ Xp-S-ßn-b {]-{In-b-bn-
eq-sS cq-]w sIm-≠p; C-h-bn¬
Nn-e-sXm-s° Ip-g-ºp cq-]-Øn-
ep-≈ Po-hn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p ̨ tIm-
i-߃ kz-bw hn-̀ -Pn-°m≥ B-
cw-`n-®p. A-ß-s\ hn-`-P-\-Øn-
eq-sS-bp-≈ {]-Xyp¬-∏m-Z-\w
B-cw-`n-®p. A-Xp-h-tc-bpw, ]p-
cp-j-˛-kv-{Xo cq-]-߃ X-Ωn¬
ssew-Kn-I-am-bn H-∂m-Ip-∂-Xn-
eq-sS-bp-≈ {]-Xyp¬-∏m-Z-\w
kw-`-hn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Cu {]-{In-
b-bn¬, kw-L¿-j-ß-fp-tS-bpw
C-S-]-g-I-ep-I-fp-tS-bpw am-‰-ß-
fp-tS-bpw H-cp ]-c-º-c-bn-eq-sS
hn-hn-[-ß-fm-b F-√m Po-hn-h¿-
§-ß-fpw D-cp-Øn-cn-™p. Um¿-
hn-s‚ ]-cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥w A-
h-Im-i-s∏-́ -Xv, hm-\-c-k-Zr-i-cm-
b ]q¿-h-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS k-am-\-
K-W-Øn¬ \n-∂pw ]-cn-W-an-®-
Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv, C-∂-sØ Ip-
c-ßp-I-fp-tS-bpw Bƒ-°p-c-ßp-
I-fp-tS-bpw, X-Ωn¬ ]n-∂o-Sv A-
I-∂p t]m-b, hw-im-h-en-Iƒ
D-≠m-b-Xv. ]n-∂o-Sv, Bƒ-°p-c-
ßp-I-fp-sS hw-im-h-en-bn¬ \n-
∂pw B-t{¥m-t∏m-bv-Uv Bƒ-
°p-c-ßp-I-fpw, Xp-S¿-∂v H-cp {]-
tXy-I hw-im-h-en-bm-bn B-[p-
\n-I a-\p-jy-\pw ]-cn-W-an-®p.
Um¿-hn-s‚ Cu kn-≤m-¥w
ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-sØ £-bn-∏n-
°p-I-bpw, B-[p-\n-I Po-h-im-
kv-{Xw P-\n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp
F-∂-Xv k-Xy-am-Wv. ]-t£,
Um¿-hn-s‚ Nn-¥-Iƒ-°v N-cn-
{X-]-c-am-b ]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ sIm-
≠v Nn-e hn-S-hp-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p F-∂-Xpw A-tX k-a-bw
X-s∂ k-Xy-am-Wv. Cu hn-S-hp-
Iƒ am-‰-Øn-s‚ c-≠v h-i-ß-
fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-h-
bm-Wv. im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ `m-j-
bn¬ ]-d-™m¬ C-h, A-f-hn-
ep-≈ am-‰-hpw Kp-W-Øn-ep-≈
am-‰-hp-am-Wv. {I-ta-W-bp-≈ am-
‰-Øn-s‚, A-Y-hm ]-cn-Wm-a-
Øn-s‚ ]m-X Um¿-hn≥ Xn-cn-
®-dn-™p. ]-t£ am-‰-Øn-s‚
B {]-{In-b-bn¬, Xp-S¿-®-bpw
`w-K-hpw H-cp-an-®v \n-e-\n¬-°p-
∂p-sh-∂pw, A-f-hp-]-c-am-b am-
‰w A-\n-hm-cy-am-bpw Kp-W-]-c-
am-b am-‰-Øn-te-°v \-bn-°p-sa-
∂pw Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ A-t±-
lw ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´p. ssP-h-]-cn-
Wm-a-Øn-\p ]n-∂n-se Im-c-W-
tam, F-¥p-sIm-≠v ]-cn-Wm-aw
X-s∂ \-S-°p-∂p F-∂-Xp kw-
_-‘n-t®m, hy-‡-am-b H-cp hn-
i-Zo-I-c-Ww \¬-Ip-hm≥ A-t±-
l-Øn-\v km-[n-®n-√. im-kv-{X-
Øn-s‚ ]n-∂o-Sp-≠m-b I-≠p-
]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fm-Wv Um¿-hn-s‚
kn-≤m-¥-sØ Iq-Sp-X¬ ]-cn-
t]m-jn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw hn-]p-eo-I-
cn-°p-hm-\pw k-lm-b-I-am-b-Xv.
C-sX-√mw im-kv-{X-hn-Zym¿-∞n-
Iƒ-°v kp-]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv.
km-¶¬-∏n-I-am-b
tXm-∂-ep-Iƒ k-Xy-Øn-s‚
am-\-Z-Wv-U-a-√
Im-cy-߃ a-\- n-em-°p-∂-
Xn-epw kzmw-io-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-
epw hy-‡n-Iƒ-X-Ωn¬ A-¥-
c-ap-s≠-∂v a-\- n-s\-bpw Np-
‰p-]m-Sp-I-sf-bpw kw-_-‘n-®
N¿-®-bn¬ \mw I-≠p-I-gn -
™p. Cu km-l-N-cy-Øn¬
\mw F-ß-s\ k-Xyw \n¿-Æ-
bn-°pw? X-s‚ Nn-¥-bm-Wv i-
cn F-∂p hn-iz-kn-°p-hm-\pw
B A-h-Im-i-hm-Zw i-‡n-bp-
‡w ÿm-]n-°p-hm-\pw Hm-tcm-
cp-Ø¿-°pw A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v.
F-∂m¬ Zr-V-{]-kv-Xm-hw \-Ω-
sf k-Xy-Øn-te-°v \-bn-°n-√.
Im-c-Ww k-Xy-sa-∂-Xv H-cm-fp-
tS-bpw B-i-b-ß-tf-tbm tXm-
∂-ep-I-tf-tbm B-{i-bn-®-√
\n¬-°p-∂-Xv. k-Xyw a-\- n-
em-°p-hm≥ hn-a¿-i-\m-fl-I-am-
b ]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-te-°m-Wv,
{]-tbm-K-Øn¬ sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-
Xn-te-°m-Wv, H-cmƒ t]m-tI-
≠-Xv. B-i-b-hm-Z X-Xz-im-kv-
{X-ß-fn¬ ̀ q-cn-`m-K-Øn-epw {]-
tbm-Kw F-∂ Im-cyw C-√. A-
h-bn¬ ]-e-Xpw ]p-e¿-Øp-∂
B-i-bw, X-Xz-Nn-¥ {K-ln-°p-
∂-Xv sF-ln-I-am-b Po-hn-X-
Øn-\p th-≠n-b-√, B-fl-kw-
Xr-]v-Xn-°p-th-≠n-bm-Wv F-∂-
X-t{X. Cu Im-cyw \-ap-°v a-
s‰m-cp tIm-Wn¬ \n-∂pw ]-cn-
tim-[n-°mw. \-ap-°-dn-bmw, Ku-
X-a-_p-≤≥, tb-ip {In-kv-Xp,
ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n, i-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿
F-∂n-h-sc-√mw h-f-sc D-∂-X-
cm-b t{i-jvT-hy-‡n-Xz-ß-fm-bn-
cp-∂p F-∂v \-ap-°-dn-bmw. A-
h-sc-√mw-X-s∂ a-Xm-Nm-cy-∑m¿
B-bn-cp-∂p, ]-t£ Hm-tcm-cp-
Ø-cpw a-s‰m-cm-fn¬ \n-∂pw hy-
Xy-kv-X-am-b B-i-b-am-Wv a-X-
sØ Ip-dn-®v ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂-
Xv. H-cmƒ k-Xy-sa-∂p {]-N-cn-
∏n-®-Xv, A-Sp-Ø-bmƒ J-Wv-Un-
°m≥ {i-an-®p, ]-I-cw hy-Xy-
kv-X-am-b H-cp B-i-bw k-Xyw
F-∂-\n-e-bn¬ D-Zv-tLm-jn-®p.
C-Xn¬ G-Xp a-lm-flm-hn-s\-
bm-Wv \mw sX-c-s™-Sp-t°-
≠-Xv? C-Xn¬ B-cm-Wv i-cn,
B-cm-Wv sX-‰v F-∂v \-Ωƒ F-
ß-s\ Xn-cn-®-dn-bpw? \-Ωp-sS
hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn¬ i-¶-cm-Nm-cy-
sc Ip-dn-®p-≈ ]mT-߃ ]Tn-
∏n-°p-tºmƒ, A-t±-l-sØ H-
cp ssZ-h-am-bn-´m-Wv Ip-´n-I-fp-
sS ap-∂n¬ A-[ym-]-I¿ A-h-
X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. A-t±-lw sa-
Xn-b-Sn-bpw [-cn-®p-sIm-≠v tKm-
Zm-h-cn \-Zn-°p Ip-dp-sI \-S-∂p-
sh-∂m-Wv ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
t\m-°q, X-Xz-Nn-¥m-cw-K-sØ
D-∂-X-\m-b Cu b-Ym¿-∞ a-
\p-jy≥, {ip-Xn-bn-epw kv-ar-Xn-
bn-ep-am-bn Nn-X-dn-°n-S-∂-h-sb-
√mw H-cp-an-®p Iq-́ n-b, cm-Py-Øv
th-Zm-¥-Øn-s‚ G-‰-hpw I-cp-
Ø-\m-b {]-tbm-‡m-hv ˛ A-
t±-l-sØ ssZ-h-am-bn {]-Jym-
]n-t°-≠n h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Im-
c-Ww A-t±-l-sØ ssZ-h-am-
°m-sX X-c-an-√. ]p-cm-X-\-Im-
e-Øv, B-i-b-hm-Z X-Xz-Nn-¥-
I-cp-sS C-S-bn¬ H-cp h-g-°w
D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F-t∏mƒ H-cmƒ
hn-⁄m-\ im-kv-{Xw, ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I `u-Xn-I-hm-Zw,
hn-π-h- Po-hn-Xw F-∂n-h-sb-∏-‰n
(tijw 9˛mw t]Pn¬)
k -ap-∂-X am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv X-Xz-Nn-¥-I-\pw F-kv-bp-kn-sF(-I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv) ]m¿-´n-bp-sS ÿm-]-I P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn-bp-am-b k-Jm-hv in-_v-Zm-kv tLm-jv 1967 ¬
I¬-°-Ø-bn¬ \-S-∂ H-cp kv-Iqƒ Hm-^v s]m-fn-‰n-Iv-kn¬, hn-⁄m-\ im-kv-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®pw ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I `u-Xn-I-hm-Z-sØ B-g-Øn¬ hn-i-I-e-\w sN-
bv-Xp-sIm-≠pw \-S-Øn-b {]-kw-K-am-Wv "hn-⁄m-\ im-kv-{Xw, ssh-cp-≤ym-fl-I`u-Xn-I-hm-Zw, hn-π-h- Po-hn-Xw F-∂n-h-sb-∏-‰n' F∂ Ir-Xn-°v B-[m-c-am-bn-´p-
≈Xv. A-Xn-s‚ a-ebm-f ]-cn-`m-jbpsS aq∂mw ̀ m-K-am-Wv Cu e-°-Øn¬ sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv. ssP-h-]-cn-Wmaw, ]-Zm¿-∞hpw Nn-¥bpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ _‘w,
X-Xz-Nn-¥-bp-sS [¿Ωw, kn-≤m-¥hpw {]-tbm-K-hpw Xp-Sßn-b hn-j-b-ß-fm-WvCXn¬ {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv.
sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019 9
a-s‰m-cm-sf hm-Z-Øn¬ tXm¬-
∏n-°p-∂p-thm, A-t∏mƒ hn-P-
bn-®-bmƒ A-h-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp-
∂p, -Rm≥ kzo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-
cn-°p-∂p, a-t‰-bmƒ ÿm-\-{`-
jv-S-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p ̨ A-ß-s\
F-s‚ B-[n-Im-cn-I-X C-Xn-
\m¬ ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
∂p. C-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-
°m-e-Øv H-cp k-Xy-Øn-s‚
ÿm-\-Øv a-s‰m-∂v ÿm-]n-°-
s∏-´-Xv. k-Xyw H-cn-°-epw ]-
co-£-W-Øn-s‚-tbm hn-i-I-e-
\-Øn-s‚-tbm am¿-§-Øn¬
ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. A-Xv
B-h-iy-am-bn tXm-∂n-b-Xp-an-√.
A-h¿-°v A-Xv th-W-sa-∂p-
≠m-bn-√. Cu ho-£-W-Øn¬,
hn-⁄m-\ im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚(T-heory of Knowledg-e) ta-J-e-
bn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-kw H-cp A-Sn-
ÿm-\ hn-j-bw D-b¿-Øp-∂p.
A-Xm-b-Xv, F-√mw ]-co-£-W-
Øn-s‚-bpw N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚-bpw
A-\p-̀ -h-Øn-s‚-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-
\-Øn¬ th-Ww hn-e-bn-cp-
Øm≥, A-√m-sX G-sX-¶n-epw
H-cp hy-‡n-bp-sS tXm-∂-en-s‚-
tbm B-i-b-Øn-s‚-tbm ]p-d-
Øv B-I-cp-Xv.
]-co-£-W-ß-fn-epw sX-‰p-
Iƒ kw-`-hn-°m-sa-∂v th-W-
sa-¶n¬ H-cmƒ-°v hm-Zn-°mw. i-
cn-bm-Wv, H-cp ^-e-\n¿-Æ-b-
Øn¬ F-Øn-t®-cp-∂-Xn-\m-bp-
≈ hm-Z-{]-Xn-hm-Z-ß-fpw, ]-cym-
tem-N-\-I-fpw, ]-co-£-W-hpw
A-t\z-j-W-hpw H-s° D-s≠-
∂v h-cn-In-epw, sX-‰p-Iƒ kw-
`-hn-°mw. tNm-Zyw C-Xm-Wv ˛
G-Xn-em-Wv sX-‰p-Iƒ h-cp-Øp-
hm-\p-≈ Iq-Sp-X¬ km-[y-X-bp-
≈-Xv, H-cmƒ, A-bm-sf-{X a-
lm-\m-sW-¶n¬ X-s∂-bpw, A-
bm-fp-sS hy-‡n-]-c-am-b hn-izm-
k-hpw t_m-[y-hpw am-{Xw \-
Ωƒ B-[m-c-am-°p-∂-Xn-tem,
A-tXm, ]-co-£-W-hpw A-\p-
`-h-hpw, hn-a¿-i-\m-fl-I-am-b
hn-i-I-e-\-hpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-
°p-∂-Xn-tem? Zz-μzm-fl-I `u-
Xn-I-hm-Zw C-Xn¬ c-≠m-a-sØ
co-Xn-bm-Wv B-{i-bn-t°-≠-Xv
F-∂-Xn¬ D-d-®p \n¬-°p-∂p.
Im-c-Ww, sX-‰n-\p-≈ km-[y-X-
Iƒ Cu co-Xn-bn¬ h-f-sc Ip-
d-hm-Wv. am-{X-hp-a-√, sX-‰p-Iƒ
kw-`-hn-®m-epw, A-Xv Xn-cp-Øp-
hm-\p-≈ h-gn-bpw Cu co-Xn-bn-
eq-sS am-{X-ta I-s≠-Øm-\m-
Iq, A-√m-sX H-cm-fp-sS hy-‡n-
]-c-am-b hn-izm-k-sØ A-Sn-
ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn Xo¿-®-bm-bpw
A-Xn-\p km-[n-°p-I-bn-√. H-cp
hy-‡n-bp-sS kz-Im-cy-am-b
t_m-[y-sØ B-{i-bn-°p-∂-
Xn-em-Wv sX-‰p h-cp-Øm-\p-≈
km-[y-X Iq-Sp-X-em-bn D-≠m-
Ip-∂-Xv. F-∂m¬, ]-co-£-W-
Øn-s‚-bpw hn-a¿-i-\m-fl-I-am-
b hn-i-I-e-Øn-s‚-bpw A-Sn-
ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ \n-K-a-\-tam
kzmw-io-I-c-W-tam F-∂-tØ-
°pw km-[p-hm-I-W-sa-∂n-√m-
sb-∂pw, A-Xv sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-
tS-≠-Xp-s≠-∂-Xpw \mw Hm¿-
°-Ww. Im-c-Ww, ssI-h-∂ ̂ -
e-sØ {]-tbm-K-Øn¬ sIm-
≠p-h-tc-≠-Xp-≠v, A-√m-sX
A-Xv Nm-cp-I-tk-c-I-fn¬ C-cp-
∂p-≈ N¿-®-Iƒ-°v th-≠n-bp-
≈-X-√. F-t∏mƒ H-cp B-i-b-
sØ {]-tbm-K-Øn¬ sIm-≠p-
h-cp-∂p-thm, bm-Ym¿-∞y-hp-am-
bp-≈ kw-L¿-jw A-hn-sS A-
\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. bm-Ym¿-∞y-hp-
am-bp-≈ Cu k-a-c-Øn-eq-sS,
ssI-h-cn-® ̂ -ew i-cn-tbm sX-
t‰m F-∂v ]-cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Spw.
Cu ]-cn-tim-[-\ X-s∂ A-¥n-
a-am-sW-∂-Xpw i-cn-bm-b H-cp
a-\- n-em-°-e-√. F-∂m¬ B-
i-b-hm-Z X-Xz-im-kv-{X-ß-fn¬,
k-Xyw C-ß-s\ ]-co-£n-®p hn-
P-bn-®p-thm F-∂ tNm-Zy-ta D-
Zn-°p-∂n-√. C-Xv Cu cw-K-Øv
c-k-I-c-am-b hn-tcm-[m-`m-k-am-
Wv kr-jv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v \n-
߃-°p Im-Wmw. B-i-b-hm-
Z X-Øz-Nn-¥-bn¬, ssh-Zy-∑m-
cp-sS F-Æ-tØm-fw X-s∂ Hu-
j-[-°p-dn-∏p-I-fp-ap-≠v. B-i-b-
hm-Zn-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-se \n-co-iz-c-
hm-Zn-I-fpw X-ß-fp-sS hym-Jym-
\-ß-fn¬ hy-Xy-kv-X-cm-Wv. B-
i-b-hm-Z X-Øz-Nn-¥-bn¬ C-
Ø-cw Im-cy-߃ kw-`-hn -
°mw, Im-c-Ww A-Xn-se F-√m
B-i-b-ß-fpw [m-c-W-I-fpw hy-
‡n-K-X {K-l-W-Øn-epw t_m-
[y-Øn-epw \n-∂v hn-I-kn-°p-
∂-Xm-Wv. F-∂m¬ C-tX Im-
cyw im-kv-{X-Øn¬ kw-̀ -hn-°p-
∂n-√. ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS kn-≤m-
¥w Cw-•-≠n-ep-≈-Xp X-s∂-
bm-Wv P-∏m-\n-epw, C-¥y-bn-
epw A-Xv hy-Xy-kv-X-am-In-√.
hy-Xy-kv -X-ß-fm-b hn-hn-[
ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ H-tc {]-Xn-`m-k-
Øn-\v, hy-Xy-kv-X-ß-fm-b A-
\-h-[n kn-≤m-¥-߃ A-Y-hm
hy-Xy-kv-X-ß-fm-b A-\-h-[n
hym-Jym-\-߃ D-≠m-hp-I km-
[y-a-√. im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ k-Xy-
sa-∂-Xv ]-co-£-W-Øn-eq-sS D-
d-∏n-® k-Xy-am-b-Xp sIm-≠v,
H-cp {]-tXy-I {]-iv-\-Øn-t\m,
im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ H-cp {]-tXy-I
ta-J-e-t°m, H-tc-sbm-cp {]-
tXy-I ^-e-tam H-scm-‰ k-Xy-
tam am-{X-ta km-[y-am-hp-I-bp-
≈q. ]-co-£-W-Øn-eq-sS sX-
fn-bn-°-s∏-´ H-cp im-kv-{X-k-
Xyw H-cn-°-epw sX-‰m-hp-I-bn-
√. ]-t£, ]-co-£-W-Øn-s‚
am¿-K-Øn-eq-sS H-cp ]p-Xn-b ta-
J-e sh-fn-®-Øp h-cn-I-bm-sW-
¶n-tem, Cu ]p-Xn-b ta-J-e-
bn¬ H-cp ]p-Xn-b \n-b-aw km-
[p-hm-bn Xo¿-∂m-tem, ]-g-b-Xv
Cu ]p-Xn-b ta-J-e-bn¬ A-
km-[p-hm-bn am-dp-tºm-gpw A-
Xv ]-g-b ta-J-e-bn¬ km-[p-
hm-bn Xp-S-cpw. Im-c-Ww, k-Xy-
sa-∂-Xv F-t∏m-gpw aq¿-Ø-hpw
k-hn-ti-j-hp-am-b k-Xy-am-Wv.
