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Heart AnatomyBlood Flow CCS ECG Heartium

Describe the chambers in the heart and their functions.

Atria: collection chambersseparated by interatrial septum

Ventricles: discharging chambersseparated by interventricular septumwalls consists of papilary muscleslarger in size and more muscular

Name the four valves in the heart and their locations

1. Atrioventricular valve: Right AVaka tricuspid2. Atrioventricular : Left AV aka bicuspid3.pulmonary semilunar valve

4. Aortic semilunar valve

• A backflow of blood caused by a faulty valve is called a __________.

mumur

What are the 3 layers of heart tisse?

1. Pericardium: 2 layered sac surrounding the heart tissue; contains serous fluid

2. Epicardium: lines the outside of the heart3. Endocardium: muscle tissue; inner layer

of heart tissue

The angle of the heart within the chest should be between ____ and

_____?

0- 90 degrees

Blood that drains into the right atria from these veins

Superior and inferior vena cava

Pulmonary veins deposit _______ blood into the _______ _________.

Oxygenated; left atrium

The blood flow is divided into these 2 circuits.

Systemicpulmonary

This ascending and descending vessel takes blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

aorta

DAILY DOUBLE

• Describe the flow of blood through the heart? (limited time)

Superior and inferior vena cava-right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary semi-lunar valve-pulmonary arteries-lungs-

pulmonary veins-left atrium-mitral valve-left ventricle-aortic valve-

aorta-branches of aorta (brachiocephalic, supclavian,

carotid)

This part of the CCS is known as the primary pace maker.

Where is it located?

SA nodelocated in wall of right atrium near opening of the superior vena cava

The AV node, located in right atrium, send electrical impulses to this

bundle of fibers.

AV bundle“bundle of His”

These fibers function to contract the ventricles and are stimulated by the

______________.

Purkinje fibers; AV bundle

This node can be called a secondary pacemaker, making the heart beat

~60 beats/min.

AV node

• The heart muscle is considered ______ ___________ even in the absence of an externally applied nervous impulse.

• It can be placed in these certain aqueous solutions to stimulate contractions.

Self-excitatory

This wave depicted on an ECG involves the depolarization of the

ventricular walls.

QRS complex

Which wave represents the depolorization of the atria?

P wave

What does the T wave represent?

Repolarization of the ventricles; relaxation of ventricular walls

Which wave on the ECG represents the repolarization of the atria?.

Not depicted on the graph b/c it is masked by the QRS complex, not

recorded as a distinct wave.

Explain the following equation

CO=HR x SV

Cardiac output is equivalent to the heart rate times the amount of blood

with each beat

a. What is an arrhythmia? b. List 3 factors that can affect heart rate

Altered heart rhythms or irregular heart beat

factors: temperatureions

drugsphysical activity (exercise)

Explain the condition of tachycardia and possible causes.

Abnormally fast heart rate (100beats/min)

caused by shock, drugs, hormones, heart disease, increase in body temperature, exercise, anemia

Justify why ventricular fibrillation is more life threatening than atrial

fibrillation.

Ventricles pump O2 blood to systemic and pulmonary

circuits…..

During ______ the heart is relaxed.

diastole

Systole involves the _____ of blood through the systemic and

______ circuits.

The pressure in the arteries become _______ and the _______ close.

Ejection; pulmonary

greater; semilunar valves