2 skeleton in protozoa

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

“Skeleton In Protozoa”

A presentation compiled from various sources by

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA,Zoology Dept. Bhavan’s College, Andheri.

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Sites from which presentations have been downloaded and later editted. I am indeed thankful to them for their kindness and support :http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/cb/org/organelles.htmlhttp://faculty.pnc.edu/jcamp/parasit/parasit.htmlhttp://www.amnh.org/rose/hope/creatinghope/http://www.biology.eku.edu/SCHUSTER/bio%20141/POWERPOINT%20NOTES/Intro%20to%20Protozoa_files/fullscreen.htmhttp://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~zoology/eeob405/http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/pwpt/http://www.iep.water.ca.gov/suisun/photos/wildlife.htmlhttp://www.uta.edu/biology/marshall/2343/http://www.uta.edu/biology/faculty/faculty.htmlhttp://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Zoology/PowerPoint.htmhttp://bio.fsu.edu/http://www.aw-bc.com/http://www.nhm.org/http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/education/course/descr/EAS302/presentations/

It is very easy to find mistakes in these presentations…..I request you to kindly rectify them and supply me the modifications needed at parvishpandya@yahoo.comThanks a lot and have fun in teaching & learning Zoology….

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

PHYLUM PROTOZOA(protos = first ; zoon = animal)

UnicellularNucleatedMotileHeterotrophic

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

SALIENT FEATURES

Habit: Solitary/Colonial;Free living/Parasitic; Commensalism/Mutualism.Habitat: Sea water, Fresh water, Moist soil & Fecal deposits.Size: Microscopic(2-3 microns)Shape: Spherical, Discoidal, Oval, Spindle shaped, Flattened or Irregular

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Characteristics of Protozoa

• - Unicellular • - single cells • - some live in colonies

Types of Symmetry • - Asymmetrical • - Radial • - Spherical • - Bilateral

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Protozoa: Life Styles & Locomotion• Life Styles

– Free Living – Symbiosis- Living together; some examples:

• Mutualism: (+ +) • Commensalism: (+ 0) • Parasitism: (+ -)

• Locomotion (sessile vs. free moving) – Pseudopodia (sol-gel reaction)

• Phagocytosis- feeding using pseudopods – Flagella (single or paired usually) – Cilia (many with peristaltic

movement)

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Protozoa Organelles

• Organelles – Nucleus: reproduction – cell membrane: respiration – contractile vacuole: water balance and

excretion (osmoregulation) • Osmosis vs. Diffusion• Semipermeable Membrane• Hyperosmotic vs. Hypoosmotic

– food vacuole: digestion – myofibrils: movement– neurofibrils: irritability

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Nutrition in Protozoa

• Feeding– Autotrophs- self feeding, plants–– Heterotrophs- eat others, animals–– Holozoic- eat pieces of food–– Saprozoic- eat at the molecular level

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Reproduction in Protozoa• Reproduction

– Sexual: meiosis- reduction division – diploid to haploid

• Gametes: eggs and sperm • in protozoans it is called conjugation

• Asexual (vegetative): • mitosis- duplication division

• diploid to diploid

– types include: • binary fission: transverse or longitudinal

• multiple fission

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

KINGDOM PROTISTA

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

SKELETON

• Hard, Rigid or Flexible body covering.• It consists of organic matter like gelatin,

tectin/pseudotectin, cellulose/calcium carbonate/silica/sand particles/shell pieces & spicules etc.

• It can be gelatinous, chitinous, calcareous or siliceous.

• It is divided into i)Theca ii)Lorica iii)Shell(test).

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

TYPES OF SKELETON1] THECA

Eg: Dinoflagellates such as Ceratium, Peridinium etc.

2] LORICAEg: Klebsiella, Cladomonas, Dinobryon, Poteriodendron, Cothurina etc.

3] SHELLEg:Arcella, Difflugia, Elphidium etc.

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Amoeba under microscope

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Phagocytosis in Amoeba

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Paramoecium

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Paramoecium : Digestion

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Kinety

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Euglena

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Acanthometra Actinopod

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Actinophrys

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Actinopoda

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Actinosphaerium

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Arcella

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Companulata

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Ceratium

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Section thro Pellicle of Dinoflagellate

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Choanoflagellate

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Ciliary Beating

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Difflugia

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Difflugia

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dinobryon

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Elphidium

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Epheolotes

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Noctiluca

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Foraminiferan Shells

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Gonyaulax : Red Tide

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Globigerina

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Heliozoan

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Nodosaria

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Plasmodium sketch

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Plasmodium in RBC

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Radiolarian

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Radiolarian Shells

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Rhizopod Filopodia

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Spiroloculina

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Stentor

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Textularia

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Trichonympha

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Trypanosoma

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Trichomonas vaginalis

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Volvox

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Vorticella

Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation

Significance of Protozoan Skeleton

• Study helps in detecting presence of petroleum oil in sea beds.

• Skeletons of foraminiferans useful in checking logs during drilling of oil wells.

• Help in Geological Time Scale.