2 versions of the beginning the myth: romulus and remus are the twin sons of a princess and the god...
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2 versions of the beginningThe Myth: Romulus and Remus are the twin sons
of a princess and the god Mars, born 800 BCE.The parents leave the babies in the woods to be
raised by a she-wolf. The boys are found by a shepherd and his wife .
Romulus kills Remus and goes on to become the founder of Rome
The History:Latins settled on Palatine – a fertile place with good
soil and climate – 1200 BCEThe Etruscans later settled there and ruled for 200
years.The Romans overthrew the Etruscans in 509BCE
and established a republic
Rome has conquered and controls all of Italy by 275 BCE
The city-state of Carthage rules much of Spain, North Africa, and Sicily
Rome and Carthage begin a war for more territory – Punic Wars
The Romans fought the Carthaginians for control of the Mediterranean Sea
General Hannibal – fierce warrior rides elephants into battle. He is defeated at Zama – Carthage loses all its territories to Rome
By 146 BCE Rome was the leading power of the Mediterranean Sea
147 BCERome is BIG – lots of poverty, unemployment, huge
gap between rich and poorSome in Rome want a powerful Senate to lead, but
Julius Caesar wants to have total power.After other Generals give power to the army or
senate, Caesar takes power and builds his own army
Caesar conquers Britain, Libya, Egypt, Cyrenaica, Syria, Numidia, Asia Minor
Caesar is very unpopular in the government because he is a dictator – killed by enemies on March 15 , 44 BCE
Beware the Ides of March
Julius dies and the power goes to 3 men – Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian. Cleopatra likes Marc Antony.
Antony and Cleopatra go to war with Octavian ( Caesar’s adopted son) – Octavian wins. Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide to avoid becoming prisoners.
Octavian takes the title “Augustus” honored and brings to Rome the Pax Romana – Peace and Unity for the Empire
He ends the expansion of the empire at defensible borders – English Channel, Rhine, Danube, Euphrates, Sahara Desert
Augustus’ successors accepted his foreign policies – defensible borders
Roman Empire was its largest under Trajan in 117 AD
5 Good Emperors ruled between 96-186 AD, after that civil wars began and the emperors lost control
Diocletian divides the empire in 284Barbarians began to attackInternal signs of decline included the gladiator
games
Constantine moved the capital of Rome to Constantinople and begins to move the empire toward Christianity
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