Honors Lit. 11 Journal2nd and 3rd Qtr. - Grammar Review

Grammar topics covered 2nd and 3rd quarter:

Objective: To improve writing for the purpose of the Writing ACT Test,

college placement tests, college application essays, scholarship applications, and resumes

Capitalization Rules

Punctuation with Quotes

Underlining and Italics vs. Quotation Marks for Titles

Commas

Semi-Colons & Colons

Dashes

Prepositions

Subject-Verb Agreement

11/28/12Capitalization Rules…

1. Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence, even if in the middle of a regular sentence.

As I was walking down the street, I heard someone say, “Would you please speed up!”

He said, "Treat her as you would your own daughter."

2. Capitalize a person's title when it precedes the name. Do not capitalize when the title is acting as a description following the name.

Chairperson Miller

Ms. Miller, the chairperson of the company, will address us at noon.

3. Capitalize the person's title when it follows the name on the address or signature line.

Sincerely, Ms. Haines, Chairperson

4. Capitalize the titles of high-ranking government officials when used before their names. Do not capitalize the title if it is used instead of the name.

The president will address Congress.

President Obama will address Congress.

5. Capitalize words derived from proper nouns.

I must take English and math. (English is capitalized because it comes from the proper noun England.)

6. Capitalize academic degrees and professional designations.

I received my Master’s Degree in secondary education from The University of Toledo, and my Bachelor’s Degree in journalism and English from The Ohio State University.

11/28/12Capitalization Rules…

7. Capitalize any title when used as a direct address. Will you take my temperature, Doctor?

8. Capitalize points of the compass only when they refer to specific regions. We have had three relatives visit from the South.

Go south three blocks and then turn left.

9. Always capitalize the first and last words of titles of publications regardless of their parts of speech. Capitalize other words within titles, including the short verb forms Is, Are, and Be. *Do not capitalize little words within titles such as: a, an, the, but, as, if, and, or, nor, or prepositions, regardless of their length. The Day of the Jackal

What Color Is Your Parachute?

A Tale of Two Cities

10. Capitalize family words such as mom, dad, mother, father, aunt, uncle, grandmother, grandfather, etc. only when replacing their name. My mom gave me a ride to the school.

I can only go if my mom gives me a ride to school.

I can only go if Mom gives me a ride to school.

11/2/11Capitalization Rules…

11. Capitalize federal or state when used as part of an official agency name or in government documents where these terms represent an official name. If they are being used as general terms, you may use lowercase letters. The state has evidence to the contrary.

That is a federal offense.

The State Board of Equalization collects sales taxes.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation has been subject to much scrutiny and criticism lately.

12. You may capitalize words such as department, bureau, and office if you are using them as a title. The Bureau of Land Management has some jurisdiction over Indian lands.

The Bureau is finding its administrative role to be challenging.

I would prefer to work for a bureau instead of a small office.

13. Do not capitalize names of seasons. I love autumn colors and spring flowers.

14. Capitalize the first word of a salutation and the first word of a complimentary close. Dear Ms. Moen:

Very truly yours,

11/2/11Capitalization Rules…

15.Capitalize a proper noun. Golden Gate Bridge

16.Capitalize the names of specific course titles. I must take history and Algebra 2.

17.After a sentence ending with a colon, do not capitalize the first word if it begins a list. These are my favorite foods: chocolate cake, spaghetti, and

artichokes.

18.Do not capitalize when only one sentence follows a sentence ending with a colon. I love Jane Smith’s writing: her book, A Thousand Acres, was

inspiring.

19.Capitalize when two or more sentences follow a sentence ending with a colon. I love Jane Smith’s writing: Her book, A Thousand Acres, was

inspiring. Also, Moo was clever.

11/30/12 Capitalization PracticeRewrite each sentence correcting the errors.

1. dr. goldberger traveled through the southern part of pennsylvania to get to the conference on victorian poetry.

2. “wait," he said, “until the huskies have won a few games.“

3. the secretary of the society of concerned students wrote to the ambassador of south africa.

4. mark somehow managed to get an a in his physics course; but he failed history 104.

5. news of the grant was announced by president chauncey bedouin, who used to be president of breadwidth university.