Cu A-Sn-ÿm-\-{]-am-W-sØ
F-Xn¿-°p-I-sb-∂m¬, im-kv-
{X-Øn-s‚ aq -ey -sØ-tbm,
ss\-Xn-I-X-tb-tbm F-Xn¿-°p-
I-sb-∂m-Wv. F-√m im-kv-{X-
ß-fp-tS-bpw D-Zv-{K-Y-\-Øn-s‚
A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ÿm-]n-®n-
cn-°p-∂ X-Øz-im-kv-{X-Øn-
\pw ˛ A-Xm-b-Xv, Zz-μm-fl-I
`u-Xn-I-hm-Z-Øn-\pw C-Xv X-
Øp-√y-am-bn _m-[-I-am-Wv.
tem-I-sØ hym-Jym-\n-°p-
I-sb-∂-Xv am-{X-a-√,
A-Xn-s\ am-‰p-I F-∂-Xm-Wv
b-Ym¿-∞ I¿-Ø-hyw
am¿-Iv-kn-k-hpw a-‰v X-Xz-Nn-
¥-I-fpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ hy-Xym-
kw sX-fn-®p-Im-́ n-s°m-≠v am¿-
Iv-kv H-cn-°¬ \n-co-£n-®-Xv, a-
s‰-√m X-Øz-Nn-¥-I-fpw \m-fn-
Xp-h-sc tem-I-sØ hym-Jym-
\n-°p-I am-{X-am-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv,
]-t£ A-Xn-s\ am-‰p-I F-∂-
Xm-Wv I¿-Ø-hyw. F-∂m¬
C-Xn¬ \n-∂pw, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-
Iƒ-°v tem-I-sØ hym-Jym-\n-
t°-≠ B-h-iy-an-√, A-h¿-°v
B-sI B-h-iyw tem-I-sØ
am-‰p-I-sb-∂-Xp am-{X-am-Wv F-
∂v B-sc-¶n-epw A-\p-am-\n-
®m¬, A-h¿ A-Sn-ÿm-\ B-
i-bw a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]-
cm-P-b-s∏-´p F-∂v ]-d-tb-≠n
h-cpw. a-dp-h-i-Øv, am¿-Iv-kn-k-
Øn-\p ap-ºp-≈ H-cp X-Øz-Nn-
¥-bpw tem-I-sØ am-‰p-∂-
Xn¬ bm-sXm-cp ]-¶pw \n¿-h-
ln-®n-√ F-∂v B-sc-¶n-epw I-
cp-Xn-bm¬ A-Xpw sX-‰m-Wv. N-
cn-{X-]-c-am-b `u-Xn-I-hm-Z-Øn-
s‚ i-cn-bm-b t_m-[yw A-Ø-
cw sX-‰m-b tXm-∂-ep-Iƒ-s°m-
∂pw C-S-bp-≠m-°p-∂n-√. Cu
\n-co-£-W-Øn-eq-sS am¿-Iv-kv
b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬ ]-d-bm≥ B-
{K-ln-®-sX-¥m-Wv? A-t±-lw
]-d-bm≥ B-{K-ln-®-Xv, Zz-μzm-
fl-I `u-Xn-I-hm-Zw \n¿-h-ln-
® ]-¶v a-s‰m-cp X-Øz-Nn-¥-
°pw sN-øm≥ km-[n-®n-√ F-
∂-Xm-Wv. `u-Xn-I-tem-I-Øn-
s‚ F-√m ta-J-e-I-fn-te-bpw
A-s√-¶n¬ F-√m {]-h¿-Ø-\-
cw-K-ß-fn-te-bpw am-‰-ß-sf \n-
b-{¥n-°p-∂ \n-b-a-ß-sf, im-
kv - {X -Øn-s‚ A-Sn -ÿm-\-
Øn¬ hn-a¿-i-\-]-c-am-bpw kq-
£v-a-am-bpw hn-e-bn-cp-Øp-I-
bpw, A-Xp-h-gn tem-I-sØ am-
‰p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ h-gn-Im-´n F-∂
\n-e-bn¬ H-cp k-a-{K-kw-hn-[m-
\-sØ hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-I-bpw
sN-bv-X-Xv Zz-μzm-fl-I `u-Xn-I-
hm-Z-am-Wv.
Iq-Sm-sX, ]-e B-i-b-hm-Z
X-Øz-Nn-¥-I-fpw {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv, Cu {]-]-©-sa-∂p ]-d-
bp-∂-Xv H-cp {]-Ir-Xym-Xo-X i-
‡n-bp-sS kr-jv-Sn-bm-sW-∂m-
Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠v, {]-Ir-Xn-bp-
am-bp-≈ k-a-c-Øn¬ a-\p-jy-
s‚ ]-¶n-s\ A-h¿ Im-Wp-∂-
Xv h-f-sc ]-cn-an-X-am-bn-´m-Wv.
a-\p-jy≥ {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS \n-b-
a-߃-°v hn-t[-b-\m-sW-∂pw
A-Xn-\m¬, X-s‚ B-h-iy-
߃-°m-bn {]-Ir-Xn-sb {]-
tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v t_m-
[-]q¿-hw Cu \n-b-a-߃-°p
ta¬ A-h-\v {]-h¿-Øn-°m-\m-
In-√ F-∂pw ]-d-bp-∂p. km-aq-
ly-im-k-\-ß-fpw Xn-́ q-c-ß-fpw
A-ew-L-\o-b-hpw am-‰m≥ ]-‰m-
Ø-Xpw B-bn-́ m-Wv Cu X-Øz-
Nn-¥-Iƒ ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.
A-h¿ a-\p-jy-\p \¬-In-b a-
s‰m-cp ]mTw, a-\p-jy≥ X-s‚
Zp-cn-X-ß-fp-sS i-a-\-Øn-\m-bn
k-l-\-i-‡n Iq-Sp-X¬ h-f¿-
∂v C-Xp-am-sb-√mw s]m-cp-Ø-
s∏-Sm≥ ]m-I-Øn¬ kz-bw am-
d-W-sa-∂p-am-Wv. C-Xm-Wv A-
h¿ A-Ø-c-sam-cp-am-‰w-sIm-≠v
A¿-∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-
≠p X-s∂ A-h-cp-sS ]-¶pw A-
Xn-\-\p-kr-X-am-Ip-∂p. {]-Ir-Xn-
bp-tS-bpw k-aq-l-Øn-s‚-bpw
\n-b-a-ß-sf kw-_-‘n-® im-
kv-{Xo-b-hpw k-a-{K-hp-am-sbm-cp
ho-£-W-Øm-epw [m-c-W-bm-
epw \-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-eq-sS, a-
\p -jy-\v {]-Ir-Xn -°p-ta¬
t_m-[-]q¿-hw {]-h¿-Øn-°m-
\m-Ip-sa-∂pw, km-[n-°p-∂n-S-
tØm-fw A-Xn-s‚ tZm-j-I-c-am-
b ^-e-߃ H-gn-hm-°n, X-s‚
t\-´-Øn-\m-bn A-Xn-s\ {]-
tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa-∂pw, B-
Zy-am-bn Im-Wn-®p X-∂-Xv Zz-μzm-
fl-I ̀ u-Xn-I-hm-Z-am-Wv. A-Xp-
t]m-se X-s∂, F-√m X-c-Øn-
ep-ap-≈ A-\o-Xn, Nq-j-Ww,
A-]-am-\w, F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-
s∂-√mw kz-bw tam-Nn-X-\m-°p-
hm-\pw, F-√m Zp-cn-X-ß-fpw H-
gn-hm-°p-hm-\pw, \n-e-\n¬-°p-
∂ km-aq-ly-kw-hn-[m-\-sØ
hn-π-h-I-c-am-bn ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-eq-sS km-[n-
°pw. Cu A¿-∞-Øn-em-Wv,
C-t∏mƒ tem-I-sØ am-‰p-∂-
Xm-Wv I¿-Ø-hyw F-∂v Du-
∂n-∏-d-™-Xv. A-Xm-b-Xv, km-
aq-ln-I-hn-Im-k-Øn-s‚ N-cn-{X-
]-c-hpw im-kv-{Xo-b-hp-am-b [m-
c-W Ir-Xy-am-bn a-\- n-em-°n,
{]-Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-߃-°pw km-aq-
ln-I B-h-iy-I-X-Iƒ-°pw a-
Xn-bm-b Aw-Ko-Im-cw \-Ωƒ
\¬-Ip -I-bm -sW-¶n¬, A-
t∏mƒ am-{X-ta tem-I-sØ am-
‰p-I-bm-Wv C-t∏m-g-sØ I¿-
Ø-hyw F-∂ B-lzm-\-Øn-\v
F-s¥-¶n-epw A¿-∞w D-≠m-
hp-I-bp-≈q. Cu A¿-∞-Øn-
em-Wv, {]-tbm-Kw A-hn-`m-Py-
amw-hn-[w Iq-´n -t®¿-Øn-s√-
¶n¬ -A-dn-bp-I- F-∂-Xv
A¿-∞-iq-\y-am-Wv, F-∂v am¿-
Iv-kn-kw Du-∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xv. \-
ap-°v tem-I-sØ am-‰-Ww, \-
ap-°v kz-bw am-d-Ww, \-ap-°v
am-‰-Øn-s‚ ]m-X-bn¬ a-\p-
jy¿ F-∂ \n-e-bn-ep-≈ \-Ωp-
sS t_m-[-]q¿-h-am-b ]-¶v \n¿-
h-ln-°-Ww. tem-I-sØ A-dn-
bp-hm-\p-≈ \-Ωp-sS Xz-c C-
Xn¬ \n-∂p-f-hm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.
am¿-Iv-kn-kw A-Y-hm Zz-μzm-fl-
I ̀ u-Xn-I-hm-Zw ]-cn-t]m-jn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xn-s‚ b-Ym¿-∞ {]m-[m-
\yw C-Xn¬ A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. X-߃-°m-hp-∂-Xp t]m-
se tem-I-sØ A-dn-bm≥ Xp-
(tijw 10˛mw t]Pn¬)
(8˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
{]-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp-≈ k-a-c-Øn-s‚-bpw kw-L¿-j-Øn-s‚-bpw ]m-X-bn¬ H-cp L-´-Øn¬ a-\p-jy≥
D-Xv-]m-Z-\-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-´p. C-Xv c-≠v X-c-Øn-ep-≠v; `u-Xn-I D-Xv-]m-Z-\-hpw B-flo-b D-Xv-]m-Z-\-
hpw. \-Ωp-sS Nn-¥-Iƒ, B-i-b-߃, aq-ey-߃,B-Z¿-i-߃, X-Øz-Nn-¥ ˛ C-h-sb-√mw B-flo-
b D-Xv-]m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ hn-`m-K-Øn¬ s]-Sp-∂p. `u-Xn-tIm-Xv-]m-Z-\-Øn-\p-≈ Xz-c A-Xn-s‚ Iq-sS B-
flo-b D-Xv-]m-Z-\-hpw sIm-≠p-h-∂p. C-h ]-c-kv-]-cw kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p. ]-t£, A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-bn h¿-
Øn-°p-∂-Xv `u-Xn-tIm-Xv-]m-Z-\w X-s∂-bm-Wv.
F-√m im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS-bpw D-Zv-{K-Y-\-Øn-eq-sS \n-e-hn¬-h-∂X-Xz-im-kv-{X-amWv Zz-μzm-fl-I `u-Xn-I-hm-Z-w
10 sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019
S-°w sXm-t´ a-\p-jy-cm-in ]-
cn-{i-an-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,
A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®v {]-h¿-Øn-®n-
√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, a-\p-jy-k-
aq-l-Øn-\v H-cp Np-h-Sp t]m-epw
ap-t∂m-́ p sh-°p-hm-\m-Ip-am-bn-
cp-∂n-√. Iq-Sm-sX, \-Ω-fn-t∏mƒ
sN-øp-∂-Xp t]m-se, hn-⁄m-
\-Øn-s‚-bpw im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚-
bpw X-Xz-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚-bpw
hn-hn-[ h-i-ß-sf Ip-dn-®p-≈
N¿-®-Iƒ \-S-Øp-hm-\p-≈ A-
h-k-c-hpw \-ap-°v D-≠m-In-√m-
bn-cp-∂p. C-Xn¬ \n-∂pw \-Ωp-
sS a-\- n-\p-≠m-Ip-∂ k-t¥m-
jw D-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√, \-ap-
°-Xv B-kz-Zn-°m≥ km-[n-°p-
am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
{]-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp-≈ a-\p-jy-
s‚ k-a-c-Øn-s‚-bpw kw-L¿-
j-Øn-s‚-bpw ]m-X-bn¬ A-
h≥ kr-jv-Sn-®-Xn-s\-bm-Wv D-
Xv-]m-Z-\w F-∂p hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv.
D-Xv-]m-Z-\w c-≠v X-c-Øn-ep-≠v:
H-∂v ̀ u-Xn-I D-Xv-]m-Z-\w, c-≠m-
a-tØ-Xv B-flo-b D-Xv-]m-Z-\w.
\-Ωp-sS Nn-¥-Iƒ, B-i-b-
߃, aq -ey-߃, B-Z¿-i-
߃, X-Øz-Nn-¥ ˛ C-h-sb-
√mw B-flo-b D-Xv-]m-Z-\-Øn-
s‚ hn-̀ m-K-Øn¬ s]-Sp-∂p. ̀ u-
Xn-tIm-Xv-]m-Z-\-Øn-\p-≈ Xz-c
A-Xn-s‚ Iq-sS B-flo-b D-Xv-
]m-Z-\-hpw sIm-≠p h-∂p. ho-
≠pw, H-∂v a-s‰m-∂n-s\ kzm-
[o-\n-°p-∂p, Xn-cn-sI-bpw ]-c-
kv-]-cw kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p. ]-
t£, A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-bn h¿-Øn-
°p-∂-Xv `u-Xn-tIm-Xv-]m-Z-\w
X-s∂-bm-Wv. \-Ωp-sS A-Sn-
ÿm-\ B-h-iy-߃ ]q¿-Øo-
I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v Po-hn-°p-hm-\p-
≈ B-{K-lw \-ap-°p-≠v. Cu
B-h-iy-Øn¬ \n-∂m-Wv D-Xv-
]m-Z-\-kw-hn-[m-\w cq-]o-I-cn-
°p-hm-\p-≈ B-h-iyw D-≠m-
Ip-∂-Xv. B D-Xv-]m-Z-\-kw-hn-
[m-\w cq-]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn
{]-Ir-Xn-bn-se hn-]-co-X-i-‡n-
Iƒ-s°-Xn -tc-bp -≈ k-a-c -
Øn¬ \mw G¿-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-
≠v. \-Ωp-sS D-Xv-]m-Z-\-kw-hn-
[m-\-hpw Po-hn-X-ssi-en-bpw
Cu k-a-c-Øn-eq-sS hn-I-kn-®-
Xm-I-bm¬ \-Ωp-sS B-flo-b
D-Xv-]m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ cw-K-hpw C-
tXm-sSm-∏w hn-I-kn-®p. \-Ωƒ
a-\- n-em-t°-≠ a-s‰m-cp Im-
cyw, G-sXm-cp a-\p-jy-Nn-¥-bp-
tS-bpw D-Z-b-Øn-\p ap-ºv, B
Nn-¥m-{]-{In-b-bp-sS h-f¿-®-°v
B-h-iy-am-b ]-Zm¿-∞ tN-cp-
h-Iƒ k-aq-l-Øn¬ B-Zyw
kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-Spw. Ir-Xy-am-bpw
Cu Im-c-Ww sIm-≠m-Wv, h-
f-sc a-l-Zv-hy-‡n-Xz-ß-fm-bn-cp-
∂n-́ p Iq-Sn, Ku-X-a _p-≤-t\m,
l-{k-Øv ap-l-Ω-Zn-t\m, tb-ip-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-t\m, A-h-cp-sS Im-
e-Øv B-t]-£n-I-Xm kn-≤m-
¥w I-≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ I-gn-bm-
Xn-cp-∂-Xv. sF≥-Ão≥ A-h-tc-
°mƒ h-en-b {]-Xn-`m-im-en
B-bn-cp-∂-Xp sIm-≠m-tWm
A-ß-s\ kw-`-hn-®-Xv? B-cpw
A-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn-°n-√. Cu Im-
cy-Øn-s‚ i-cn-bm-b a-\- n-em-
°¬ F-s¥-∂m¬, A-h-cn-tem-
tcm-cp-Ø-cpw A-h-c-h-cp-sS Im-
e-sØ G-‰-hpw t{i-jvT-\m-b
Nn-¥-I-\pw {]-Xn-̀ m-im-en-bpw a-
lm-flm-hpw B-bn-cp-∂p. A-h-
cn-tem-tcm-cp-Ø-cp-tS-bpw Nn-¥-
I-fpw hn-i-I-e-\-ti-jn-bpw [n-
j-W-bpw {]-[m-\-am-bpw A-∂-
sØ km-aq-ly-km-l-N-cy-߃-
°pw, A-h-c-h-cp-sS Im-e-L-´-
Øn-se aq¿-Ø-am-b km-l-N-
cy-߃-°pw A-\p-k-cn-®v hn-I-
kn-®-Xm-Wv. Hm-tcm Im-e-L-´-
Øn-te-bpw G-‰-hpw D-∂-X-am-
b Nn-¥-Iƒ, A-Xm-Xv Im-e-L-
´-Øn-se G-‰-hpw a-lm-∑m-cm-
b Nn-¥-I-cm¬ {]-Xn-^-en-∏n-
°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, B Im-e-L-´-
Øn-se Nn-¥-I-fp-sS ]-cn-[n-I-
sf \n¿-h-Nn-°p-∂p. Rm≥ B-
h¿-Øn-°-s´, km-aq-ln-I-km-
l-N-cyw, Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ \n-e-
\n¬-°p-∂ aq¿-Ø-am-b km-l-
N-cy-߃, A-Xm-Wv A-h-cp-sS
Nn-¥-Iƒ-°pw B-i-b-߃-
°pw ]-cn-[n \n-›-bn-°p-∂-Xv.
