20120302152555.phillip jordan on road safety at roadworks mataram
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“Road safety at road work sites”
Phillip Jordan
IndII Consultant
Mataram 30th and 31st January 2012
Objectives of this presentation:
1. To introduce you to road safety engineering.
2. To introduce you to safer ways of managing your road work sites.
3. To explain traffic management plans (TMP’s)
The world has a large road safety problem.
o 1.3 million deaths each year on roads of the world
o More than 15 million people injured
o Expected to increase rapidly, unless action is taken urgently
o A “Decade of Action in Road Safety” has started
Indonesia has a massive road safety problem
32,000+ deaths each year on the roads of Indonesia (2010)
Over 250,000 are injured (700 per day) - 2.5% of GDP
61% of deaths are motorcyclists
15% of deaths are pedestrians
Road safety engineering is one profession that has an important role to play in road safety. Police, teachers, researchers, doctors and others also have important roles in road safety.
Manual 3 – Road Safety at Work Sites Manual and accompanying DVD (Bahasa and English versions)
A manual and audio visual aid that offers simple diagrams and information
about how to sign and make various common types of road works (i.e., long-term on divided roads, short-term on busy undivided roads, work where a lane is closed, detours, etc)
GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY – A CHALLENGE FOR US ALL
A typical scene in many rapidly motorising nations
Serious crashes at road work sites are three times more common than on other sections of road.
A fatal bus crash outside Palembang – in a road work site
ARE YOUR ROAD WORKS UNSAFE?
What do we look for?
What more can we do?
Do not blame drivers/riders for all crashes.
Our roads are not perfect – we must improve them.
What is unsafe with this side track?
What is unsafe with this side track?
What is unsafe here?
Unsafe work practices No safety vests Few warning signs No protective barriers
What is unsafe with this long term work site?
WE SHOULD NEVER BLAME ONLY THE
DRIVERS/RIDERS?
There is more that we (engineers ) can do to contribute to road safety for all!!
There should be no surprises on Indonesian roads!
WHAT IS A ROAD CRASH?
“a rare, random, multi-factorial event in which one or more road users has failed to cope with their environment.”
AN UNNECESSARY TRAGEDY DUE TO ROAD WORKS!
This man was one of five killed in a head-on crash with a truck in India. The Highway was a divided highway (2 carriageways). The contractor had closed one
carriageway for maintenance – sending all traffic two way along the other carriageway. He did not inform the on-coming traffic to expect two way traffic –
hence this tragedy.
Remember this when you inspect the Airport Road later.
Accident implies that :
the cause was unpredictable
no human could have done anything to prevent it
it is outside of our “control”
It was in the “hands of the gods”
These are crashes –
they are not “accidents”
We should use the word “CRASH”
A road crash:
• Can have “things” done to prevent it
• Is within our “control”
• Can be prevented
• Is related closely to risk, and is predictable
We should use the word “CRASH”
To break that chain, where do we start??
Lets look at a “typical” chain of events……
A road crash is the end result of a chain of events…
A 36 year old male is the driver of this truck. He is also the mechanic. His boss allows him to drive it home some weekends.
The chain of events……
One weekend, he spends the whole (frustrating)
weekend repairing it (especially the brakes which were
worn)
He finishes late Sunday – it took much more time than
he had expected
Friends drop around – just as he finishes the repair work
Relaxing - they drink and talk until very late
He does not get much sleep
The chain of events……
Monday morning – he must start early loading sand at the river near
the city.
Little sleep, no breakfast, late for work.
Drives the truck along a National Highway towards work.
The chain of events……
Traffic is heavy.
The highway has unsealed shoulders.
The chain of events……
He travels fast.
Many motorcyclists – plus some pedestrians and bicyclists.
Light rain is falling.
The chain of events……
He drives very close to the truck ahead of him – impatient to overtake.
He tries several times. The truck ahead has dirty/broken brake lights.
There is a bus in front of that truck.
The chain of events……
The road is very “slick” - it has little skid resistance. Wet.
There are no sealed shoulders. Many big “drop-offs” from the pavement.
The chain of events……
He knows there is an overtaking lane ahead – he accelerates to overtake the slow bus and truck.
The chain of events……
Suddenly........roadworks!
The slow lane is blocked; no advanced warning signs.
The bus and the other truck swerve to the right - without warning.
The chain of events……
The chain of events……
Suddenly........roadworks!
The slow lane is blocked; no advanced warning signs.
The bus and the other truck swerve to the right - without warning.
The chain of events……
Our 36 year old driver has no time to react – to avoid a “side swipe”
collision he swings his truck to the right hoping to miss the other truck
– hardly slowing. At that instant a motorcycle with 3 girls on it is
travelling past in the other direction. They are not wearing helmets!
Our truck driver brakes late and hard – but the new brakes “grab”.
