2 nd qtr. eqt review

2nd Qtr. EQT Review

___________ is the breaking down of rock due to chemical and physical reactions.

Weathering

_______ is the process by which wind, water, ice, and gravity transport materials from one location to another.

erosion

_______ is the process of completely clearing the land

of trees.

deforestation

Classify these actions as destructive or constructive:

1. strip mining 2. mountain building

3. deforestation

1. Destructive2. Constructive3. Destructive

A _______ force is responsible for creating landforms.

constructive

A ________ force is responsible for changing or destroying

landforms

Destructive

_______ are explosive volcanoes made entirely of pyroclastic

materials, they have narrow bases and steep slopes.

Cinder cone

_______ are nonexplosive volcanoes made from repeated layers of runny

lava; they have broad bases and gently sloping sides.

Shield volcano

Where do volcanoes usually form?

Along tectonic plate boundaries

_________ also stratovolcanoes;are the most common type that

forms from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by

quieter flows of lava.

Composite volcanoes

1. ______ is the name of molten rock within the earth.

2. _______ is the name of molten rock above the surface of the earth.

1. Magma

2. Lava

__________ eruption result in clouds of hot debris, ash, and hot gases being hot from a volcano.

Explosive

_______ very common eruption that produces relatively calm flows

of lava

nonexplosive

Name the type of volcano pictured

Cinder cone

Name the type of volcano pictured

Composite volcano (stratovolcano)

Name the type of volcano pictured

Shield volcano

A type of rock that is formed from cooling magma

igneous

A type of rock that forms under high pressure and high

temperature but is not exposed to enough heat to melt it.

metamorphic

A type of rock that is formed by compaction and cementation of

sediments.

sedimentary

The process by which one rock changes into another.

Rock Cycle

Know this chart:

________ is the point where an earthquake begins beneath the

surface of the Earth.

focus

______ is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of

the earthquake.

epicenter

How does the intensity of an earthquake change as the distance

from the epicenter increases?

As the distance increases the intensity decreases.

Where do earthquakes and volcanoes most commonly occur?

Along tectonic plate boundaries

Name the fault that matches the boundary:

1. Transform – 2. Convergent –3. Divergent –

1. Strike-slip fault2. Reverse fault3. Normal fault

What type of rocks may contain fossils?

sedimentary

A type of fault that results when rocks are pushed together.

reverse

A type of fault that results when rocks are pulled apart.

normal

A type of fault that forms when rocks break and slip past each

other.

Strike-slip

A surface along which rock layers break and move past one another.

fault

The last seismic waves to arrive and are the most destructive.

Surface waves

The fastest seismic waves… travel through liquids and solids,

P-waves

Created by side-to-side motion…slower than P-waves, but more

destructive

S-waves

The scale used to measure the manitude (strength/damage) of an

earthquake.

Richter Scale

The scale used to measure the intensity of an earthquake – how it

feels to people

Mercalli scale

The theory that states that continents once fit together like a

puzzle…

Continental drift

What part of the Earth is liquid but is forced to act like a solid due to

intense heat and pressure.

mantle

On what part do the tectonic plates move?

asthenosphere

What type of boundary results from the collision of two tectonic

plates?

Convergent boundary

Where would you find a subduction zone- what plate

boundary?

convergent

What layer of the Earth makes up the tectonic plates?

lithosphere

What type of boundary is formed when two tectonic plates slide past

each other horizontally?

Transform boundary

What type of boundary is formed when two tectonic plates pull away

from one another?

Divergent boundary

What was the name of the theoretical ancient supercontinent that contained all of the continents

of Earth?

Pangaea

What type of boundary would be found where sea-floor spreading

occurs?

Divergent boundary

When two underwater lithospheric plates collide and one gets pulled down into the asthenosphere, wat

type of zone is created?

Subduction zone

What type of rock forms at W? X? Y? Z?

W= metamorphicX = magmaY = sedimentaryZ = igneous

What letter identifies the focus?

Z

Name each type of fault

X = transformY = normalZ = reverse

What theory would support why fossils of the same type would be

found on different continents?

Continental drift

What happens at a transform boundary?

Tectonic plates slide past one another horizontally.

How are earthquakes classified?

Strength and Depth

What type of mountain is formed when rocks are under tension?

Fault block mountain

What is the name of the scale used to describe the

hardness of a mineral?

Moh’s Scale of Hardness

If you can see through a mineral it has the special

property of _______. Calcite is an example…

Optics

A mineral that attracts iron has the special property of

________.A mineral that glows under a

black light has the property of ____________.

1. Magnetism2. Fluorescence

A mineral that “fizzes” when acid is dropped on

it has the special property of ______.

Chemical Reaction

_________ is the tendency of some minerals to break along a

smooth, flat surface.

Cleavage

________ is the tendency of some minerals to break unevenly along

curved, irregular surfaces.

Fracture