C-Xm-Wv i-cn-bm-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv
[m-c-W-bpw k-ao-]-\-hpw. D-∂-
X-cm-b A-\-h-[n im-kv-{X-⁄-
cpw X-Øz-Nn-¥-I-cpw t]m-epw
Cu Im-cy-Øn-\p ta¬ Ip-g-ßn-
bn-´p-≠v.
am¿-Iv-kn-k-sa-∂-Xv H-cp
hn-I-kn-°p-∂
X-Øz-im-kv-{X-am-Wv
Cu am¿-Iv-kn-b≥ k-ao-]-
\-Øn-s‚ i-cn-bm-b {Km-lyw
H-cp Im-cyw Iq-Sn t_m-≤y-s∏-
Sp-Øpw. \q-dp h¿-jw ap-ºp-≈
am¿-Iv-kn-s‚ kz-¥w [m-c-W-
bpw, \q-dp h¿-j-߃-°p ti-
j-ap-≈ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-I-fp-sS
[m-c-W-bpw H-∂-√, H-∂m-hp-I-
bp-an-√. Im-c-Ww A-Xv A-tX-
]-Sn-X-s∂ \n-e-sIm-≈p-I-b-√,
t_m-[y-hpw A-Xn-s‚ {]-Im-i-
\-hpw am-‰-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-Wv.
am¿-Iv-kn-k-Øn-s‚ D-]-⁄m-
Xm-hm-b Imƒ am¿-Iv-kv am¿-
Iv-kn-k-Øn-s‚ b-Ym¿-∞ k-
Ø-sb, X-s‚ kz-¥w Im-e-L-
´-Øn-s‚-bpw, A-∂-sØ km-
aq-ly-km-l-N-cy-ß-fp-tS-bpw
ho-£-W-Øn¬ a-\- n-em-°n-
bn-cp-∂p. B [m-c-W-°v, am-dp-
∂ Im-e-ß-fn-epw am-dn-b ]p-
Xn-b km-l-N-cy-ß-fn-epw, \n-
›-e-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-I km-
[y-a-√. B [m-c-W am-dp-I-bpw
]-cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw
sN-øp-∂p. am¿-Iv-kn-k-sØ
kw-_-‘n-®v F-s‚ X-s∂ Xp-
S-°-Im-e-sØ [m-c-W, Rm≥
A-Xv A-∂v a-\- n-em-°n-b co-
Xn, B Xp-S-°-Im-e-tØ-Xp
t]m-se \n-e-\n-∂n-√. A-Xv km-
[y-hp-a-√. Im-c-Ww, am¿-Iv-kn-
kw H-cp im-kv-{X-am-Wv. A-Xp-
sIm-≠p X-s∂, hn-hn-[ B-i-
b-{]-Im-i-\-ß-fpw, am¿-Iv-kn-k-
sØ Ip-dn-®p-≈ [m-c-W-I-fpw,
Iq-Sp-X¬ kv-]-jv-S-X-tbm-Spw
hy-‡-X-tbm-Spw Ir-Xy-X-tbm-
Spw hn-i-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
A-Xn-s\ Iq-Sp-X¬ hn-izm-k-
tbm-Ky-hpw, Iq-Sp-X¬ Xp-f-
™p-I-b-dp-∂-Xpw, J-Wv-Un-X-
am-bpw am-t‰-≠-Xp-≠v. H-cn-°-
epw C-Xn-\¿-∞w, ]-cn-t]m-jn-
∏n-°p-∂p F-∂ t]-cn¬ am¿-
Iv-kn-k-sØ h-f-s®m-Sn-°p-I-
sb-t∂m, hn-I-kn-∏n-°-Ww F-
∂ ap-d-hn-fn-tbm-sS am¿-Iv-kn-k-
Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-ß-
sf ]p-\x-]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I-sb-
t∂m A-√ ˛ tem-I-sam-´m-sI-
bp-≈ Xn-cp-ج-hm-Zn-Iƒ C-
∂p \n¿-h-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂ lo-\-am-b I¿-Ωw C-Xm-Wv.
A-X-√ Rm≥ D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv.
B tNm-Zy-ta D-Zn-°p-∂n-√. F-
s‚ A-`n-{]m-bw F-s¥-∂m¬,
am¿-Iv-kn-k-Øn-s‚ ]mT-߃
X-s∂ A-\p-k-cn-®v, am¿-Iv-kn-
k-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-ß-
sf kw-_-‘n-® A-Xn-s‚ C-
∂-sØ [m-c-W, am¿-Iv-kn-\p
ti-jw \q-dp h¿-jw ]n-∂n-Sp-
tºmƒ, ]-g-b A-tX X-e-
Øn¬ X-s∂ \n-e-sIm-≈m≥
km-[n-°p-I-bn-√. im-kv-{X-Øn-
s‚ hn-hn-[ ta-J-e-I-fn¬ A-
\-h-[n ]p-Xn-b I-≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-
߃ \-S-°p-tºmƒ, km-º-
Øn-I-hpw cm-jv-{So-b-hp-am-b ta-
J-e-I-fn¬ am-‰-߃ kw-`-hn-
°p-tºmƒ, X-Zv-^-e-am-bn hn-π-
h-ap-t∂-‰-ß-fn-epw h¿-K-k-a-c-
ß-fn-epw ]p-Xn-b ]mT-ß-fpw
A-\p-̀ -h-ß-fpw Ip-an-™p-Iq-Sp-
tºmƒ, Zz-μzm-fl-I-co-Xn-bn-eq-
sS Cu ]p-Xn-b L-S-I-ß-sf-
sb-√mw k-am-l-cn-®pw tIm¿-
Øn-W-°n-bpw, Zz-μzm-fl-I `u-
Xn-I-hm-Z-Øn-s‚ hn-Im-k-hpw
]-cn-t]m-j-W-hpw A-\n-hm-cy-am-
bpw kw-`-hn-°pw. A-ß-s\,
am¿-Iv-kn-kw F-∂ im-kv-{X-
Øn-s‚ k-ºq¿-W-am-b hn-Im-
k-Øn-s‚ Xm-Xv-]-cym¿-∞w, H-
cp {]-tXy-I k-a-b-Øv, H-cp {]-
tXy-I ta-J-e-bn¬, A-Xn-s‚
{]-Im-i-\-co-Xn-tbm {]-Im-i-\-
ssi-en-tbm, A-Xn-s‚ hn-Im-k-
Øn-s‚ K-Xn-bn¬ am-td-≠-Xm-
Wv. Im-cy-߃ Cu co-Xn-bn¬
a-\- n-em-°n-bn-s√-¶n¬ am¿-Iv-
kn-k-Øn-\v hn-I-kn-®p ap-t∂m-
´p t]m-Im≥ km-[n-°p-I-bn-√.
C-Xv Cu co-Xn-bn-em-Wv kw-`-
hn-°p-∂-Xv, `m-hn-bn-epw C-ß-
s\ X-s∂ kw-`-hn-°p-I-bpw
sN-øpw. Im-c-Ww am¿-Iv-kn-kw
H-cp im-kv-{X-am-Wv. A-s√-¶n¬
am¿-Iv-kn-kw A-Xn-s‚ A-¥y-
Øn-se-Øp-sa-∂-Xv Xo¿-®-bm-
Wv. Rm≥ D-t±-in-®-sX-s¥-
∂m¬, a-s‰m-cp co-Xn-bn¬ ]-d-
bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ am¿-Iv-kn-kw
F-∂ im-kv-{Xw \n-c-¥-cw B-
i-b-ß-sf kv-]-jv-S-am-°n, A-
h-sb Iq-Sp-X¬ hy-‡-hpw aq¿-
®-tb-dn-b-Xp-am-bn am-‰n-s°m-≠v
ap-t∂-td-≠-Xp-≠v. C-Xn¬ ]-
cm-P-b-s∏-́ m¬, A-Xv sh-dpw h-
c-´p-X-Xz-hm-Z-am-bn A-[x-]-Xn-
°pw. Rm≥ C-°m-cyw F-s‚
kz-¥w `m-j-bn¬ ]-d-bp-I-bm-
Wv. am¿-Iv-kpw Gw-K¬-kpw \-
ap-°v am¿-Iv-kn-k-Øn-s‚ A-
Sn-ÿm-\-]mT-߃ X-∂p, Hm-
tcm cm-Py-Øp-ap-≈ am¿-Iv-kn-
Ãp-I-fp-sS I¿-Ø-hyw Cu im-
kv-{X-sØ F-√m Zn-i-I-fn-epw
]-cn-t]m-jn-∏n-®p hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-
I F-∂-Xm-Wv ˛ C-Xm-Wv h-f-
sc ap-t∂ se-\n≥ \-sΩ ]Tn-
∏n-® ]mTw
Nn-¥-bp-sS B-t]-£n-I-
kzm-X-{¥yw
a-\- pw ]-Zm¿-∞-hpw X-Ωn-
ep -≈ _-‘-sØ-°p -dn -® v
Rm≥ h-f-sc hn-i-Z-am-bn kw-
km-cn-®n-cp-∂p. ]-Zm¿-∞-tem-I-
am-Wv {]-Y-aw. a-\- v, B-i-b-
߃, Nn-¥-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-
sb-√mw ]-Zm¿-∞-Øn-s‚ sh-
dpw D-Xv-∏-∂-߃ am-{X-am-Wv
F-∂-Xpw Rm≥ hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®n-
cp-∂p. C-Xp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-́ H-
cp h-iw Iq-Sn ]-cm-a¿-in-°m≥
Rm≥ B-{K-ln-°p-∂p. C-sX-
√mw ˛ a-\- v, B-i-bw, B-Z¿-
iw F-∂v Xp-S-ßn ]-d-bm-hp-∂-
sX-√mw ̨ k-aq-l-Øn¬ D-Z-bw
sN-bv-X-t∏mƒ, A-Xm-b-Xv, Nn-
¥-I-fpw B-i-b-ß-fpw k-aq-l-
Øn¬ D-b¿-∂p h-∂-t∏mƒ,
k-aq-l-tØ-bpw `u-Xn-I-tem-
I-tØ-bpw A-h Xn-cn-sI kzm-
[o-\n-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn. C-Xn-\¿-
∞w, `u-Xn-I-am-b A-Sn-Ø-d-
bn¬ \n-∂pw D-b¿-∂p h-cp-∂
B-i-b-Øn-\pw Nn-¥-°pw, D-
b¿-∂p h-∂-Xn-\p ti-jw A-
Xn-t‚-Xm-b B-t]-£n-I kzm-
X-{¥y-ap-≠v F-∂m-Wv. D-b¿-
∂p h-cp-tºmƒ, Nn-¥-bpw B-
i-b-hpw k-aq-l-tØ-bpw `u-
Xn-I-tem-I-tØ-bpw, Xn-cn-®pw,
Zz-μzm-fl-I co-Xn-bn¬ kzm-[o-
\n-°p-∂p. H-cp D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn
]-d-bmw, kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\p ti-
jw \-Ωp-sS cm-Py-Øv hy-h-km-
b-hpw Ir-jn-bpw A-S-ßp-∂ ap-
gp-h≥ k-º-Zv-hy-h-ÿ-bpw ap-
X-em-fn-Ø-kz-`m-hw B¿-÷n-
®p F-∂-Xm-Wv h-kv-Xp-X-sb-
¶n-epw, Nn-¥m-{I-aw, B-i-b-
߃, s]-cp-am-‰w, io-e-߃
Xp-S-ßn-b a-Wv-U-e-ß-fn-se-
√mw P-∑n-Ø A-h-ti-jn-∏p-
Iƒ \n-e-\n-∂p. A-Sn-Ø-d-bm-
bn ap-X-em-fn-Øw {]-Xy-£-s∏-
´n-́ pw, Nn-¥-I-fp-tS-bpw B-i-b-
ß-fp-tS-bpw a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬,
A-Xm-b-Xv D-]-cn-L-S-\-bn¬, P-
∑n-Ø B-i-b-߃ X-ßn-\n¬-
°p-∂-Xv Xp-S¿-∂p. C-Xn-\p Im-
c-Ww, B-i-b-߃, B-Z¿-i-
߃, Nn-¥-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bv-
s°-√m-ap-≈ B-t]-£n-I-am-b
kzm-X-{¥y-am-Wv. A-√m-sX A-
Xv km-[y-am-In-√. Cu Im-e-L-
´-Øn¬ C-t∏m-gpw k-aq-l-
Øn¬ \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ lo-\-
am-b, Im-e-l-c-W-s∏-´ P-∑n-
Ø A-h-ti-jn-∏p-I-sf C-√m-bv-
a sN-øp-∂-Xv, tkm-jy-en-Ãv hn-
π-h-Øn-s‚ B-Z¿-i-Øm¬ {]-
tNm-Zn-X-am-b, F-Xn¿ Zn-i-bn-ep-
≈ H-cp B-i-b-k-a-cw \-S-Øp-
∂-Xn-eq-sS-tb km-[y-am-Iq.
C-Xv Im-Wn-®p X-cp-∂-Xv,
(9˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
a-\- pw ]-Zm¿-∞-hpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ _-‘-Øn¬ ]-
Zm¿-∞-tem-I-am-Wv {]-Y-aw. a-\- v, B-i-b-߃,Nn-¥-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw ]-Zm¿-∞-Øn-s‚ sh-
dpw D-Xv-∏-∂-߃ am-{X-am-Wv. Nn-¥-I-fpw B-i-b-ß-fpw k-aq-l-Øn¬ D-b¿-∂p h-∂-t∏mƒ, k-aq-l-
sØ-bpw ̀ u-Xn-I-tem-I-sØ-bpw A-h Xn-cn-sI kzm-[o-\n-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn. C-Xn-\¿-∞w, ̀ u-Xn-I-am-b A-Sn-Ø-d-bn¬-\n-∂pw D-b¿-∂p-h-cp-∂ B-i-b-Øn-\pw
Nn-¥-°pw A-Xn-t‚-Xm-b B-t]-£n-I kzm-X-{¥y-ap-≠v F-∂m-Wv. Nn-¥-bpw B-i-b-hpw k-aq-l-tØ-
bpw ̀ u-Xn-I-tem-I-tØ-bpw, A-h Xn-cn-®pw, Zz-μzm-fl-I co-Xn-bn¬ kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p.
am¿-Iv-knksØ F-√m Zn-i-I-fn-tebv°pw hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-IF-∂-Xm-Wv IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-I-fp-sS I¿-Ø-hyw
(tijw 11˛mw t]Pn¬)
sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019 11
cm -Py-sØ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-
Øp-tam Im-iv-ao-cn-\p hn-I-k-
\w km-[y-am-°p-tam F-∂ hn-
j-b-ß-fn-te-°v I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
ap-ºp-X-s∂ Cu D-Ø-c-hv cq-
]-s∏-´-Xn-s‚-bpw \-S-∏m-°n-b-
Xn-s‚-bpw co-Xn-bn¬-Ø-s∂
A-¥¿-̀ -hn-°p-∂ Kp-cp-X-c-am-b
P-\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-cp-≤-X {]-Y-a-am-
bn ]-cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. {]-
kv-Xp-X ]-cn-tim-[-\ Cu \-S-
]-Sn-bp-sS e-£y-sØ-Ø-s∂
hy-‡-am-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw.
-B¿-°p-th-≠n-bm-tWm
Cu hn-I-k-\w sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-
Xv A-h-cn-sem-cm-tfm-Spt]m-epw
B¿-´n-°nƒ 370 d-±m-°p-∂-Xn-
s\ kw-_-‘n-®v N¿-® sN-
øm≥ tI-{μ-k¿-°m¿ ap-Xn¿-
∂n-√. G-Xv P-\-X-bp-sS \n-e-
\n¬-∏n-s\-bpw ̀ m-hn ̀ m-K-t[-b-
sØ-bpw kw-_-‘n-°p-∂-Xm-
tWm B P-\-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚
A-\p-a-Xn tX-Sm-sX, F-¥n-\v
H-c-`n-{]m-bw t]m-epw tNm-Zn-
°m-sX 370mw h-Ip-∏v d-±m-°n-
s°m-≠v Xn-I-™ A-[n-Im-c-
Zp¿-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn-\v t\-Xr-Xzw
\¬-In-b-h-cm-Wv A-gn-a-Xn-°pw
Ip-Spw-_-hm-gv-N-°p-sa-Xn-sc {]-
kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. h-en-b t\-´w
Im-iv-ao-cn-\p-≠m-Ip-sa-∂v A-h-
Im-i-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ B t\-́ -Øn-
s‚ t\-c-h-Im-in-I-fm-tI-≠-h¿-
°v Cu \-S-]-Sn H-cp t\-´-hpw
kr-jv-Sn-°n-√ F-∂m-Wv A-`n-
{]m-b-sa-¶n¬ hn-I-k-\-Øn-s‚-
bpw P-\-t£-a-Øn-s‚-bpw h-
en-b h¿-Ø-am-\-߃-°v H-c¿-
∞-hp-an-√. P-t\-—-sb-bpw P-\m-
`n-{]m-b-sØ-bpw tI-{μ-_n-μp-
hm-bn Im-Wm-sX-bp-≈ Xo-cp-
am-\w F-ß-s\-bm-Wv P-\-ß-
fp-sS ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-sS am¿-§-am-
hp-I. P-\-ß-sf hn-izm-k-Øn-
se-Sp-°m-sX-bpw H-∂-S-¶w P-
\-ß-sf {]-{In-b-bv-°p ]p-d-
Øp \n¿-Øn-bpw F-ßs\-bm-
Wv hn-I-k-\w km-[y-am-°p-I.
A-t∏mƒ k¿-°m¿ hn-i-Zo-I-
cn-°p-∂ hn-I-k-\w G-I-]-£o-
b-hpw A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v D-d-∏n-°mw.
{]-kv-Xp-X hn-I-k-\-Øn-s‚ h-
gn F-s¥-∂v C-Xn-t\m-S-Iw Aw-
_m-\n t]m-ep-≈ h≥-In-S Ip-
Ø-I-I-fp-sS hm-°p-I-fn-eq-sS
]p-d-Øp-h-∂pI-gn-™p. Aw-
_m-\n-°pw Iq-́ ¿-°pw h-gn-sbm-
cp-°m≥ Iq-Sn-bp-≈-Xm-Wv {]-
tXy-I ]-Z-hn d-±m-°-se-∂v A-
h-cp-sS {]-Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn-¬\n-
∂v \-ap-°v a-\- n-em-°mw. Cu
tIm¿-∏-td-‰v kw-Lw cm-Py-Øn-
s‚ Im-iv-ao-scm-gn-sI-bp-≈ -`m-
K-ß-fn¬ \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≈ \n-
t£-]-hpw Nq-j-W-hpw cm-Py-
sa-ºm-Spw kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂ Zp-c-¥-
sa-s¥-∂v P-\-߃ A-\p-`-hn-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-
Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-
\-ß-sf-bpw Im-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Im-cm-Kr-l-am-bn am-dn-b
Im-iv-ao¿
\n¿-`-b-am-bn A-`n-{]m-bw
tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A-h-k-cw
\¬-In-bm¬ Im-iv-ao¿ P-\-X-
bp-sS _lp`q-cn-]-£-hpw {]-
tXy-I ]-Z-hn d-±m-°-en-s\ \n-
cm-I-cn-°p-sa-∂p am-{X-a-√, A-
W-s]m-́ n-b {]-Xn-tj-[-hp-am-bn
A-h¿ sX-cp-hn¬ h-cp-sa-∂v
hy-‡-am-bn A-dn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-
sIm-≠m-Wv tI-{μ ̀ -c-W-Iq-Sw,
I¿-i-\-am-b I¿-^yp h-gn Im-
iv-ao-cn-s\ H-∂m-sI H-cp Im-cm-
Kr-l-am-°n am-‰n-b-Xv. 370˛mw h-
Ip-∏v d-±m-°¬ \-S-]-Sn-°v ap-
t∂m-Sn-bm-bn B-K-Ãv 4 ap-X¬
Im-iv-ao-cn-se hm¿-Øm hn-\n-a-
b _-‘-߃ ap-gp-h≥ hn-t—-
Zn-®p. sS-e-t^m¨ F-Iv-k-tN-
©p-Iƒ ap-gp-h≥ {]-h¿-Ø-\-
c-ln-X-am-°n-s°m-≠v em‚ v
t^m-Wp-Iƒ \n-›-e-am-°n.
sam-ss_¬-t^m-¨ tk-h-\-
hpw C‚¿-s\-‰pw d-±m-°n. sS-
en-hn-j≥ Nm-\¬ irw-J-e-I-
fpw ]-{X-am-[y-ß-fpw ]q-´n. Im-
iv-ao-cn-se cm-jv-{So-b t\-Xm-°-
sf ap-gp-h≥ ho-´p-X-S-¶-en-em-
°n. cm-Py-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-]-£
t\-Xm-°ƒ-°v Im-iv-ao¿ ÿn-
Xn-K-Xn-Iƒ t\-cn¬-°-≠v a-\-
n-em-°m-\p-≈ A-h-k-cw \n-
tj-[n -®p. hn -am -\-Øm-h-f -
Øn¬\n-∂p-X-s∂ A-h-sc a-
S-°n A-b-®p. tem-I-sØ G-
‰-hpw ssk-\n-I-h¬-°-cn-°-
s∏-́ {]-tZ-i-am-bn Im-iv-ao¿ am-
dn. C-t∏mƒ G-Xm-≠v H-cp am-
kw ]n-∂n-Sp-tºm-gpw Cu ÿn-
Xn-K-Xn-I-fn¬ Im-cy-am-b am-‰w
h-∂n-´n-√. em‚ v t^m-Wp-Iƒ
{]-h¿-Øn-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xm-bn
A-[n-Ir-X¿ A-dn-bn-®n-cp-∂p.