The truck strikes the motorcyclists.
It then side swipes the bus – tipping it over.
The chain of events……
One passenger dead
What - in this chain of events - „caused‟ the crash ?
• Two motorcyclists killed (head injuries), one very seriously
injured. One bus passenger also dies.
• Police and legal action follows
Possible causes………
• His frustrating weekend?
• His drinking?
• His lack of sleep?
• Excessive speed?
• His impatience and inattention?
• The girls on the motorcycle – not wearing helmets?
• The new brakes of his truck?
• The dirty/broken brake lights of the other truck?
• The rain?
• The bus and truck swerving road because of the roadworks?
• Materials being stored on the road?
• The “slick” road conditions?
• The lack of sealed shoulders?
• The big “drop-off” from the pavement?
• No advanced warning of the roadworks?
Engineers could have broken this chain of events by:
Sealing the shoulders (create an “escape” route)
Eliminating the big drop offs from pavements
Store materials off the road
Much better advanced warning of the road works
Improving the roads – and especially roadworks sites – is one of the best things an
engineer can do to improve road safety in Indonesia.
YOU CAN SAVE LIVES!
HOW CAN WE SAVE LIVES AT ROADWORKS? BY ENSURING – AT ALL OUR ROADWORKS – THAT WE:
Warn
Inform
Guide
Control
Forgive
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Warning plus regulatory traffic signs
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
SPECIFIC INFORMATION
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
SPECIFIC INFORMATION
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Plastic bollards, hazard markers
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Traffic controllers
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Speed limits
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Temporary barriers
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Very unsafe barriers
Jelek!
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Very unsafe location
Jelek!
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Road engineers should....
Very unforgiving location
Jelek!
Traffic control at road works is a major problem in most developing countries
EVERYONE HAS A ROLE IN ROAD SAFETY
AT WORK SITES
Supervising engineers :
Be aware of their responsibility to manage the site safely
Appoint a Safety Engineer
Provide safety training for all staff
Monitor the site for safety
Workers:
Take responsibility for their own safety
Follow all safety directions
Wear safety vests at all times on the road
Road users:
Comply with all road rules, including speed limits
Recurring unsafe practices observed in Indonesia at roadworks Insufficient visibility to first advance warning signs
In the urban area, signs hidden by parked vehicles.
In rural areas, no advanced signs – or sometimes hidden by grass, trees
Use of illegal (unofficial) signs
Use of concrete blocks as delineators
Signs blown over
Little/no use of speed restriction signs
Lack of signing of side roads
Lack of flashing lights on construction plant
14
At road works
Recurring unsafe practices observed in Indonesia at
roadworks
Lack of cones, and often no tapers.
Tapers too short.
Use of painted 44 gallon drums filled with concrete.
Excavations not separated enough from the traffic.
Little or no delineation of excavations.
No barrier protection for worker safety.
No barrier protection for pedestrians.
Workers not wearing high visibility clothing.
15
At road works
NO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OR CONTROL
TOO MANY SIGNS TOGETHER, CONFUSING
NO SIGNS TO WARN OF SUDDEN CHANGE IN PAVEMENT
UNSAFE “BARRIERS”, NO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OF
ONE LANE, TWO WAY TRAFFIC
NO WARNING OF STOCKPILE AHEAD ON THIS
NATIONAL HIGHWAY
IndII and DGH has developed a manual to assist you, Contractors and Consultants to plan and implement safer road works sites.
Please follow the manual to make your road works safer – for all.
LONG TERM WORKS - LONGER THAN ONE DAY
SHORT TERM WORKS - MOBILE
- STATIONARY
ZONE CONCEPT - ADVANCE WARNING ZONE
- TRANSITION ZONE
- WORK ZONE
- TERMINATION ZONE
ENCOURAGES YOU TO PLAN YOUR WORKS
ENCOURAGES YOU TO DEVELOP A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN
GIVES YOU SOME DRAWINGS TO GUIDE YOU
Manual 3 explains...........
PART A – AN INTRODUCTION TO
ROAD WORK SAFETY
Five phases of managing a work site
FIRSTLY, YOUR ROAD WORKS NEEDS A TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT PLAN
What is a Traffic Management Plan (TMP)?
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS (TMP’S)
A TMP is a plan that shows the signs, barriers and devices to be used at your work site for the duration of your work.
A TMP should be prepared by an experienced and qualified engineer.
It should then be checked for accuracy and safety.
It is then implemented
An example of a TMP
Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan
LONG TERM WORKS
SHORT TERM (MOBILE) WORKS
Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan
PLANNING YOUR ROAD WORKS IS IMPORTANT
Minimise the number of “starts” and “stops”
along your road work.
Have plenty of “good” signs available for use.
Reflective. Clean. Correct.
