2013 population geography college hug

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population Geography:Population Geography:Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

• WhereWhere is the world's population is the world's population distributed? distributed?

• WhereWhere has the world's population has the world's population increased? increased?

• WhyWhy is population increasing at different is population increasing at different rates in different countries? rates in different countries?

• WhyWhy might the world face an might the world face an overpopulation problem?overpopulation problem?

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

• Density refers to the frequency with which something occurs

• Distribution refers to the arrangement of a feature in space

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Population DensityPopulation Density

• a measure of the number of people per unit area of land– arithmetic: people per unit area of

land– physiologic: people supported by

arable land– agricultural: farmers to amount of

arable land

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World Population DensityWorld Population Density

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United States DensityUnited States Density

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United States DensityUnited States Density

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Minnesota DensityMinnesota Density

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ChinaChina

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Population DistributionPopulation Distribution

• describes the locations on the Earth’s surface where people live

• Australia• Egypt• Mexico• Canada

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BangladeshBangladesh

• Population: 144,000,000• Area: 144,000 sq miles• 62% arable land (89,280 sq miles)• physiologic density=1612 people

per square mile of arable land

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Montana/United StatesMontana/United States

• Montana Population: 145,000• Area: 902,195 square miles• 18% arable land = 162,395 square miles• Physiologic density = 1119 per square mile

• US Population: 300,000,000• Area: 3,717,810 square miles• 19% arable land = 706,383 square miles• Physiologic density = 424 per square mile

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World Population World Population ConcentrationsConcentrations

• East Asia• South Asia• Southeast Asia• Europe

In the three Asian clusters, more than ½ the world’s population lives on less than 10% of the world’s land.

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World Population ClustersWorld Population Clusters

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East AsiaEast Asia

• China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan– 1/5 the world’s total population– 5/6 of the region’s population live in China,

mostly river and coastal regions– 2/3 of people in China live as farmers in rural

areas – In Japan and Korean Peninsula, ¾+ live in

urban areas and work in industry and service

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South AsiaSouth Asia

• India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka – 1/5 the world’s population– most are rural farmers (3/4), not city

dwellers – centered along Ganges and Indus

river valleys, lowlands and coastal areas

– restrained by mountains

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Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

• Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines– Island nations in the Pacific– Around river valleys and deltas

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EuropeEurope

• Britain, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, France, N Italy – ¾ live in cities– Less than 20% are farmers– Highest concentration near coal fields

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Subordinate RegionsSubordinate Regions

• Eastern US– Bosnywash, Chicago, Detroit,

Cleveland, California – In Europe and North America, cities

and towns more densely populated that rural areas

– Megalopolis

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Subordinate RegionsSubordinate Regions

• Western Africa– Nigeria most populous African country

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Birth Rate– number of live births per year per 1000

people in the population– +30 is high– highest today in Africa and SW Asia– lowest in Europe– inversely related to modernization,

industrialization, urbanization and economic development

– exception: China– US: 14/1000

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Death Rate– number of deaths per thousand

people in a given year– highest in tropical Africa– lowest in N America, S America,

Europe, Japan, Australia– high CDR’s tend to reflect high infant

mortality– US: 8/1000

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Population StatsPopulation Stats• Natural Increase

– difference between number of births and deaths during a specific time period

– US: .88%

Natural Increase

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

Birth rate Death rate

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Total Fertility Rate– the number of children born to women of child

bearing age– 15-45 ??– 2.1

Lowest Fertility RatesWorldwide

1.17

1.12

0.94

0.84

1.22

1.24

1.24

1.23

1.23

1.20

Belarus

Bulgaria

Republic of Moldova

Republic of Korea

Slovenia

Slovakia

Czech Republic

Ukraine

China, Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion

China, Macao Special Administrative Region

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Infant Mortality Rate– the number of children who die before

they reach one year– US: 6.3/1000

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Linear Growth– increases in a uniform amount during

a series of equal time periods

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Exponential Growth– increases in a compounding amount

over a series of equal time periods

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Doubling Time– the time it takes to double a country’s

population – 70 / NIR = Doubling Time

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Ninth

Eighth

Seventh

Sixth

Fifth

Fourth

Third

Second

First Billion

Number of years to add each billion (year)

All of Human History (1800)

130 (1930)

30 (1960)

15 (1975)

12 (1987)

12 (1999)

14 (2013)

14 (2027)

21 (2048)

Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

World Population Growth, in BillionsWorld Population Growth, in Billions

1st Billion: 1800 years2nd Billion: 130 years4th Billion: 45 years8th Billion: 52 years

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Population Explosion– refers to the rapid growth of the

world’s population during the last century accompanied by ever shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population Center of the Population Center of the USUS