F-∂m¬ P-\-Po-hn-Xw km-[m-
c-W-\n-e-bn-te-°v a-S-ßn h-∂n-
´n-√ F-∂m-Wv dn-t∏m¿-´p-I-ƒ
kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ
Xp-d-s∂-¶n-epw hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ
F-Øn-t®-cm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ A-h
{]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂n-√. tdm-Uv K-
Xm-K-Xw ]q¿-Æ-am-bn kv-Xw-`n-
® H-cp {]-tZ-i-Øv `-£y-h-kv-
Xp-°-fp-sS-bpƒ-∏-sS-bp-≈ N-c-
°p-\o-°-hpw \n-e-®n-´p-≠m-I-
W-a-t√m. I-S-I-tºm-f-߃ H-
cp am-k-am-bn A-S-™p-In-S-°p-
I-bm-Wv. 70 e-£w P-\-ß-fn¬
`q-cn-]-£-Øn-\pw a-cp-∂pw `-
£-W-hpw F-ßs\-bm-Wv e-
`y-am-hp-I? X-S-hp-]p-≈n-Iƒ-
°pt]m-epw `-£-W-hpw a-cp-
∂pw e-`n-°pw. bp-≤-ap-J-Øp-
t]m-epw Nn-In¬-k A-\p-h-Zn-
°-s∏-Spw. F-∂m¬ Im-iv-ao-cn-
se P-\-߃-°v A-Xpw \n-tj-
[n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
370˛mw h-Ip-∏v Im-iv-ao¿
tIm¨-kv-‰n-‰yp-h‚ v
A-kw-_v-fn-bp-sS A-\p-a-Xn-
bn-√m-sX d-±m-°m-\m-hn-√
tI-{μ k¿-°m-cn-s‚ B-[n-
Im-cn-I A-`n-{]m-b-sa-∂ \n-e-
bn¬ \n-b-a a-{¥n c-hn i-¶¿
{]-km-Zv C≥-Uy-bn-se F-√m
]-{X-߃-°p-am-bn \¬-In-b
te-J-\-Øn¬ 370˛mw h-Ip-∏v
Xm¬-°m-en-I hy-h-ÿ-sb-∂
\n-e-bn-em-Wv ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-bn¬
Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-sX-∂v A-̀ n-{]m-
b-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. F-∂m¬ 370˛mw
h-Ip-∏n-s\ Xm¬-°m-en-I-am-°p-
∂ hy-h-ÿ C≥-Uy≥ `-c-W-
L-S-\-bn¬ F-hn-sS-bm-sW-∂v
A-t±-lw hy-‡-am-°n-bn-´n-√.
370˛mw h-Ip-∏v Xm¬-°m-en-I-am-
sW-∂p Im-Wn-°p-∂ bm-sXm-
∂pw C≥-Uy≥ ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-bn-
en-√ F-∂-Xm-Wv bm-Ym¿-∞yw.
-{]-ap-J ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I-
\pw ]-fl-`q-j¨ A-hm¿-Uv
tPm-Xm-hp-am-b _¬-cm-Pv ]p-cn
Po-hn-X-Øn-se F-¥p Im-cy-
Øn-epw h-gn-Im-́ m-\p-≈ H-cp hy-
h-ÿm-]n-X ho-£-W-am-b, {]-
Xy-b-im-kv-{Xw F-∂p \mw hn-
fn-°p-∂-Xn-\v, H-cp Zn-im-kq-N-
I-am-b ]-¶p-≠v. h¿-K-hn-`-Pn-X-
am-b H-cp k-aq-l-Øn-se G-
sXm-cp {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-hpw
Xo¿-®-bm-bpw H-cp h¿-K {]-Xy-
b-im-kv-{X-tam, h¿-K-Nn-¥-tbm
B-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xv ]-d-tb-≠
Im-cy-an-√-t√m. k-aq-l-Øn-s‚
]p-tcm-K-Xn-°m-bp-≈ k-a-c-
Øn¬ G-Xp {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{Xw
F-¥p ]-¶v h-ln-°p-sa-∂-Xv,
G-Xv {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-am-Wv i-
cn-bpw A-\p-]q-c-I-hpw, G-Xv {]-
Xy-b-im-kv-{X-am-Wv sX-‰v F-∂-
Xn-s\ B-{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. I-
Ωyq-Wn-Ãv {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]-
Xy-b-im-kv-{X-k-a-c-Øn-\v \¬-
In-bn-́ p-≈ {]-tXy-I {]m-[m-\y-
Øn-s‚ Im-c-Ww C-Xm-Wv. i-
cn-bm-b {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ap-≈
]m¿-´n, A-Xm-b-Xv {]-Xy-b-im-
kv-{X-]-c-am-bn G-‰-hpw D-∂-X-
\n-e-hm-cw ]p-e¿-Øp-∂ ]m¿-
´n-°p am-{X-ta, G-sXm-cp cm-Py-
Øn-epw hn-π-h-Øn-\p-≈ A-Sn-
Ø-d H-cp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ i-cn-
bm-b t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-Ip-hm-\pw,
hn-π-h-sØ hn-P-b-Øn-te-°v
\-bn-°m-\pw km-[n-°p-I-bp-
≈q. kw-L-S-\m-]-c-am-b A-Sn-
Ø-d, A-Xm-b-Xv, i-cn-bm-b {]-
Xy-b-im-kv-{X-sØ a-Xn-bm-b
kw-L-S-\m-i-‡n-bm-bn ]-cn-h¿-
Ø-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ th-≠ I-gn-
hv, {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ Ir-
Xy-X-sb B-{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
B-h¿-Øn-t°-≠ B-h-iy-an-
√, Cu Im-cyw sam-Ø-am-bpw
\n-›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv kn-≤m-
¥-Øn-s‚-bpw {]-tbm-K-Øn-
t‚-bpw i-cn-bm-b Zz-μm-fl-I
kw-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
hn-⁄m-\-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v
Iq-Sp-X¬ h-i-ß-fp-≠v. ]-t£
A-Xn-s‚ k-Ø-sb-∂-Xv {]-
tbm-K-Øn-s‚ am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-
Wv. {]-Ir-Xn-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ {]-
Xy-£-hpw ]-tcm-£-hp-am-b ]-
co-£-W-ß-fp-≠v. `u-Xn-I-im-
kv-{Xw, c-k-X-{¥w, Po-h-im-kv-
{Xw, Xp-S-ßn-b ta-J-e-I-fn-se
]-co-£-W-Øn-s‚ co-Xn H-cp
X-c-Øn-em-Wv. tPym-Xn-im-kv-
{X-Øn-se ]-co-£-W-co-Xn-Iƒ
hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b X-c-Øn-em-Wv.
Cu im-kv-{X-]-co-£-W-߃-
°v hn-hn-[ D-]-I-c-W-߃ ]T-
\-Øn-\m-bn B-h-iy-ap-≠v. t\-
cn-´p-≈ ]-co-£-W-Øn-\v ]-e-
X-c-Øn-ep-≈ D-]-I-c-W-߃ D-
]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. A-Xv ]-
t£ hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b H-cp Im-
cy-am-Wv. ]-t£ ]T-\-ta-J-e
F-¥p-X-s∂-bm-I-s´, F-√mw ]-
co-£-W-Øn-eq-sS sX-fn-bn-°-
s∏-Sm≥ _m-[y-ÿ-am-Wv. A-
√m-sX k-Xyw \n¿-Æ-bn-°m-
\m-In-√. {]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚-bpw
]-co-£-W-Øn-s‚-bpw Cu h-
iw am¿-Iv-kn-k-Øn-epw H-gn-hm-
°m-\m-Im-Ø-Xm-Wv. F-∂m¬
A-Xp-sIm-≠v Cu ]-co-£-W-
߃, {]-Ir-Xn-im-kv-{X-ß-fn¬
]-co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ \-S-Øp-
∂ ]-co-£-W-߃ t]m-se-
bm-sW-∂v \n-߃ I-cp-X-cp-Xv.
am¿-Iv-kn-k-Øn¬ {]-tbm-K-
Øn-\p \¬-Ip-∂ {]m-[m-\yw
Im-c-Ww, A-Xm-b-Xv F-√m kn-
≤m-¥-hpw {]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS
sX-fn-bn-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂ h-
kv-Xp-X aq-ew, kn-≤m-¥-hpw {]-
tbm-K-hpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ ]-c-kv-]-
c-{]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚ ]-¶n-s\-
°p-dn-®p-≈ i-cn-bm-b [m-c-W
D-≠m-tI-≠-Xv h-f-sc B-h-iy-
am-Wv.
(10˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
(tijw 12˛mw t]Pn¬)
(tijw A-Sp-Ø e-°-Øn¬)
370˛mw h-Ip-∏v d-±m°bXn-s\-Xnsc BKÃv 6\vB-e∏p-g SuWn¬ \-S-∂ {]-IS\w
Im --iv-ao-cn-\v {]-tXy-I ]-Z-hn \¬-In-s°m-≠p-≈ ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS 370˛mw h-Ip-∏pw ÿn-c-Xm-a-k-°m¿-°v {]-tXy-I A-h-Im-i-߃ \¬-Ip-∂ 35 F h-Ip-
∏pw d-±m-°n-s°m-≠p-≈ D-Ø-c-hv cm-jv-{S-]-Xn ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®-Xv C-°-gn-™ B-K-Ãv 5\v B-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \-S-]-Sn- cm-Py-sØ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-sW-∂m-Wv
kzm-X-{¥y-Zn-\-Øn-s‚ X-te-∂v H-c-`n-ap-J-Øn¬ {]-[m-\-a-{¥n A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv.kw-L-]-cn-hm¿ i-‡n-Iƒ Du-‰w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xm-I-s´, -H-cp cm-jv-{Sw H-cp `-c-W-
L-S-\ H-cp ]-Xm-I- F-∂ e-£y-Øn-te-°v \mw Ip-Xn-°p-I-bm-sW-∂m-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-hm-gv-N-°m-cpw A-gn-a-Xn-°m-cpw hn-I-k-\w X-S-™-h-cp-am-b cm-jv-{So-b-°m-
cn¬ \n-∂pw Im-iv-ao-cn-s\ tam-Nn-∏n-°p-I F-∂-Xm-Wv Cu \-S-]-Sn-bp-sS e-£y-sa-∂pw C-\n Im-iv-ao-cn¬ hn-I-k-\-Øn-s‚ Zn-\-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-am-Wv tI-
{μ-k¿-°m-cn-s‚ h-‡m-°ƒ {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
Imiv-ao¿: {]-iv-\hpw ]-cn-lm-chpw
12 sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019
A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ {]-kn-≤-am-b
"Im-iv-ao¿, I-em-]-Øn-te-°v-'
F∂ Ir-Xn-bn¬ C-{]-Im-cw ]-
d-bp-∂p: -C≥-Uy≥ tIm¨-kv-
‰n-‰yph‚ v A-kw-ªn-t°m A-
s√-¶n¬ Xp-S¿-∂p-h-cp-∂ ]m¿-
e-sa‚n-t\m B¿-´n-°nƒ 370 d-
±p-sN-øp-∂-Xn-t\m ]-cn-jv-I-cn-
°p-∂-Xn-t\m `-c-Wm-L-S-\m-]-
c-am-b A-h-Im-i-an-√. Cu A-
h-Im-iw tÃ-‰n-s‚ tIm¨-kv-
‰n-‰yph‚ v A-kw-ªn-°v am-{X-
ap-≈-Xm-Wv. P-Ωp B‚ v Im-
iv-ao-cn-\v {]-tXy-I `-c-W-L-S-
\m ]-Z-hn \¬-In-bn-´p-≈-Xv
C≥-Uym K-h¨-sa‚-√, a-dn-®v
1935se K-h -̈sa‚ v Hm-̂ v C≥-
Uy- B-Iv-‰n-se {]-k‡-`m-K-
߃, 1947se C≥-Uy≥ C≥-
Un-s]‚≥-kv B-Iv-‰,v 1947se
C≥-Uy-bp-sS Xm¬-°m-en-I `-
c-W-L-S-\, cm-Pm l-cn-knw-Kv
H-∏n-́ kw-tbm-P-\-I-cm¿ F-∂n-
h-bm¬ A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-́ n-́ p-≈-
Xm-Wv-.
Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I-fn¬\n-∂v
h-f-sc hy-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv 370˛mw
h-Ip-∏v ÿn-c-am-tWm Xm¬-
°m-en-I-am-tWm F-∂-Xv kw-
ÿm-\ K-h -̈sa‚p-I-fp-sS(\m-
´p cm-Py-ß-fp-sS) Xo-cp-am-\-
sØ am-{Xw B-{i-bn-®p\n-e-
\n¬-°p-∂ Im-cy-am-sW-∂m-
Wv. 2019 B-K-Ãv 5 h-sc Im-iv-
ao¿ F-∂ H-cp tÃ-‰v K-h¨-
sa‚ v am-{X-ta cm-Py-Øv A-Ø-
c-Øn¬ \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p-≈q. B K-h¨-sa‚n-
\pam-{X-ta B¿-´n-°nƒ 370 \n-
e-\n¿-Ø-W-tam th-≠-tbm F-
∂v Xo-cp-am-\n-°m-\m-hq. Im-iv-
ao¿ C≥-Uy-bp-sS A-hn-`m-Py
`m-K-am-sW-∂v Im-iv-ao¿ `-c-W-
L-S-\-bp-sS c-≠mw `m-Kw aq-
∂mw h-Ip-∏n¬ ]-d-bp-∂p-sh-
∂pw A-Xv Xn-cp-Øm≥ kw-
ÿm-\ \n-b-a-k-`-bv-°v A-[n-
Im-c-an-s√-∂pw tI-{μ \n-b-a a-
{¥n Nq-≠n-°m-´p-∂p-≠v. C-Xv
370˛mw h-Ip-∏n-s\ A-{]-k-‡-
am-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv A-t±-lw
A-`n -{]m-b-s∏-Sp -∂-Xv. C≥-
Uy≥ bq-Wn-b-\p-am-bp-≈ Im-
iv-ao-cn-s‚ i-‡-am-b _-‘w
\n¿-Δ-Nn-°p-∂ Cu h-Ip-∏v F-
ßn-s\-bm-Wv C≥-Uy≥ `-c-W-
L-S-\-bp-sS 370˛mw h-Ip-∏n-s‚
{]-k-‡n \-jv-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
sX∂v A-t±-lw hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-
∂n-√. tI-{μ _n-sP-]n `-c-W-
Øn-s‚ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-sØ A-
cpw-sIm-e-sN-øp-∂ Cu \-S-]-
Sn-°v a-Xn-bm-b Im-c-Ww Nq-≠n-
°m-Wn-°m-\n-√ F-∂-Xm-Wv C-
Xv sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. {]-tXy-I
]-Z-hn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b C≥-Uy-bp-
sS A-hn-`m-Py-`m-K-am-Wv Im-iv-
ao¿. k-am-\-am-b-tXm hy-Xy-kv-
X-X-Iƒ D-≈-tXm B-b {]-
tXy-I ]-Z-hn A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂
]-e kw-ÿm-\-ßfpap -≠v.
C≥-Uy-bp-sS A-hn-`m-Py `m-K-
am-Wv Im-iv-ao-¿ F∂-Xv A¿-
∞-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√m-sX hy-‡-am-
°p-∂-Xm-Wv 1947 ap-X¬ C-
t∏mƒ h-sc-bpw Im-iv-ao-cn-se
`q-cn-]-£w P-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw \n-
e-]m-Sv.370˛mw h-Ip-∏n-s‚
N-cn-{X-sa-¥v?
Im-iv-ao-cn-\v {]-tXy-I ]-Z-
hn \¬-In-s°m-≠p-≈ `-c-W-
L-S-\-bp-sS 370˛mw h-Ip-∏pw
ÿn-c-Xm-a-k-°m¿-°v {]-tXy-I
A-h-Im-i-߃ \¬-Ip-∂ 35
F h-Ip-∏pw N-cn-{X-]-c-hpw h-
kv-Xp-\n-jvT-hp-am-b B-h-iy-I-
X-sb ap≥-\n¿-Øn kz-m`m-hn-I-
am-bn cq-]-s∏-́ ph-∂-Xm-Wv. Im-
iv-ao-cn tZ-io-b A-kv-Xn-Xzw th-
dn-́ H-∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. cm-
P-hm-gv-N-°pw km-{am-Py-Xz-Øn-
\p-sa-Xn-sc-bp-≈ t]m-cm-´-Øn-
eq-sS P-\-߃ t\-Sn-b ]p-tcm-
K-a-\˛P-\m-[n-]-Xy˛a-tX-X-c aq-
ey-߃ Zp¿-∫-e-a-m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-
epw A-Xn-s‚ A-Sn-Ø-d-bn¬
cp-]-s∏-´ H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p Im-iv-
ao-cn tZ-io-b-X. Cu t]m-cm-´-
Øn-s‚ \m-b-I-ÿm-\-Øp-
≠m-bn-cp-∂ cm-jv-{So-b-{]-ÿm-
\-am -b, ap -…nw \m -j-\¬
tIm -̈̂ -d≥-kv B t]-cv D-t]-
£n-®v \m-j-\¬ tIm¨-^-
d≥-kv F-∂ t]cv kzo-I-cn-®-
Xv cm-P-hv-gv-N-s°-Xn-cm-b ap-t∂-
‰-Øn-s‚ D-b¿-∂ L-´-Øn-em-
Wv. F-√m hn-`m-K-Øn-ep-w-s]-
´ Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-X-bp-sS P-\m-
[n-]-Xy {]-ÿm-\-am-bn A-Xv
D-b¿-∂-ph-∂p. \m-j-\¬ tIm-
¨-^-d≥-kn-epw A-Xn-s‚ k-
ap-∂-X-\m-b t\-Xm-hv sj-bv-
°v A-_v-Zp-≈-bn-epw _-lp-P-
\-ß-sfm-∂m-sI A¿-∏n-® hn-
izm-k-Øn¬ Cu Im-iv-ao-cn
tZ-io-b A-kv-Xn-Xzw {]-Xn-^-
en-®n-cp-∂p.
a-X-sØ A-Sn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bp-≈ cm-jv-{S-cq-]o-I-c-W-
Øn-s‚ ho-£-W-tØm-Sv H-´pw
\n-c-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√ Im-iv-
ao-cn-se P-\-X-bp-sS hn-Im-c-
߃. 1947se ]m-°n-ÿm≥
B-{I-a-W-sØ, X-ß-fp-sS kz-
X-{¥-am-b \n-e-\n¬-∏n-s‚ ta-
ep-≈ I-S-∂m-{I-a-W-am-bm-Wv
Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-߃ I-≠-
Xv. \m-j-\¬ tIm -̈̂ -d≥-kn-
s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ P-\-Io-b
sN-dp-Øp-\n¬-∏v kw-L-Sn-∏n-
°m≥ A-h¿ ap-t∂m-´p-h-∂-Xv
A-Xn-\m-em-Wv. B-{I-a-W-Im-
cn-I-sf Xp-c-Øp-hm≥ C≥-Uy-
bp-sS k-lm-bw tX-Sp-tºm-gpw
X-ß-fp-sS kz-X-{¥-am-b A-kv-
Xn-Xzw D-t]-£n-®p-sIm-≠-√
A-h¿ A-Xn-\v ap-Xn¿-∂-Xv.