Make sure staff are trained and aware. It is their
safety too! Safety vests for all.
Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan
Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan
Through work area – most common.
Past work area – also common.
A side track ( by-pass) – less common.
A detour – mainly in urban areas.
Planning
Safety vests are essential for all workers
Think also of managing speeds and managing clearance distance between your workers and the vehicles
Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan
REMEMBER
Five phases of managing a work site
PART B – THE ZONE CONCEPT
Typical work zones
Typical work zones
Advance warning zone
Transition guidance zone
Work zone
Termination zone
Five phases of managing a work site
PART C - TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
FOR USE AT ROAD WORK SITES
MANUAL 3 PART C TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES FOR USE AT ROAD WORK SITES
Signs
What these are?
Where they can be safely used?
What design features to note?
Speed restrictions
What these are?
What design features to note?
Barriers
What these are?
Where they can be safely used -
offsets, behind kerbing, deflections?
What design features to note?
Other devices
Details of a variety of other devices
such as lights, flags, flagmen, truck
mounted attenuators, temporary
signals.
Signs – the most common device used at road works.
Multi message signs are useful for road works
THREE COMMON PROBLEMS WITH SIGNS
AT INDONESIAN ROAD WORKS
No signs, or not enough signs Dirty, non-reflective signs (often incorrect ) Too many signs, wrongly placed too close together
No signs entering road works
No signs departing road works
Not enough signs to alert drivers/riders
Wrong sign – no workers here
Wrong sign – no workers here after hours
No signs to direct drivers/riders
Placing signs
SPEED MANAGEMENT
Engineers must install correct signs
Police must then enforce the new limit
THINK ABOUT - AND ACT ON – ROADWORKS SPEED LIMITS
Use a lower speed limit at your worksite if: - Workers will be closer than 3m to the traffic - Machinery will have to share the road with moving traffic - The H or V geometry will be effected by the road works so that sight lines may be reduced. - There is loose material on the road. - Pedestrians and/or bicyclists may be present
Remember line marking
Give Way sign Temporary traffic signals Traffic controllers – each end with radios Do nothing – let traffic sort itself out!
Two way traffic in a single traffic lane
Do nothing – high risk, especially at night
Five phases of managing a work site
FOLLOW UP INSPECTION TO REPORT
IMPROVEMENTS
Approximately one month after this workshop, IndII consultants will again visit your EINRIP work site and will audit your signs/devices.
IndII wants to see that our workshops are effective.
We want you to help us but (most of all) help the road users.
PART D – INDONESIAN CASE STUDIES
Case study 1
Case study 2
Case study 3
Case study 4
Case study 5
Case study 6
Case study 7
Case study 8
Case study 10
Case study 11
Case study 12
Case study 13
Case study 14
Case study 15
Case study 16
PART E – SETTING OUT DIAGRAMS
Two lane, two way road
Work site on the road, but still space for two lanes
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Guide them there
Manage them past the work site
Tell them when they are out of the zone
For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road
Work site on the road, but only space for one lane
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Guide them there
Manage them past the work site – give way signs
or traffic controllers
Tell them when they are out of the zone
For Indonesian roads
For Indonesian roads
Two lane, one way road
Work site on the road, but only space for one lane
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Guide them into one lane – warning signs for lane
drop
Manage them past the work site – give strong tapers
with plastic bollards
Tell them when they are out of the zone
Two lane, two way road
Work site on the road, traffic drives through work site
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Separate the two directions with delineators
Tell them when they are out of the zone
For Indonesian roads
For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road – being duplicated
Work site closing one carriageway, all traffic to be
detoured
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Build an all weather detour track (fit for motorcycles too!)
Guide them there
Separate the two directions with strong delineation with
bollards
Tell them when they are out of the zone
For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road
Work site closing one direction, all traffic to be detoured
via one way side track
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Build an all weather detour track (fit for motorcycles too!)
Guide them there
Provide strong delineation with bollards
Tell them when they are out of the zone
REMEMBER
As the engineer responsible for a road work site, ensure that you act on the following key points: • Always prepare a traffic management plan. • Use the Zone Concept. • Make sure the zones are long enough to perform correctly. • For larger projects, have the TMP audited by an independent team. • Work with local Traffic Police to keep speeds low through the work site. • Ensure the Contractor has sufficient signs/cones to fully comply with your TMP. • Maintain a Safety (Buffer) Zone around the Work Area to protect your workers.
As the engineer responsible for a road work site, ensure that you act on the following key points: • Never allow concrete blocks/branches/rocks to be used for delineation. • Inspect your work site every day – repair or replace any missing or damaged sign or device. • Keep equipment and materials out of the clear zone. • Sweep the road regularly. • Put yourself into “the shoes of the road user” – what will they make of your work? • Finally – record all/any crashes in your work site. Learn from these – can improvements be made.
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