C≥-Uy≥ tZ-io-b-X-bp-am-bn-
hy-Xn-c-‡-am-b A-kv-Xn-Xzw \n-
e-\n¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂- Cu Im-iv-
ao-cn tZ-io-b-X-bp-sS Aw-Ko-
Im -c -sa -∂ \n -e -bn -em -Wv
370˛mw h-Ip-∏v P-∑-sa-Sp-Ø-Xv.
Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-߃-°v A-
h-cp-sS Po-hn-X-sØ, kz-¥w
B-{K-l-ß-fpw B-h-iy-I-X-I-
fpw ap≥-\n¿-Øn {I-ao-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xn-\p-≈ A-h-Im-iw \¬-
In-s°m-≠p-≈-Xm-Wv {]-kv-Xp-
X h-Ip-∏v.
C≥-Uy kz -X- {¥-am -Ip -
tºmƒ \m-´p-cm-Py-am-bn-cp-∂
Im-iv-ao-cn-se A-∂-sØ a-lm-
cm-Pm l-cn knw-Kv Xp-S-°-
Øn¬ Im-iv-ao¿, C≥-Uy≥ bq-
Wn-b-\n-tem ]m-°n-ÿm-\n-
tem tN-cm-sX kz-X-{¥-am-bn
\n-e-\n¬-°m-\m-Wv Xo-cp-am-\n-
®n-cp-∂-Xv. F-∂p am-{X-hp-a-√
]m-°n-ÿm-\p-am-bn -Ãm‚ v
Ãn¬- (A-Xm-b-Xv \n-e-hn-ep-
≈ ÿn-Xn Xp-S-cm-\p-≈ A-Y-
hm kz-X-{¥-am-bn \n-e-\n¬-
°m-\p-≈) I-cm-dn¬ cm-Pm l-
cn knw-Kv H-∏n-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-
cp-∂p. F-∂m¬ ]m-°n-ÿm≥
Im-iv-ao-cn-s\ B-{I-an-°p-I-bpw
_-e-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS A-h-
tcmSv tN¿-°m≥ {i-an-°p-I-
bpw sN-bv-X-t∏mƒ C≥-Uy-bp-
sS k-lm-bw tX-Sm≥ l-cn
knw-Kv \n¿-∫-‘n-X-\m-hp-I-bm-
bn-cp-∂p. Im-iv-ao¿ C≥-Uy-bp-
sS `m-Km-am-Im-\p-≈ I-cm-dn¬
H-∏n-́ p-sIm-≠pam-{X-ta ssk-\n-
I-k-lm-bw \¬-Im-\m-hq F-
∂v \n-e-]m-sS-Sp-Ø A-∂-sØ
C≥-Uy≥ `-c-W t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-
\v h-g-ßn-s°m-≠v I-cm-dn¬
(Instrument of Accession) cm-
Pm-hv H-∏n-Sp-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv.
Cu kw-tbm-P-\-I-cm-dn-s‚ h-
Ip-∏v aq-∂n¬ {]-Xn-tcm-[w,
hm¿-Øm-hn-\n-a-bw, hn-tZ-i-Im-
cyw F-∂o hn-j-b-ß-fn-sem-gn-
sI a-s‰m-cp hn-j-b-Øn-epw Im-
iv-ao-cn-s\ kw-_-‘n-®v \n-b-a-
\n¿-Ωm-Ww \-S-Øm≥ C≥-
Uy≥ sUm-ao-\n-b-\v A-h-Im-
i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-X-√ F-∂v
hy-‡-am-bn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
cn-°p-∂p. C≥-kv-{Sp-sa‚ v Hm-̂ v
A-Iv-k-j-s‚ D-≈-S-°-sØ-
bpw hn-Im-c-sØ-bpw Dƒ-s°m-
≠p-sIm-≠m-Wv 370˛mw h-Ip-∏v
`-c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ tN¿-°-s∏-´-
Xv. Im-iv-ao-cn-s‚ kz-bw-`-c-W-
hpw th-dn-́ A-kv-Xn-Xz-hpw Aw-
Ko-I-cn-°m≥ C≥-Uy X-øm-dm-
b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv {]-kv-Xp-X I-
cm¿ D-≠m-b-Xv. Im-iv-ao-cn-se
P-\-߃-°v \¬-In-b D-d-∏n-
s‚-bpw A-h-cp-sS tZ-io-b A-
kv-Xn-Xz-tØm-Sp-≈ B-Z-c-hn-
s‚-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv
`-c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ 370˛mw h-Ip-
∏v tN¿-°-s∏-´-Xv.
Im-iv-ao¿ kw-tbm-P-\ I-
cm¿ H-∏n-´-Xv A-∂-sØ cm-Pm-
hm-bn-cp-∂ l-cn knw-Km-bn-cp-
s∂-¶n-epw Im-iv-ao-cn-s‚ kzm-
X-{¥y-{]-t£m-`-Øn-\v s\-Sp-
\m-b-I-Xzw h-ln-®n-cp-∂ \m-j-
\¬ tIm¨-^-d≥-kpw A-Xn-
s‚ t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂ sj-bv-°v
ap-l-Ω-Zv A-_v-Zp-≈-bp-am-Wv,
Im-iv-ao¿ C≥-Uy≥ bq-Wn-b-
s‚ `m-K-am-I-sW-∂ \n-e-]m-Sv
kzo-I-cn-°m≥ P-\-ß-sf {]-
_p-≤-am-°n-b-Xv. P-Ωp B‚ v
Im-iv -ao -cn -s‚ tIm¨-kv -‰n -
‰yph‚ v A-kwvªnbp-sS {]-Y-
a sk-j-\n¬ (1951) sj-bv-°v
A-_v-Zp -≈ C-{]-Im-cw ]-d-
™p: -""C≥-Uy≥ bq-Wn-b-
\n¬ tN-cm-\p-≈ a-lm-cm-P l-
cn-knw-Kn-s‚ Xo-cp-am-\w \n-b-
a-]-c-am-b km-[p-X-bp-≈-Xm-
tWm A-√-tbm? C≥-Uy≥ bq-
Wn-b-\n-ep-≈ Iq-Sn-t®-c-en-s‚
\n-b-a-km-[p-X-sb kw-_-‘n-
®v D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-s∏-́ -tXm kz-
X-{¥-am-b-tXm B-b H-cp hy-
‡n-tbm A-[n-Im-c-tI-{μ-tam
tNm-Zyw sN-bv-Xn-´n-√. C≥-Uy-
bp-am-bp-≈ ̀ -c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-am-
b \-Ωp-sS h¿-Ø-am-\-Im-e
_-‘-ß-fp-sS km-[y-X-sb
kw-_-‘n-®v \n-߃-°-dn-bm-
sa-∂-Xn¬ H-cp kw-i-b-hp-an-√.
C≥-Uy-bp-am-bn _-‘p-Xzw D-
≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \-Ωƒ A-
`n-am-\n-°p-∂p. C≥-Uy≥ `-c-
W-L-S-\ H-cp s^-U-d¬ bq-
Wn-b≥ \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-tXm-
sSm-∏w ]-c-am-[n-Im-c-ß-fp-sS
hn-X-c-W-Øn¬ A-Xv \-Ω-sf
a-‰v L-S-I-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v hy-Xy-
kv-X-am-bn k-ao-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
kw-tbm-P-\-I-cm-dn¬ hy-‡-am-
°n-bn-´p-≈ {]-Xn-tcm-[w, hn-tZ-
i Im-cyw, hm¿-Øm h-\n-a-bw
F-∂o hn-j-b-ß-sfm-gn-sI, a-
s‰-√m Im-cy-Øn-epw \-Ωƒ B-
{K-ln-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp-≈ H-
cp `-c-W-L-S-\ kr-jv-Sn-°m≥
\-ap-°v ]q¿-Æ kzm-X-{¥y-ap-
≠v. \-Ωp-sS P-\-X-bp-sS ap-t∂-
‰-Øn-\pth-≠n H-cp s]m-Xp-hm-
b {]-b-Xv-\-Øn-se \-√ ]-¶m-
fn-I-sf-∂ \n-e-bn¬ Po-hn-°m-
\pw ]p-tcm-K-an-°m-\pw Im-iv-ao-
cn P-\-X-bp-sS an-I-hm¿-∂ ]m-
c-º-cy-Øn-\pw _p-≤n-ssh-`-h-
Øn-\pw A-\p-kr-X-am-bn \-Ωp-
sS cm-Py-sØ \n¿-Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-
\m-bn kz-bw-`-c-W-sØ Im-
Øp-c-£n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w a-
l-Øm-b Cu Zu-Xy-Øn¬
s^-U-d¬ k-l-I-c-W-hpw k-
lm-b-hpw tX-Sm-\pw D-d-∏m-°m-
\p-ap-≈ \-Ωp-sS A-h-Im-iw
ÿm-]n-®pw ]-cn-]q¿-Æ k-l-
I-c-W-hpw k-lm-b-hpw bq-Wn-
b-\v \¬-In-s°m-≠pw th-Ww
bq-Wn-b-\p-am-bn D-Nn-X-am-b `-
c-Wm-L-S-\m {I-ao-I-c-W-߃
cq -]-s∏-Sp -tØ-≠-Xv F-∂v
Rm≥ \n¿-t±-in-°p-∂p. Cu ]-
c-kv-]-c [m-c-W-bp-sS-bpw hy-
Imiv-ao¿ hn-j-b-Øn¬ BKÃv 6\v tIm´-bw Su-Wn¬F-kvbp-kn-sF(kn) Pn√m sk-{I´-dn k-Jm-hv
an-\n sI.^n-en-∏n-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \-S-∂ {]-IS\w
a-X-sØ A-Sn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp-≈ cm-jv-{S-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ ho-£-W-tØm-Sv H-´pw \n-c-°p-∂-
Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√ Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\ßfp-sS hn-Im-c-w. 1947se ]m-°n-ÿm≥ B-{I-a-W-sØ, X-ß-
fp-sS kz-X-{¥-am-b \n-e-\n¬-∏n-s‚ ta-ep-≈ I-S-∂m-{I-a-W-am-bm-Wv Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-߃ I-
≠-Xv. B-{I-a-W-Im-cn-I-sf Xp-c-Øp-hm≥ C≥-Uy-bp-sS k-lm-bw tX-Sp-tºm-gpw X-ß-fp-sS kz-
X-{¥-am-b A-kv-Xn-Xzw D-t]-£n-®p-sIm-≠-√ A-h¿ A-Xn-\v ap-Xn¿-∂-Xv.
(11˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
(tijw 13˛mw t]Pn¬)
Imiv-ao-cn-se a-\p-jym-hIm-i ew-L-\-ß-ƒ am-∏¿-ln-°mØXv
sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019 13
h-ÿ-I-fp-sS-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-
Øn-em-Wv 370˛mw h-Ip-∏v cq-]o-
I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂pw `-c-W-
L-S-\-°p-≈n¬ P-Ωp B‚ v
Im-iv-ao-cn-\v {]-tXy-I ]-Z-hn
\¬-I-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂pw G-
h-cpw Hm¿-°-Ww-.''
ho-≠pw A-t±-lw ]-d-bp-
∂p: ""H-cp cm-jv-{S-Øn-s‚ b-
Ym¿-∞ kz-`m-hw A-Xn-s‚ `-
c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ hy-‡-am-°-
s∏-Spw. H-cp t -̀Z-hp-an-√m-sX G-
h¿-°pw \o-Xn-bp-w kzm-X-{¥y-
hpw k-a-Xz-hpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-
°n-b a-tX-X-c P-\m-[n-]-Xy-
Øn -s‚ e-£y-am -Wv C≥-
Uy≥ `-c-W-L-S-\ cm-Py-Øn-
\pap-ºn¬ Im-́ p-∂-Xv. B-[p-\n-
I P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ B-[m-
c-in-e-bm-Wn-Xv... hy-Xy-kv-X a-
X-hn-̀ m-K-߃-°n-S-bn¬ kr-jv-
Sn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ A-kz-̀ m-hn-I-am-b
hn-≈¬ km-{am-Py-XzØn-s‚
A-h-ti-jn-∏m-Wv. ]p-tcm-K-Xn-
bpw A-̀ yp-∂-Xn-bpw e-£yw h-
bv-°p-∂ H-cm-[p-\n-I cm-jv-{S-
Øn-\pw Ir-{Xn-a-am-b hn-`-P-\-
ß-sf t{]m¬-km-ln-∏n-°m-\m-
hn-√. a-[y-Im-e-L-´-Øn-te-°p-
≈ Xn-cn-®p-t]m-°m-b am-X-cm-
{„ hm-Z-sØ hy-‡-am-bpw X-
≈n-°-f-™p-sIm-≠v a-Xw, Pm-
Xn, h¿-Æw, -h¿-§w F-∂n-h-
s°-√mw A-Xo-X-am-bn F-√m
]u-c-∑m-cp-sS-bpw Xp-ey-h-Im-i-
sØ C≥-Uy≥ `-c-W-L-S-\
kw-c-£n-°p-∂p... \-Ωp-sS tZ-
io-b {]-t£m-`-hpw kz-`m-hn-I-
am-bpw a-tX-X-c P-\m-[n-]-Xy-
Øn-s‚ Cu aq-ey-ß-fn-te-°m-
Wv B-I¿-jn-°-∏-Sp-∂-Xv...-\-
Ωƒ C≥-Uy-tbm-Sm-Wv Iq-´n-
t®¿-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv F-∂-Xn-
\m¬ P-∑n-Xz-Øn-s‚-bpw G-
Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚-bpw D-bn¿-
sØ-gp-t∂¬-∏n-s‚ B-]-Øv
C-\n-bp-≠-m-hn-√..Ir-jn-°m¿-°v
`q-an F-∂ e-£yw \-ap-°v hn-
P-bn-∏n-°-Ww. ̀ q-{]-̀ p Iq-́ p-sI-
´n‚ `-c-W-ap-≈ ]m-°n-ÿm≥
\-Ωp-sS km-º-Øn-I ˛ Im¿-
jn-I ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-sf Aw-Ko-
I-cn-°p-tam?''
]m-°n-ÿm-t\m-sSm-∏-a-√, a-
tX-X-c-`m-c-X-tØm-sSm-∏-am-Wv
\n-e-sIm-t≈-≠-sX-∂ N-cn-{X-
]-c-am-b ]mTw Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-
ß-sf B-h¿-Øn-®v ]Tn-∏n-®
sj-bv-°v A-_v-Zp-≈-bp-sS hm-
°p-I-fm-Wn-h. P-Ωp˛Im-i-ao¿
tIm¨-kv-‰n -‰yph‚ v A-kw-
ªnbn-te-°p \-S-∂ sX-c-s™-
Sp-∏n¬ \m-j-W¬ tIm¨-^-
d≥-kv ap-gp-h≥ ko-‰n-epw hn-
P-bn-®-Xn-s\ C≥-Uy≥ bq-Wn-
b-\n¬ tN-c-W-sa-∂ \m-j-
\¬ tIm¨-^-d≥-kn-s‚ \n-e-
]m-Sn-\p-≈ Aw-Ko-I-m-c-am-bpw
Im-Wm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
B¿-´n-°nƒ 370s\
Zp¿-∫-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xpw
Im-iv-ao¿ P-\-ß-sf A-Sn-®-
a¿-Øn-b-Xpw C≥-Uy≥
tZ-io-b-X-bp-am-bp-≈
DZv-{K-Y-\w A-km-[y-am-°n
]m-°n-ÿm-\pw a-X-au-en-I
i-‡n-I-fpw \-S-Øn-b F-√m
{]-Nm-c-W-ß-sf-bpw X-≈n-°-f-
™p-sIm-≠,v C≥-Uy-bp-sS A-
hn-`m-Py `m-K-am-Im≥ D-b¿-∂
{]-Xo-£-I-tfm-sS H-cn-°¬ Xo-
cp-am-\w ssI-s°m-≠ Im-iv-ao-
cn-se P-\-߃ C-∂v \n-cm-i-
cm-Wv. C-∂v C≥-Uy≥ `-c-W-
Iq-S-Øn-s‚ F-√m L-S-I-ß-
tfm-Spw Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-X-°p-≈-
Xv B-g-Øn-ep-≈ A-hn-izm-k-
hpw A-Xr-]v-Xn-bp-am-Wv. A-]-
am-\n-X-cp-sS {h-Wn-X-a-t\m-L-
S-\-bm-Wv `q-cn-]-£w t]-sc-
bpw \-bn-°p-∂-Xv. I-Sp-Ø A-
\y-Xm-t_m-[-hpw, \n-cm-{i-b-Xz-
hpw P-\-ß-fp-sS am-\-kn-Im-
tcm-Ky-sØ Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn _m-
[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. C-Ø-c-sam-cp Zp-
c-h-ÿ-bn-te-°v Im-iv-ao¿ P-\-
ß-sfm-∂m-sI \n-]-Xn-®-Xv F-
¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv? A-h-cn¬ h-
f-sc sN-dp-sX-¶n-epw H-cp hn-
`m-Kw hn-L-S-\-hm-Zn-I-fpw kz-
X-{¥ Im-iv-ao¿ cm-Pyw F-∂
ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-ap-b¿-Øp-∂-h-cp-am-
bn F-ß-s\ am-dn? C≥-Uy≥
]-´m-f-Øn-\pt\-sc I-s√-dn-bp-
∂-h-cpw sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v {]-{In-
b-bn¬ hn-izm-k-an-√m-Ø `q-cn-
`m-K-am-bpw F-ßs\ am-dn?
Im-iv-ao¿ {]-iv-\-sØ C-
∂pIm-Wp-∂ Kp-cp-X-c-am-b am-
\-Øn-te-°v h-j-fm-°n-b-Xv
tI-{μw `-cn-®n-cp-∂ tIm¨-{K-
v k¿-°m-cp-I-fm-Wv. A-tX
k¿-°m-cp-I-fp-sS ]m-X-bn¬-
Ø-s∂-bm-Wv Xp-S¿-∂pw C-S-
°m-e-Øpw A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬h-
∂ a‰v k¿-°m-cp-I-fpw \o-ßn-
b-Xv. C-t∏mƒ _n-sP-]n kzo-
I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw {]-kv-Xp-X \-b-
ß-fp-sS Xp-S¿-® X-s∂-bm-Wv.
1947-̨ -se h-kv-Xp-\n-jvT-am-b cm-
jv-{So-b km-l-N-cyw ]-cn-K-Wn-
®v Im-i-ao-cn-\v {]-tXy-I ]-Z-
hn \¬-Ip-∂ B¿-´n-°nƒ 370
C≥-Uy≥ `-c-W-L-S-\-bn¬
Dƒ-t®¿-°m≥ A-∂-sØ tZ-
io-b t\-Xr-Xzw X-øm-dm-sb-¶n-
epw A-Xn-s\ Zp¿-∫-e-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂ \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ Xp-S-°w-ap-
X-te D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B¿-F-kv-
F-kn-\p am-{X-a-√, tIm¨-{K-
v t\-Xm-°-fn¬ K-Wy-am-b H-
cp hn-`m-K-Øn-\pw G-dn-b ]-¶v
_yq-tdm-{Im-‰p-Iƒ-°pw `-c-W-
L-S-\- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b \m-fp-I-
fn¬-Ø-s∂ 370˛mw h-Ip-∏v Xp-
S-cp-∂-Xn¬ F-Xn¿-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p-sh-∂v A-°m-e-sØ tc-J-
Iƒ ]-cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a-\- n-em-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Im-iv-ao-cn P-
\-X-bp-sS kz-X-{¥-am-b A-kv-
Xn-Xz-sØ I-W-°n-se-Sp-°m-
sX, G-Xpam¿-t§-\-bpw Im-iv-
ao-cn-s\ C≥-Uy-bn-se C-X-c
kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS ]Zhn-te-°v
sIm-≠p-h-c-W-sa-∂ e-£yw
h-®p-sIm-≠v `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xz-
Øn-se H-cp hn-`m-Kw i-‡-am-
bn -{]-h¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
Im-iv-ao-cn-s\ C-¥y≥ bq-Wn-
b-\n¬ e-bn-∏n-°m-\m-bn A-h¿
I-cp-°ƒ \o-°n. a-dp-h-i-Øv
sj-bv-°v A-_p-Zp-≈-bm-I-s´
{]-tXy-I ]-Z-hn kw-c-£n-
°m≥ \n-›-bn-®p-d-∏n-®v \o-ßn.
Xm-gv-h-c-bn-se P-\-߃ {]-tXy-
I ]-Z-hn F-∂-Xn-s\ "B-km-
Zn-' F-∂ A-`n-em-j-Øn-\v X-
Øp-ey-am-bm-Wv Im-Wp-∂-sX-
∂v A-t±-l-Øn-\v A-dn-bm-am-bn-
cp-∂p. A-Xn-\m¬ {]-tXy-I ]-
Z-hn F-∂ k-ao-]-\-Øn¬ sh-
≈w-tN¿-°m-\m-hn-s√-∂ \n-e-
]m-Sv A-±-lw kzo-I-cn-®p. Cu
ssh-cp-≤y-am-Wv, sj-bv-°v A-
_v-Zp-≈-sb ÿm-\-`r-jv-S-\m-
°p-∂-Xn-te-°pw X-S-hn-em-°p-
∂-Xn-te-°pw \-bn-®-Xv. hn-hn-
[ L-´-ß-fn-em-bn \o-≠ 20
h¿-j-am-Wv A-t±-lw Xp-dp-¶n-
e-S-bv-°-s∏-́ -Xv. a-tX-X-c cm-Py-
am-b C≥-Uy-tbm-sSm-∏w \n-e-
sIm-t≈-≠-Xn-s‚ B-h-iy-I-
X Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-ß-sf t_m-
[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b A-tX t\-Xm-hv
]m-°v G-P-s‚-∂v ap-{Z-Ip-Ø-
s∏-´-Xpw Xp-dp-¶-e-S-bv-°-s∏-´-
Xpw Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-ß-fp-sS lr-
Z-b-Øn-t\¬-∏n-® ap-dn-hv \n- m-
c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
X-ß-fp-sS A-̀ n-am-\-t_m-[-
sØ-bpw A-¥- n-s\-bpw \n-
c-¥-c-am-bn N-hn-´n-sa-Xn-°p-∂
A-\p-`-hw tI-{μw `-cn-®n-cp-∂
tIm -̈{K- v k¿-°m-cp-I-fp-sS-
bpw Xp-S¿-∂p-h-∂ F√mk¿-
°m-cp-I-fp-sS-bpw `m-K-Øp-\n-
∂v Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-߃-°v
t\-cn-tS-≠n h-∂p. sj-bv-°v A-
_v-Zp-≈-bp-sS A-d-Ãv, Im-iv-ao-
cn-s‚ ]-cn-]q¿-Æ e-b-\w F-
∂ C≥-Uym K-h¨-sa‚n-s‚
\-bw \-S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ B-Zy-
\-S-]-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨-{K-
v k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ 370˛mw h-Ip-
∏n-s\ \n-c-¥-c-am-bn Zp¿-∫-e-
s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sh-≈w tN¿-
°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cp-
∂p. A-t±-l-sØ ]p-d-Øm-°n-
b-Xn-s‚ sXm-´p-]p-d-sI `-c-W-
L-S-\m D-Ø-c-hv (B-πn-t°-
j≥ ‰p P-Ωp B‚ v Im-iv-ao¿)
1950 ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. A-ßn-s\
C≥-Uy≥ ]m¿-e-sa‚n-s‚ \n-
b-a-\n¿-Ω-W-Øn-s‚ A-[n-Im-
c ]-cn-[n, P-Ωp Im-iv-ao-cn-te-
°pw hn-]p-eo-I-cn-®p-. ho-≠pw
Iw]v-t{Sm-f¿ B‚ v B-Un-‰¿
P-\-d-en-s‚ A-[n-Im-c-hpw \n-
b-a-]-cn-[n-bpw P-Ωp Im-iv-ao-cn-
te-°v hym-]n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v
1953¬ D-Ø-c-hn-d-°n. 1960¬
sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v I-Ωo-j-s‚ \n-
b-a-]-cn-[n Im-iv-ao-cn-te-°v hym-
]n-∏n-®p. (C-Xn-s‚ e-£y-sa-
¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v Xp-S¿-∂v \-
S-∂ sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v Ir-{Xn-a-
߃ sX-fn-bn-®p). ho-≠pw `-
c-W-L-S-\m t`-Z-K-Xn D-Ø-c-hv
(B-πn-t°-j≥ ‰p P-Ωp B‚ v
Im-iv-ao¿) 1964 ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®p-
sIm-≠v A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ {]-
Jym-]n-°-\m-bn A-h-Im-iw
\¬-Ip-∂ `-c-W-L-S-\m h-Ip-
∏p-Iƒ 352, 356, 357 P-Ωp˛Im-
iv-ao-cn-\v _m-[-am-°n. Im-iv-ao-
cn-s‚ `-c-W-Ø-e-h-s\-∂(km-
Z¿˛-C-˛dn-bm-k-Øv) ]-Z-hn-bpw
{]-[m-\-a-{¥n F-∂ ]-Z-hn-bpw
am-‰n K-h¿-W-sd-∂pw ap-Jy-a-
{¥n-bp-sa-∂m-°n. A-ßn-s\ H-
∂n-\p]n-d-sI a-s‰m-∂m-bn C≥-
Uym K-h¨-sa‚ v ssI-s°m-
≠-h-sb-√mw Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-X-
sb C≥-Uy-bn¬\n-∂v A-I-‰p-
∂ \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ am-{X-am-bn-cp-
∂p. 1987se sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬
ssk-\y-sØh-sc D-]-tbm-K-
s∏-Sp-Øn sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v Ir-
{Xn-aw \-S-Øn P-t\-—-sb ]-cm-
P-b-∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv C≥-Uy≥ `-
c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-sf A-∏m-sS
kw-i-b-tØm-sSam-{Xw ho-£n-
°m≥ Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-ß-sf
\n¿-_-‘n-X-cm°n.
Xm-gv-h-c-bn-se P-\-ß-fp-sS
C≥-Uy-tbm-Sp-≈ Iq-dn-s\-bpw
hn-iz-kv-X-X-sb-bpw \n-c-¥-c-am-
bn kw-i-bn-®p. cm-Py-t{Zm-ln-
I-sf-∂pw C≥-Uym-hn-cp-≤-sc-
∂p-ap-≈ ap≥-hn-[n C≥-Uy≥
`-c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ `m-K-Øp-\n-
∂p-≈ F-√m \-S-]-Sn-I-fn-epw
{]-Xn-̂ -en-®n-cp-∂p. hn-L-S-\-{]-
h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-bpw `o-I-c-sc-
bpw t\-cn -Sm -s\-∂t]-cn¬
ssk-\y-Øn-\v \¬-In-bn-cp-∂
hn-]p-e-am-b A-[n-Im-c-߃
Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-X-s°-Xn-cm-b A-
Xn-{I-a-ß-fm-bn ]-c-n-W-an-®p.
kp-c-£m-tk-\-Iƒ \-S-Øp-∂
tNm-ZywsN-ø¬ tI-{μ-߃ a-
\p-jy-Xzw a-c-hn-°p-∂ ]o-U-\-
ap-d-I-fp-sS tI-{μ-ß-fm-sW-∂v
P-Ωp -̨Im-iv-ao¿ ssl-t°m-S-Xn-
bn-se-Øn-b F-Æ-a-‰ tI- p-
Iƒ sX-fn-bn-®p. t]m-eo-kpw
kp-c-£m-tk-\-I-fpw ]n-Sn-®p-
sIm-≠p-t]m-b-h-cpƒ-∏-sS Im-
Wm-Xm-b-h-cp-sS F-Æw B-bn-
c-ß-fm-Wv. \n-c-]-cm-[n-I-fm-b
km-[m-c-W a-\p-jy¿ ssk-\n-
I-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ-°n-c-bm-bn sIm-e-
sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂ kw-̀ -h-߃ hym-
]-I-am-bn. ]-{Xn-_m¬ hym-P
G-‰p-ap-´¬, ssk-\yw Im-iv-ao-
cn¬ sN-bv-Xp-Iq-´n-s°m-≠n-cn-
°p-∂ sN-bv-Xn-I-fp-sS t\¿-
km-£y-am-bn. G-gv \n-c-]-cm-[n-
I-fm-b sN-dp-∏-°m-sc ]n-Sn-®p-
sIm-≠p-t]m-bn sh-Sn-h-®p-sIm-
tI{μ-K-h¨-sa‚n-s‚ Im-iv-ao¿ \-S-]-Sn-bn¬{]Xn-tj-[n®p-sIm≠v F-kvbp-kn-sF(kn) Pn√m sk-{I -́dn
k-Jm-hv A-–pƒ A-ko-kn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬]me-°m-Sv Su-Wn¬ \-S-∂ {]-IS\w
tZ-io-b-X-I-sf D-Zv-{K-Yn-°p-I F-∂ k-¶o¿-Æ-am-
b {]-{In-b- _-e-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS-tbm Ir-{Xn-a-am-tbm A-√ \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-I F-∂-Xv F-{X-tbm N-
cn-{X-m-\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sS \-ap-°-dn-bmw. X-\n-a-bm¿-∂ \n-e-\n¬-∏n-s\ ]-c-kv-]-cw B-Z-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂ cm-jv-{So-b-˛-km-º-Øn-I-˛-km-aq-ly-˛-hn-Zym-`ym-k-̨ -kmw-kv-Im-cn-I sIm-Sp-°-hm-ß-ep-I-fn-eq-sS
kz-`m-hn-I-am-bn hn-f-°n-t®¿-sØ-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠m-Wv {]-kv-Xp-X [¿-Ωw \n¿-Δ-ln-t°-≠-Xv.
(12˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
(tijw 14˛mw t]Pn¬)
tZ-io-b-X-I-sf D-Zv-{K-Yn-t°≠Xv _-e-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS-b-√
14 sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019
370˛mw h-Ip-∏v d-±p-sN-bv-X-Xn-s\-Xn-sc ]-cm-Xn-bp-am-bnIm-iv-ao-cn ]-fin-‰p-I-fpw t-Zm-{K-I-fpw kn-Jp-Im-cpw
∂n-́ v, G-‰p-ap-́ -en-ep-≠m-b sIm-
e-]m-X-I-sa-∂m-Wv ssk-\yw
]-{X-hm¿-Ø \¬-In-b-Xv. F-
∂m¬ tI- v A-t\z-jn-® kn-
_n-sF, A-Xv hym-P G-‰p-ap-´-
em-sW-∂v cm-Py-Øn-s‚ ]-c-
tam-∂-X tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ dn-t∏m¿-
´p-\¬-In. 5 {]-ap-J ssk-\n-
tIm-tZym-K-ÿ-sc tIm¿-´v am¿-
j¬ sN-øm≥ kp-{]ow tIm-S-
Xn-°v hn-[n-t°-≠n h-∂-Xv i-
‡-am-b sX-fn-hp-Iƒ ]-´m-f-
Øn-s\-Xn-sc lm-P-cm-°-s∏-´-
Xn-\m-em-Wv. ]-{Xn-_m¬ kw-
`-h-Øn¬ k-Xy-k-‘-am-b A-
t\z-j-Ww B-h-iy-s∏-´v, Xm-gv-
h-c-bn-se P-\-߃-°v i-‡-am-
b {]-t£m-`w \-S-tØ-≠n h-
∂p. {]-t£m-`-Øn-\v t\-sc-bp-
≠m-b t]m-eo-kv sh-Sn-sh-bv-
∏n¬ 9 t]¿ sIm√-s∏-´-Xn-\p-
tijwti-jw am-{X-am-Wv A-
t\z-j-Ww \-S-Øm≥ Xo-cp-am-
\w D-≠m-b-Xv. P-\-߃ {]-
£m-`-Øn-s‚ am¿-§w A-h-ew-
_n-®n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ H-cp {]m-Y-
an-I A-t\z-j-Ww t]m-ep-ap-
≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. tX-®p-am-bv-
®pI-f-™ hym-P G-‰p-ap-´¬
tI- p-Iƒ A-t\-I-ap≠v Im-
iv-ao-cn¬. ssk-\n-I \-S-]-Sn-I-
fn¬ sIm-√-s∏-́ -h-cp-sS _-‘p-
°ƒ, Im-Wm-Xm-b-h-cp-sS D-‰-
h¿, s]-√-‰v B-{I-a-W-Øn¬
Im-gv-N-i-‡n \-jv-S-s∏-´-h¿,
ssk-\n-I \-S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ \n-Xy-
tcm-Kn-I-fm-b-h¿, _-em¬-kw-
K-Øn-\pw am-\-`w-K-Øn-\pw C-
c-bm-b-h¿ C-h-sc-√mw Im-iv-ao-
cn P-\-X-s°-Xn-sc A-c-tß-dp-
∂ a-\p-jy-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-ß-
fp-sS Po-hn-°p-∂ {]-Xo-I-ß-
fm-Wv. Im-iv-ao-cn k-aq-l-Øn¬
Cu C-c-Iƒ \n-Xy-Im-gv-N-I-fm-
b-t∏mƒ A-Xn-\p km-£n-I-fm-
tI-≠n h-∂ C-X-c a-\p-jy¿
F-√m {]-Xo-£-bpw \-jv-S-s∏-
´-h-cm-bn am-dn. A-ßn-s\ {I-
ta-W P-\-ß-fn-sem-∂m-sI ]-
S¿-∂ B-g-am¿-∂ A-\y-Xm-
t_m-[-Øn-s‚ km-l-N-cy -
sØ Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-bvXp-
sIm-≠v tZ-i-hn-cp-≤-i-‡n-Iƒ
kzm-[o-\w D-d-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-
∂p. ]m-°n-ÿm-≥ ̀ -c-W-IqSam-
I-s´ Cu i-‡n-Iƒ-°v F-
√mhn-[ H-Øm-i-bpw sN-bvXp-
sIm-Sp-Øp. km-{am-Py-Xz i-
‡n-Iƒ I-e-°-sh-≈-Øn¬
ao≥-]n-Sn-°m≥ B-h-Xv ]-Wn-
s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. tI-{μw
`-cn-°p-∂ ]m¿-´n-I-fp-sS Hu-Zm-
cy-Øn¬ cm-jv-{So-b ̀ m-Kym-t\z-
j-Ww \-S-Øp-∂ Iq-́ -ß-fm-bn
Im-iv-ao-cn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-b {]-
ÿm-\-߃ A-[x]-Xn-°p-I-
Iq-Sn sNbvXt∏mƒ Im-iv-ao-cn-
se ]m-h-s∏-́ P-\-ß-fp-sS Zp¿-
hn-[n ]q¿-Æ-am-bn. \n-cm-i-bp-
sS sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bn-em-b P-\-ß-
sf km-l-kn-I-X-bn-te-°pw
A-{I-a-Øn-te-°pw \-bn-°m≥
hn-L-S-\-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°v F-fp-∏-am-
bn. A-ßn-s\ Im-iv-ao¿ {]-iv-
\w C-∂p Im-Wp-∂ cq-]-Øn-
se-Øn.
tZ-io-b-X-I-sf D-Zv-{K-Yn-°p-
I F-∂ k-¶o¿-Æ-am-b {]-{In-
b- _-e-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS-tbm
Ir-{Xn-a-am-tbm A-√ \n¿-Δ-ln-
°p-I F-∂-Xv F-{X-tbm N-cn-
{X-m-\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sS \-ap-°-dn-
bmw. X-\n-a-bm¿-∂ \n-e-\n¬-
∏n-s\ ]-c-kv-]-cw B-Z-cn-®p-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂ cm-jv-{So-b˛km-
º-Øn-I˛km-aq-ly˛hn-Zym-`ym-
k˛kmw-kv-Im-cn-I sIm-Sp-°-
hm-ß-ep-I-fn-eq-sS kz-`m-hn-I-
am-bn hn-f-°n-t®¿-sØ-Sp-Øp-
sIm-≠m-Wv {]-kv-Xp-X [¿-Ωw
\n¿-Δ-ln-t°-≠-Xv. C≥-Uy≥
bq-Wn-\n¬ tN-cp-∂-Xn-\m-bn
Im-iv-ao-cn P-\-X ssI-s°m-≠
Xo-cp-am-\-sØ Xn-I-™ hn-
izm-k-Øn-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠v,
A-h-sc Cu cm-Py-Øn-s‚ lr-
Z-b-tØm-Sv tN¿-Øp-\n¿-Ø-p-I-
Imiv-ao¿ hn-j-b-Øn¬ I-Æq-¿ Su-Wn¬ \-S-∂ {]-Xn-tj-[tbmKØn¬ tUm. Un.kp-tc-{μ-\m-Yv {]-kw-Kn-°p∂p
bm-Wv sN-tø-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
F-∂m¬ A-Xv \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-∂-
Xn¬ C≥-Uym K-h¨-sa‚pw
AXns\ \-bn-® cm-jv-{So-b {]-
ÿm-\-ß-fpw Xo¿-Øpw ]-cm-
P-b-s∏-´p.
370˛mw h-Ip-∏n-s‚ t]-cn¬
h¿-§o-b-am-b I-W-°p-Iq-́ -tem-
sS B-Zy-Im-e-Øv P-\-kw-L-
hpw C∂pw _n-sP-]n-bpw \-S-
Øn-h-cp-∂ \o-N-am-b {]-Nm-c-
Ww sX-s√m-∂p-a-√ Im-iv-ao-cn
P-\-ß-sf D-e-®n-´p-≈-Xv. C≥-
Uy-bp-sS C-X-c-`m-K-ß-fn¬
Im-i-ao-cn {]-iv-\-sØ kw-_-
‘n-®v h-kv-Xp-Xm-hn-cp-≤-am-b
Im-cy-߃ {]-N-cn-∏n-®v Xm-gv-h-
c-bn-se P-\-ß-sf H-‰-s∏-Sp-Øn-
b-Xn¬ tIm¨-{K- pw _n-sP-
]n-bp-am-Wv ap-∂n¬. sj-bv-°v
A-_v-Zp-≈-sb P-bn-en-e-S-bv-°p-
∂-Xn-\p th-≠n A-t±-l-hpw
\m-j-\¬ tIm¨-^-d≥-kpw
kz-X-{¥ Im-iv-ao-cn-\p th-≠n-
bm-Wv \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-sX-∂v
A-]-hm-Zw {]-N-cn-∏n-®v C≥-
Uy≥ P-\-ß-sf h≥-tXm-Xn¬
sX-‰-≤-cn-∏n-®-Xv C-°q-´-cm-Wv.
Zp-cn-X-ß-fp-sS-bpw Zp-c-¥-ß-fp-
sS-bpw a-lm-I-b-Øn¬ X-߃
H-‰-bv-°m-sW-∂ hn-Im-cw Im-
iv-ao-cn P-\-X-bn¬ cq-V-aq-e-am-
Im≥ Cu {]-Nm-c-W-߃ h-
en-b tXm-Xn¬ C-S h-cp-Øn.
_m-_v-dn a-kv-Pn-Zv X-I¿-°-epw
Xp-S¿-∂v cm-Py-Øp-≠m-b I-em-
]-ß-fpw C-t∏mƒ cm-Py-sa-ºm-
Spw \-S-°p-∂ \yq-\-]-£ th-
´-bpw Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-ß-fp-
sS D¬-°-WvT-I-sf h¿-≤n-∏n-
°p-∂p. C-{]-Im-cw ]-cn-tim-[n-
®m¬ Im-iv-ao¿ {]-iv-\w ap-Jy-
am-bpw tIm¨-{K- n-s‚-bpw
_n-sP-]n-bp-sS-bpw kr-jv-Sn-bm-
sW-∂v Im-Wmw. Cu C-cp-]m¿-
´n-I-fpw kr-jv-Sn-® km-l-N-cy-
sØ ap-X-se-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv ap-
…nw a-X-au-en-I i-‡n-I-fpw
]m-°n-ÿm-\pw km-{am-Py-Xz-i-
‡n-I-fpw sN-bv-X-Xv.
Im-iv-ao¿:
P-\-ß-fp-sS I-S-a-I-sf-¥v?
Im-iv-ao¿ {]-iv-\-Øn-\v ]-cn-
lm-cw Im-Wm-\p-≈ G-sXm-cp
\-S-]-Sn-bpw Xp-S-tß-≠-Xv Im-
iv-ao-cn P-\-X-bn¬ B-g-Øn-ep-
≠m-bn-´p-≈ ap-dn-hv D-W-°n-
s°m-≠m-I-Ww. C-∂-sØ
km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ A-Xn-k-¶o¿-
Æ-am-b H-cp {]-{In-b-bm-W-Xv.
P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-am-b k-ln-jv-
Wp-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn A-h¿ D-b¿-
Øp-∂ B-i-¶-I-fpw {]-iv-\-ß-
fpw tIƒ-°m≥ C≥-Uy-bn-se
`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°v I-gn-b-
Ww. A-h-cp-sS B-flm-`n-am-\-
sØ ap-dn-th¬-∏n-°p-∂ F-Æ-
a-‰ \-S-]-Sn-I-fp-≠m-bn-°-gn-™-
Xn-\p ti-j-hpw, A-Sn-®-a¿-Ø-
en-s‚-bpw A-Xn-{I-a-ß-fp-sS-
bpw \n-c-h-[n kw-`-h-߃-°p-
ti-j-hpw Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-ß-
fn¬ h-en-sbm-cp ]-¶pw C-∂pw
t\-cn-s‚ h-gn-bn¬ Nn-¥n-°p-∂-
h-cm-Wv. 40 h¿-jw \o-≠ ]-
´m-f-hm-gv-N-bn-e-a¿-∂ ]m-°n-
ÿm-t\-°m-fpw t`-Zw a-tXXc
C≥-Uy-bm-sW∂ X-cn-®-dn-hp-
≈ hn-Zym-k-º-∂-cpw ]p-tcm-K-
a-\ \n-e-]m-Sp-≈-h-cp-am-b A-
\-h-[n B-fp-Iƒ C-∂pw Im-
iv-ao-cn-ep-≠v. A-h-cp-am-bn lr-
Z-b _-‘w ÿm-]n-°m-\pw A-
h-sc a-tX-X-c˛P-\m-[n-]-Xy aq-
ey-ß-fp-sS i-‡-cm-b {]-Nm-c-
I-cm-°n am-‰m-\pw I-gn-b-Ww.
Im-i-ao¿ C≥-Uy-bp-sS A-hn-
`m-Py-̀ m-K-am-sW-∂ A-Sn-bp-d-®
\n-e-]m-Sn¬\n-∂p-sIm-≠m-I-
Ww Cu Zu-Xyw \n¿-Δ-ln-
°m≥. a-tX-X-c-˛P-\m-[n-]-Xy
aq-ey-ß-fm¬ \-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂
C≥-Uy-bn-se cm-jv-{So-b i-
‡nIƒ Cu I-S-a \n-d-th-‰m≥
ap-t∂m-´p h-c-Ww.
Im-iv-ao¿ P-\-X-bp-sS Po-hn-
°m-\p-≈ A-h-Im-i-hpw P-\m-
[n-]-Xy A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw kw-
c-£n-°m-\p-≈ t]m-cm-́ w cm-Py-
sa-ºm-Spw h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥
C-S-Xp -̨P-\m-[n-]-Xy˛]p-tcm-K-a-
\ i-‡n-Iƒ H-‰-s°-´m-bn ap-
t∂m-́ p-h-c-Ww. B¿-́ n-°nƒ 370
]p-\x-ÿm-]n-°p-I, F-{X-bpw
th-Kw Im-iv-ao-cn¬ P-\m-[n-]-
Xy-hpw kn-hn¬ `-c-Whpw ]p-
\x-ÿm-]n-°p-I F-∂o B-h-
iy-߃ Cu {]-t£m-`w D-b¿-
Ø-Ww. Im-iv-ao¿ P-\-X-bp-sS
A-\n-tj-[y-am-b \o-Xn-tbm-Sv
sF-Iy-s∏-́ p-sIm-≠v, Im-iv-ao¿
{]-iv-\-Øn-s‚ N-cn-{X-h-kv-Xp-
X-Iƒ cm-Py-sa-ºm-Spw N¿-®-bv-
s°-Sp-°p-∂ A-Xn-_r-l-Øm-
b P-\-Io-b {]-Nm-c-W b-⁄-
Øn-s‚ ]n≥-_-e-Øn¬ H-cp
{]-t£m-`w h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp -
°m≥ ]p-tcm-K-a-\-i-‡n-Iƒ
X-øm-dm-bm¬ cm-Py-Øn-s‚
t]m-cm-́ -N-cn-{Xw Xn-cp-Øn-°p-dn-
°-s∏-Spw. Cu cm-Py-Øv C-
t∏mƒ A-Xn-th-Kw ]-S¿-∂-p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ A-‘-Im-c-
sØ sN-dp-°m≥ C-Xn-\p am-
{X-ta I-gn-bq. _n-sP-]n A-h-
X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ ]-I-bp-sS-bpw sh-
dp-∏n-s‚-bpw cm-jv-{So-b-sØ
Xo¿-Øpw H-‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A-
Ø-c-sam-cp {]-t£m-`-Øn-\v I-
gn-bpw. {]-kv-Xp-X {]-t£m-`w
Im-iv-ao-cn-se P-\-߃-°v \¬-
Ip-∂-Xv a-l-Øm-b km-tlm-Z-
cy-Øn-s‚ k-tμ-i-am-bn-cn-°pw.
C≥-Uy≥ tZ-io-b-X-bp-am-bn
Im-iv-ao-cn-s\ I-Æn tN¿-°m≥
A-Xv A-\p-]-a-am-b km-l-N-
cyw kr-jv-Sn-°pw.
(13˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v)
P-Ωp-˛-Im-iv-ao-cn¬-\n-∂p-
≈ ]-fin-‰p-I-fpw tZm-{K-I-
fpw kn-Jp-Im-cpw Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-
≈ 64 t]¿ ""370˛mw h-Ip-∏v
Kq-V-am-bpw _-em¬-°m-c-am-
bp-am-Wv A-km-[p-hm-°n-b-
sX''-∂pw C-Xv ""`-c-W-L-S-\m
hn-cp-≤-hpw kw-ÿm-\-sØ P-
\-߃-°v \¬-In-b N-cn-{X-]-
c-am-b hm-Kv-Zm-\-Øn-s‚ ew-L-
\-am-sW''-∂pw Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-
®p-sIm-≠p-≈ ]-cm-Xn-bn¬ H-
∏p-h-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {]-ap-J tUm-
Œ¿, ssh-kv F-b¿ am¿-j¬,
\m-S-I-cw-K-sØ {]-ap-J¿, hn-
Zym-̀ ym-k hn-N-£-W¿, am-≤y-
a-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿, hn-Zym¿-∞n-
Iƒ, K-th-j-I¿ F-∂n-ß-s\
Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ \m-\m-Xp-d-I-fn-
ep-≈ s{]m-^-j-W-ep-Iƒ C-
Xn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.
tI-{μ K-h¨-sa‚ v P-Ωp-
˛-Im-iv-ao-cn-s‚ {]-tXy-I ]-Z-
hn F-Sp-Øv I-f-™-Xpw B
kw-ÿm-\-sØ c-≠v tI-{μ-
`-c-W {]-tZ-i-ß-fm-bn hn-`-Pn-
®-Xpw ""Kq-V-am-b co-Xn''-bn-em-
sW-∂v ]-cm-Xn-bn¬ ]-d-bp-
∂p. kw-ÿm-\ \n-b-a-k-`-bp-
sS ""A-`n-{]m-b-hpw A-\p-a-Xn-
bpw Xo¿-Øpw B-cm-bm-sX-bp-
≈ Cu \-S-]-Sn P-\m-[n-]-Xy -
X-Xz-ß-fp-sS-bm-sI \n-cm-I-c-
W-hpw G-Im-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hpw P-
\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-cp-≤-hp-''-am-Wv. P-
Ωp-̨ -Im-iv-ao-cn-s\ ""ssk-\n-I
h-e-b-Øn-em''-°n-b \-S-]-Sn D-
S≥ ]n≥-h-en-°-W-sa-∂pw kw-
ÿm-\-sØ P-\-ß-fp-sS B-
i-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\p-ta¬ G¿-
s∏-Sp-Øn-b \n-tcm-[-\w d-±m-°-
W-sa-∂pw cm-{„o-b t\-Xm-°-
sf ""G-I-]-£o-b-hpw \n-b-a-
hn-cp-≤-hp''-am-b X-S-¶-en¬-\n-
∂v tam-Nn-∏n-°-W-sa-∂pw ]-cm-
Xn-bn¬ B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. ""R-
ß-fp-sS am-Xr-̀ q-an-sb sh-́ n-ap-
dn-®-Xn¬ R-߃ G-sd th-Z-
\n-°p-∂p, ]-co-£-W-Øn-s‚-
bpw {]-Xn-k-‘n-bp-sS-bp-w Cu
L-´-Øn¬ R-߃ H-∂n-®p-
\n¬-°p-sa-∂v {]-Xn-⁄ sN-
øp-∂p, hw-io-b-hpw kmw-kv-Im-
cn-I-hpw km-ap-Zm-bn-I-hp-am-b
A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ P-\-ß-s-f
hn-`-Pn-°m-\p-≈ G-Xp-\o-°-
sØ-bpw sN-dp-°p-''sa-∂pIqSn
{]-Jym-]n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv ]-cm-
Xn A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
(Z h-b¿. 10.08.-2019)
{]tXy-Im-[n-Imc-ß-tfmsS Imiv-ao¿ C-¥y-bp-sS A-hn-̀ m-Py `m-K-amIWw
sk]v-Xw_¿ 2019 15
2002¬ kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn
hn-[n-sb Xp-S¿-∂v I-ip-h-≠n
hn-I-k-\ tIm¿-]-td-j≥ ]-g-
b D-S-a-Iƒ-°v hn-´p-sIm-Sp-Ø
ap-J-Ø-e, F-gp-tIm¨, s\-Sp-
h-Øq¿, I-√-º-ew ̂ m-Iv-S-dn-I-
fn-se sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ X-߃-
°¿-l-X-s∏-´ {Km-‰p-hn-‰n B-h-
iy-s∏-´v Im-jyp tIm¿-∏-td-
j≥ sl-Uv Hm-^o-kn-te-°v
am¿-®pw [¿-Æ-bpw \-S-Øn.
I-ip-h-≠n sXm-gn -em-fn
sk‚¿ P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn k-
Jm-hv F-kv.cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥
am¿-®v D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-bv-Xp.
A¿-l-X-s∏-´ A-h-Im-iw e-`n-
°m-sX 700 ¬-]-cw sXm-gn-em-
fn-Iƒ a-c-W-a-S-™ Z-b-\o-bm-
h-ÿ-bm-Wv \n-e-hn-ep-f-f-sX-
∂pw 2019 am¿-®v am-kw {Xn-Zn-
\ k-Xym-{K-l-sØ Xp-S¿-∂v
am-t\-Pv-sa‚ v \¬-In-b D-d-∏v
]m-en-°m≥ X-øm-dm-I-W-sa-
∂pw A-t±-lw B-h-iy-s∏-´p.
F-kv-bp-kn-sF(kn) Pn-√m
sk-{I-´-dn k-Jm-hv ssj-e
sI.tPm¨, F-sF-bp-Sn-bp-kn
Pn -√m sk-{I-´ -dn k-Jm-hv
_n.hn-t\m-Zv, bq-Wn-b≥ t\-Xm-
°-fm-b k-Jm-°ƒ _n.cm-a-N-
{μ≥, k-Zm-\-μ≥-]n-f-f, A-Jn-
te-¥ym a-ln-fm kmw-kv-Im-cn-
I kw-L-S-\ Pn-√m sk-{I-´-dn
k-Jm-hv Szn-¶nƒ {]-̀ m-I-c≥ Xp-
S-ßn-b-h¿ {]-kw-Kn-®p.
F-{X-bpw th-Kw {Km-‰p-hn-‰n
A¿-l-X-s∏-́ ap-gp-h≥ sXm-gn-
em-fn-Iƒ-°pw hn-X-c-Ww sN-øm-
Ø ]-£w Im-jyp tIm¿-∏-td-
j≥ sl-Uv Hm-^o-kn-\v ap-
∂n¬ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpw Ip-Spw-
_mw-K-ß-fpw A-\n-›n-X-Im-e
k-a-cw B-cw-̀ n-°p-sa-∂v bq-Wn-
b≥ ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v \¬-In.
Im-jyp tIm¿-∏-td-j≥ sl-Uv Hm-^o-kv am¿-®vkJmhv F-kv.cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-øp-∂p
Im-jyp tIm¿-∏-td-j≥sl-Uv Hm-̂ o-kv am¿-®pw [¿-Æ-bpw
sXm-gn-ep-S-a-Iƒ \n-b-a-hn-
cp-≤-am-bn A-S-®p-]q-́ n-b kz-Im-
cy I-ip-h-≠n ^m-Iv-S-dn-Iƒ
k¿-°m¿ G-s‰-Sp-Øv Xp-d-∂v
{]-h¿-Øn-∏n-°p-I, I-ip-h-≠n
cw-K-Øv hym-]-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂
sXm-gn¬ \n-b-a--ew-L-\-߃
X-S-bp-I, ^m-Iv-S-dn-Iƒ C-X-c-
kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-te-°v am-‰p-∂
\-S-]-Sn A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-I Xp-
S-ßn-b B-h-iy-ß-fp-∂-bn-®v I-
ip-h-≠n sXm-gn-em-fn sk‚¿
(F-sF-bp-‰n-bp-kn) t\-Xr-Xz-
Øn¬ sIm-√-Øv I-ip-h-≠n
sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS I-f-Iv-t{S-‰v
am¿-®v \-S-∂p.
I-ip-h-≠n sXm-gn -em-fn
sk‚¿ kw-ÿm-\ {]-kn -
U‚pw F-sF-bp-‰n-bp-kn kw-
ÿm-\ sk-{I-´-dn-bp-am-b k-
Jm-hv hn.-sI.k-Zm-\-μ≥ am¿-
®v D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-bv-Xp. F-√m
sXm-gn¬ \n-b-a-ß-fpw Im-‰n¬
]-d-Øn sXm-gn-ep-S-a-Iƒ G-I-
]-£o-b-am-bn \-S-Øp-∂ \n-b-
a-ew-L-\-ß-sf t{]m-’m-ln-
∏n-°p-∂ k-ao-]-\-am-Wv sXm-
gn¬-h-Ip-∏n-\p-f-f-sX-∂v A-t±-
lw ]-d-™p. \n-e-hn-ep-f-f ap-
gp-h≥ sXm-gn¬ \n-b-a-ß-sf-
bpw C-√m-bv-a sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v
tIm¿-∏-td-‰p -Iƒ-°p-th-≠n
sXm-gn-em-fn hn-cp-≤ te-_¿
tIm-Up-Iƒ sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂
tam-Zn k¿-°m-cn-s‚ \-b-߃-
s°-Xn-cm-b k-a-c-sØ C-Ø-
cw \o-°-߃ Zp¿-∫-e-s∏-Sp-
Øp-sa-∂pw A-t±-lw Nq-≠n--
°m-´n. km-aq-ly-t£-a s]≥-
j≥ hm-ßp-∂-Xn-s‚-t]-cn¬
sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS Aw-im-Zm-
bwsIm-≠v- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂
t£-a-\n-[n t_m¿-Uv s]≥-
j≥ kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m¿ \n¿-
Ø-em-°n-b \-S-]-Sn D-S≥ ]n≥-
h-en-°-W-sa-∂pw A-t±-lw B-
h-iy-s∏-´p.
bq-Wn-b≥ P-\-d¬ sk-{I-
´-dn k-Jm-hv F-kv.cm-[m-Ir-jv-
W≥ A-≤y-£-X h-ln-®p. F-
kv-bp-kn-sF(I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv) Pn-
√m sk-{I-´-dn k-Jm-hv ssj-
e sI.tPm¨, F-sF-bp-‰n-bp-
kn Pn-√m sk-{I-´-dn k-Jm-hv
_n.hn-t\m-Zv, k-Jm-hv _n.cm-a-
N-{μ≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ {]-kw-Kn-
®p. sI.-F-kv.-B¿.-Sn.kn Pw-Kv-
j-\n¬ \n-∂pw B-cw-`n-® am¿-
®n-\vv bq-Wn-b≥ t\-Xm-°-fm-b
k-Jm-°ƒ ]n.-]n.{]-im-¥v-Ip-
am¿, B¿.l-cn-Zm-k≥, B-\-
μ≥-]n-f-f, k-Xo-i≥, ]p-jv-]-
h-√n, cm-[, l-cn-Zm-k≥-]n-f-f,
{io-Ip-am¿ Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ t\-Xr-
Xzw \¬-In.
I-ip-h-≠n sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sSI-f-Iv-t{S-‰v am¿-®v
I-ip-h-≠n sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS sIm√w I-f-Iv-t{S-‰v am¿-®vk-Jm-hv hn.-sI.k-Zm-\-μ≥ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-øp∂p
tam-Zn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-
ep-≈ tI-{μ _nsP]n k¿-
°m¿ cm-Py-sØ sXm-gn-em-fn-
Iƒ Po-h≥ sIm-Sp-Øv s]m-cp-
Xn t\-Sn-b sXm-gn¬ \n-b-a-
߃ G-Xm-≠v ap-gp-h≥ X-s∂
C-√m-bv-a sN-bv-Xp sIm-≠v G-
Xm-\pw te-_¿ tIm-Up-Iƒ
sIm-≠p h-cp-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-sc F-
sF-bp-‰n-bp-kn sk-]v-‰w-_¿
5\v A-Jn-te-¥ym {]-Xn-tj-[
Zn-\w B-N-cn-®p.
I-gn-™ tam-Zn k¿-°m-cn-
s‚ Im-e-Øp-X-s∂ \o-Xn B-
tbm-Kn-eq-sS sXm-gn¬ A-h-Im-
i-߃ A-́ n-a-dn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈
\o-°w Xp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. c-
≠mw tam-Zn k¿-°m¿ A-[n-Im-
c-Øn-te-dn D-S≥ X-s∂ hn-tZ-
i-˛-kz-tZ-i tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-Iq-sS
Xm-ev-]-cy-߃-°-\p-k-cn-®v, cm-
Py-sØ Aw-Ko-Ir-X t{S-Uv bq-
Wn-b\pI-sf tIƒ-°m≥ t]m-
epw X-øm-dm-hm-sX te-_¿
tIm-Up-Iƒ {]m-_-ey-Øn¬
sIm-≠p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
sXm-gn¬ kp-c-£, an-\n-aw
Iq-en, 8 a-Wn-°q¿ tPm-en,
s]≥-j≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw
A-´n-a-dn-®p-sIm-≠v, \n-›n-X
Im-e sXm-gn¬, I-cm¿-∏-Wn,
4628 cq-] an-\n-aw th-X-\w, 14
a-Wn-°q¿ h-sc \o-fp-∂ {]-hr-
Øn Zn-\w Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv
sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.
H-∏w, s]m-Xp-ta-J-em ÿm-
]-\-ß-fp-sS k-ºq¿-Æ kz-Im-
cy-h¬-°-W-hpw X-Ir-Xn-bm-bn
\-S-Øp-I-bm-Wv. {]-Xn-tcm-[ D-
ev-]m-Z-\-ta-J-e, ssh-Zyp-Xn, sd-
bn¬-sh, _n-F-kv-F≥-F¬, H-
F≥-Pn-kn, _m-¶v, C≥-jq-d≥-
kv C-h-sb-√mw cm-Py-Øn-\-I-
Øpw ]p-d-Øp-ap-≈ Ip-Ø-II
ƒ-°v ssI-am-dp-I-bm-Wv.
B-im h¿-°¿, Aw-K-W-hm-
Sn, D-®-̀ -£-W sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ
Xp-S-ßn-b k-v-Inw h¿-°¿-am-sc
k¿-°m¿ ta-J-e-bn-se sXm-gn-
em-fn-I-fm-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-W-
sa-∂ tI-{μ t{S-Uv bq-Wn-b-
\p-I-fp-sS B-h-iy-hpw k¿-
°m¿ ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n-√.
tam-Zn k¿-°m-cn-s‚ sXm-gn-em-fn-hn-cp-≤ te-_¿ tIm-Un-s\-Xn-sc
sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ cm-Py-hym-]-I-am-bn {]-Xn-tj-[n-®p
tam-Zn k¿-°m-cn-s‚ sXm-gn-
em-fn hn-cp-≤ te-_¿ tIm-Un-
s\-Xn-sc F-sF-bp-‰n-bp-kn B-
lzm-\w sN-bv-X AJn-te¥y
{]-Xn-tj-[ Zn\m-N-c-W--Øn-s‚
`m-K-am-bn kw-ÿm-\-Øv hn-hn-
[ Pn-√-I-fn¬ sXm-gn-em-fn {]-
I-S-\-ß-fpw {]-Xn-tj-[ tbm-K-
ß-fpw \-S-∂p. sIm-√w, tN¿-
Ø-e, tIm-́ -bw, sXm-Sp-]p-g, G-
d-Wm-Ip-fw, tIm-gn-t°m-Sv F-∂n-
hn-S-ß-fn¬ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS
{]-Xn-tj-[ ]cn-]m-SnIƒ \-S-∂p.
_nsP]n k¿-°m-cn-s‚ sXm-gn-
em-fn hn-cp-≤ te-_¿ tIm-Uv
I-Øn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
tIm-gn-t°m-Sv \-K-c-Øn¬ \-S-∂ {]-Xntj[tbm-K-Øn¬ F-sF-bp-‰n-bp-kn kwÿm-\ sk-{I´dn
k-Jm-hv hn.sI.k-Zm-\-μ≥ {]-kw-Kn-°p∂p
FdWm-Ip-fw \-K-c-Øn¬ \-S-∂ {]-Xntj[ tbm-K-Øn¬F-kvbp-kn-sF(kn) kwÿm-\ sk-{I-t´-dnb-‰v Aw-Kw
k-Jm-hv Sn.sI.kp-[o¿-Ip-am¿ {]-kw-Kn-°p∂p
tIm´-bw Su-Wn¬ \-S-∂ {]-Xn-tj-[-tbm-K-Øn¬F-sF-bp-‰n-bp-kn Pn√m sk-{I´-dn
k-Jm-hv hn.]n.sIm®p-tam≥ {]-kw-Kn-°p∂p
Edited, Printed & Published by V.Venugopal, SUCI(C) Office, T.C. 12/1242, Law College Jn, Kunnukuzhy, Trivandrum - 695 035. Ph: 0471-2307151;E-mail: unitymagazine@gmail.com; Website: www.kerala.sucicommunist.org on behalf of Kerala State Committee, SUCI(C). Printed at Cochin Printech Pvt Ltd, Kochi.
UNITY September 2019Vol.46 No.6
Price : Rs 5.00MALAYALAMMONTHLY
Date of publishing 01/09/2019REGISTERED. R.N. 24773/1992P.R.No. KL/TV(N)/452/2018-2016
{]-ap-J N-cn-{X-]-fin-X
sdm-ao-e Ym-∏¿ P-h-l¿ em¬
s\-{lp bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-bn¬
F-an-d-‰v-kv s{]m-^-k-dm-bn Xp-
S-tc-≠-Xp-t≠m F-∂p ]-cn-tim-
[n-°p-hm-\m-bn A-h-cp-sS I-cn-
°p-ew hn-s‰ (A-°m-Z-an-Iv
tbm-Ky-X-Iƒ {]-kv-Xm-hn-°p-
∂ kz-bw km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b
tc-J) k-a¿-∏n-°m≥ B-h-iy-
s∏-´ sP-F≥-bp A-[n-Ir-X-cp-
sS lo-\-am-b \-S-]-Sn-bn¬ F-
sF-Un-F-kv-H {]-Xn-tj-[w
tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn.
F-an-d-‰v-kv s{]m-^-k¿ F-
∂ ]-Z-hn bm-sXm-cp km-º-Øn-
I t\-́ -hpw D-f-f-X-√. a-dn-®v A-
°m-Z-an-I-am-b Xm-Xv-]-cy-Øn-
\pw hn-Rv-Pm-\-Øn-s‚ hn-Im-
k-Øn-\pw th-≠n-bp-f-f-Xm-Wv.
A-¥m-cm-{„ {]m-[m-\y-ap-≈ ]-
fin-X-cp-sS K-th-j-W-hpw hn-
⁄m-\-hpw A-\p-` -h-k-º-
Øpw ssh-Rv-Pm-\n-I-hn-Im-k-
Øn-\v D-d-∏p h-cp-Øp-∂ H-∂m-
Wv F-an-d-‰v-kv s{]m-^-k¿-jn-
∏v. K-th-j-I-hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-sf
k-lm-bn-°p-I-bpw Nn-e k-μ¿-
`-ß-fn¬ ¢m-sk-Sp-°p-I-bp-am-
Wv F-an-d-‰v-kv s{]m-^-k¿-am¿
sN-øp-I. C-sXm-cp A-°m-Z-an-
°n-\v \¬-Ip-∂ B-Po-h-\m-¥
]-Z-hn-bm-Wv.
1970 ap-X¬ 1991 h-sc sP-
F≥-bp-hn¬ s{]m-^-k-dm-bn
tk-h-\-a¿-∏n-® hy-‡n-bm-Wv
sdm-ao-e Ym-∏¿. 1993em-Wv
s{]m-^ Ym-∏¿-°v F-an-d-‰v-kv
s{]m-̂ -k¿-jn-∏v \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.
N-cn-{X-]T-\-cw-K-sØ sdm-ao-e
Ym-∏-dp-sS B-Po-h-\m-¥ kw-̀ m-
h-\-Iƒ-°v bp-F-kv sse-{_-dn
Iu -̈kn-en-s‚ ¢q-Kv ]p-c-k-v-Im-
cw e-̀ n-®n-́ p-≠v. t\m-_¬ k-
Ωm-\-Øn-\v ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-Ø
hn-⁄m-\-im-J-I-fn-se kw-`m-
h-\-Iƒ-°v e-̀ y-am-Ip-∂ X-Øp-
ey-am-b ]p-c-k-v-Im-c-am-Wn-Xv.
\n-c-h-[n N-cn-{X ]p-kv-X-
Iß-fp-sS c-N-bn-Xm-hm-Wv sdm-
ao-e Ym-∏¿. \n-c-h-[n k¿-h-I-
em-im-e-Iƒ Un-en-‰pw tUm-Iv-
S-td-‰pw \¬-In Cu {]-Xn-`-sb
B-Z-cn-®n-´p-≠v. C-Ø-c-sam-cp
{]-Xn-`-bp-sS tk-h-\-sØ B-
Z-cn-t°-≠-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, A-h-cp-
sS I-cn-°p-ew hn-s‰ B-h-iy-
s∏-´ sP-F≥-bp \n-e-]m-Sv A-
Xy-¥w e-÷m-I-c-am-Wv. hn-Zym-
`ym-k-Øn-s‚ kz-Im-cy-h-Xv-°-
c-W-sØ-bpw N-cn-{X-sØ h-
{Io-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bpw k¿-h-
I-em-im-e-bp-sS kz-bw-`-c-Wm-
h-Im-i-ß-fn¬ ssI-I-S-Øp-∂-
Xn-s\-bp-sa-√mw \n-in-X-am-bn
hn-a¿-in-°p-∂ Cu ]-fin-X-
sb sP-F≥-bp-hn¬-\n-∂pw H-
gn-hm-°p-I-sb-∂ cm-{„o-b-t{]-
cn-X-am-b Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bp-sS
`m-K-am-Wv Cu \-S-]-Sn.
lo-\-am-b Cu \-S-]-Sn F-
{X-bpw-th-Kw ]n≥-h-en-°-W-sa-
∂v F-sF-Un-F-kv-H, sP-F≥-
bp A-[n-Ir-X-tcm-Sv B-h-iy-s∏-
Sp-∂p. hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fpw A-°m-
Z-an-I k-aq-l-hpw sP-F≥-bp
A-[n-Ir-X-cp-sS hn-⁄m-\-hn-
cp-≤-am-b Cu \o-°-sØ {]-
Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ cw-K-Øv h-c-W-
sa-∂v A-`y¿-∞n-°p-∂p, F-
sF-Un-F-kv-H A-Jn-te-¥ym
P-\-d¬ sk-{I-́ -dn A-tim-Iv an-
{i sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 3\v ]p-d-s∏-
Sp-hn-® ]-{X-°p-dn-∏n¬ A-̀ n-{]m-
b-s∏-´p.
sdm-ao-e Ym-∏-tdm-Sv I-cn-°p-ew hn-s‰ k-a¿-∏n-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-́sP-F≥-bp A-[n-Ir-X-cp-sS \-S-]-Sn {]-Xn-tj-[m¿-lw-
Jm-Z¿ I-Ωn-‰n dn-t∏m¿-´v Hm¿-Un-\≥-kn-eq-sS\-S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xns\ sN-dp°pI
A -Jn -te-¥ym a -ln -fm
kmw-kv-Im-cn-I kw-L-S-\-bp-sS
c-≠m-a-Xv B-{‘m-{]-tZ-iv kw-
ÿ-m-\ k-tΩ-f-\w B-K-Ãv
29,30 Xo-b-Xn-I-fn¬ A-\-¥-]q-
cn¬ \-S-∂p.
B-K-Ãv 29\v Ir-jv-W- I-em-
a-μn-dn¬-h-®v \-S-∂ s]m-Xp-k-
tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ kw-ÿm-\-sØ
hn-hn-[ Pn-√-I-fn¬-\n-∂v hn-
Zym¿-∞n-\n-I-fpw A-≤ym-]-I-c-
S-°w \q-dp-I-W-°n-\v h-\n-X-
Iƒ- ]-s¶-Sp-Øp. a-\p-jym-h-
Im-i k-an-Xn kw-ÿ-m-\ I-Ωn-
‰-n Aw-Kw F.N-{μ-ti-J¿ k-
tΩ-f-\w D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-bv-Xp.
Fw.tX-tPm-h-Xn A-≤y-£-X
h-ln-® k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ F-
sF-Fw-F-kv-F-kv A-Jn-te-
¥y ssh-kv-{]-kn-U‚ v an-\n
sI.^n-en-∏v ap-Jy-{]-kw-Kw \-
S-Øn. F-kv-bp-kn-sF(kn)
kw-ÿm-\ sk-{I-´-dn k-Jm-hv
_n.F-kv.A-a¿-\m-Yv ap-Jym-Xn-
Yn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Pn.e-fn-X, A-∂-
]q¿-Æ, kp-a-e-X F-∂n-h¿ {]-
kw-Kn-®p.
kv-{Xo-Iƒ C-∂v t\-cn-Sp-∂
F-√m-Ø-cw hn-th-N-\-߃-°pw
A-Xn-{I-a-߃-°pw a-Zy-hn-]-
Øn-\p-sa-Xn-sc \n-i-–-X -̀Rv-
Pn-®p-sIm-≠v [o-c-am-bn ap-t∂m-
v́ h-c-W-sa-∂pw cm-Py-Øn-s‚
sXm-gn-em-fn-h¿-§ ap-t∂-‰-hp-am-
bn A-t -̀Zy-am-bn _-‘-s∏-́ v h-
\n-X-I-fp-sS ap-t∂-‰w h-f¿-Øn-
sb-Sp-°-W-sa-∂pw an-\n sI.^n-
en-∏v B-lzm-\w sN-bv-Xp.
B-K-Ãv 30\v \-S-∂ {]-Xn-
\n-[n k-tΩ-f-\w k-Po-h-am-b
N¿-®-Iƒ-°v th-Zn-bm-bn. Pn.e-
fn-X {]-kn-U‚pw Fw.tX-tPm-
h-Xn sk-{I-́ -dn-bp-am-bn 25 Aw-
K kw-ÿm-\ Iu¨-kn-en-\v
k-tΩ-f-\w cq-]w-\¬-In.
FsF-Fw-F-kvF-kvB{‘m{]tZiv kwÿm-\ k-tΩf\w
tI-c-f kw-ÿm-\P-\-Io-b {]-Xn-tcm-[
k-an-Xn tIm-´-bw Pn-√mI-Ωn-‰n- 2019 B-K-Ãv 25\v "Im-iv-ao¿: {]-iv-\-hpw]-cn-lm-c-hpw' F-∂ hn-j-b-Øn¬ tIm´bwPn.F-kv.]-fl-Ip-am¿
`-h-\n¬ kw-L-Sn-∏n-®N¿-®-bn¬
tUm.sI.Fw.ko-Xnap-Jy{]-`m-j-Ww
\-S-Øp-∂p
\n-b-a-k-`-bn¬-t]m-epw
N¿-® sN-øm-sX Hm¿-Un-\≥-
kn-eq-sS Jm-Z¿ I-Ωn-‰n dn-
t∏m¿-́ v \-S-∏n-em-°m-\p-≈ ]n-
W-dm-bn hn-P-b≥ k¿-°m-cn-
s‚ Xo-cp-am-\w A-tß-b-‰w P-
\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv.
tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ s]m-Xp-hn-
Zym-`ym-k- L-S-\-bn-epw D-≈-
S-°-Øn-epw k-aq-e-hpw A-]-
I-S-I-c-hp-am-b am-‰-߃ \n¿-
tZ-in-°p-∂ dn-t∏m¿-´m-Wn-Xv.
hn-Zym-`ym-k A-h-Im-i \n-b-
aw \n-jv-I¿-jn-°pw-{]-Im-cw ]-
cn-jv-I-c-Ww \n¿-tZ-in-°-W-
sa-∂ t]-cn-em-Wv I-Ωn-‰n-sb
\n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-
`ym-k-Øn-s‚ km-º-Øn-I-
apƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ Np-a-X-e-Iƒ
{I-ta-W ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw P-\-
߃-°p-ta¬ sI-´-n-sh-bv-°p-
I F-∂-Xm-Wv hn-Zym-`ym-k
A-h-Im-i \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ A-
Sn-ÿm-\ e-£yw. C-X-\p-k-
cn-®v ss{]-a-dn hn-Zym-`ym-k
ÿm-]-\-߃ {Km-a-∏-©m-b-
Øp-Iƒ-°pw sk-°‚-dn hn-
Zym-`ym-k ÿm-]-\-߃ Pn-
√m ]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ-°pw \n-
b-a-{]-Im-cw-X-s∂ ssI-am-‰w
sN-ø-s∏-´n-´p-ap-≠v. F-∂m¬
tI-c-f-Øn¬ C-Xp-h-sc A-Xn-
\p-X-Ip-∂ a-‰v L-S-\m-]-cn-jv-
Im-c-߃ \-S-∂n-cp-∂n-√.
-̀c-W-]-c-am-b ta¬-t\m-́ w
H-‰ U-b-d-Iv-‰-td-‰n¬ tI-{μo-
I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v a-‰v D-Ø-c-hm-
Zn-Xz-߃ ]-cn-]q¿-Æ-am-bn hn-
tI-{μo-I-cn-°m-\p-≈ \n¿-tZ-i-
ß-fm-Wv Jm-Z¿ I-Ωn-‰n ap-
t∂m-´p-sh-®n-´p-≈-Xv. s]m-Xp-
hn-Zym-`ym-k-sØ X-I¿-°p-I
F-∂ tem-I-_m-¶n-s‚ Xm-ev-
]-cyw \-S-∏n-em-°p-I-X-s∂-bm-
Wv dn-t∏m¿-´pw e-£yw-sh-bv-
°p-∂-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂
dn-t∏m¿-´n-s\-Xn-sc i-‡-am-b
{]-Xn-tj-[w D-b¿-∂p-h-cn-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. Cu {]-Xn-tj-[-ß-
sf a-dn-I-S-°m-\m-Wv \n-b-a-k-
-̀bn¬ N¿-® sN-øp-I F-∂
Hu-]-Nm-cn-I-am-b P-\m-[n-]-Xy
{]-{In-b-bv-°p-t]m-epw X-øm-dm-
Im-sX Hm¿-Un-\≥-kn-eq-sS dn-
t∏m¿-́ v \-S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv.
tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ hn-Zym-̀ ym-k
`m-hn-sb A-]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂
Cu \-S-]-Sn-sb i-‡-am-b hn-
Zym-̀ ym-k {]-t£m-̀ -Øn-eq-sS
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