6. sarah yelled, “my dog ate my homework,” making her math teacher quite angry.

7. the title of the book we read in english last year is, their eyes were watching god. this year, we are reading what color are your eyes?

12/3/12 Capitalization Practice Check Your Answers

1. Dr. Goldberger traveled through the southern part of Pennsylvania to get to the conference on Victorian poetry.

2. “Wait," he said, “until the Huskies have won a few games."

3. The secretary of the Society of Concerned Students wrote to the ambassador of South Africa.

4. Mark somehow managed to get an A in his physics course; but he failed History 104.

5. News of the grant was announced by President Chauncey Bedouin, who used to be president of Breadwidth University.

6. Sarah yelled, “My dog ate my homework,” making her math teacher quite angry.

7. The title of the book we read in English last year is, Their Eyes Were Watching God. This year, we are reading What Color Are Your Eyes?

12/4/12 Capitalization Practice #2

1. mr. hanes, chairman of the society, is planning on addressing the media at noon today.

2. the president arrived just in time for congress to deliver their stance on the issue.

3. she will be a good candidate for the opening, as she has a master’s degree in business administration.

4. can you tell me why i feel so tired, doctor?

5. once spring arrives, i want to spend all of my time outside.

6. the state teachers retirement system is losing money on an annual basis.

7. my dad told me a story about when he was younger and in a similar situation.

8. i don’t know if dad realizes the situation he will be in if he takes the job at yale university.

This is for a grade… no talking or comparing answers. Turn in when finished!

11/9/11Capitalization Practice #2 Answers

1. Mr. Hanes, chairman of the society, is planning on addressing the media at noon today.

2. The president arrived just in time for Congress to deliver their stance on the issue.

3. She will be a good candidate for the opening, as she has a Master’s Degree in business administration.

4. Can you tell me why I feel so tired, Doctor?

5. Once spring arrives, I want to spend all of my time outside.

6. The State Teachers Retirement System is losing money on an annual basis.

7. My dad told me a story about when he was younger and in a similar situation.

8. I don’t know if Dad realizes the situation he will be in if he takes the job at Yale University.

12/7/12Final Capitalization Practice #3

1. Choose ten different capitalization rules from this grammar journal to practice.

2. Write one sentence for each rule, utilizing the rule in some way.

3. Place your rule # in parenthesis after each sentence.

4. Keep in your binder for a possible journal collection later on, or a 2nd qtr. binder check option.

12/10/12 Punctuating Quotation Marks

The following rules and practices apply to direct quotations onlyDirect quotations involve incorporating another

person's exact words into your own writing.

Indirect quotations are not exact wordings but rather rephrasing's or summaries of another person's words. In this case, it is not necessary to use quotation marks. However, indirect quotations still require proper citations, and you will be committing plagiarism if you fail to do so.

12/10/12- Punctuating Quotation Marks

1. Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks, even inside single quotes. The only exception is if the quote ends a sentence and there is a citation following.

The sign changed from "Walk," to "Don't Walk," to "Walk" again within 30 seconds.

She said, "Hurry up."

She said, "He said, 'Hurry up.'"

According to the narrator, “He didn’t feel guilt for his actions any longer” (Poe 37).

2. The placement of question marks with quotes follows logic. If a question is in quotation marks, the question mark should be placed inside the quotation marks. If the sentence itself is a question, but the material inside the quotation marks is not, the question mark should be placed on the outside of the quotation marks.

She asked, "Will you still be my friend?"

Do you agree with the saying, "All's fair in love and war"?

3. Only one ending punctuation mark is used with quotation marks. Also, the stronger punctuation mark wins.

Therefore, no period after war is used is the above example for rule #2.

4. When you have a question outside quoted material AND inside quoted material, use only one question mark and place it inside the quotation mark.

Did she say, "May I go?“

12/10/12- Punctuating Quotation Marks

5. Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Note that the period goes inside all quote marks.

He said, "Dana said, 'Do not treat me that way.'"

6. Use quotation marks to set off a direct quotation only.

"When will you be here?" he asked.

He asked when you will be there.

7. Do not use quotation marks with quoted material that is more than three lines in length.

When writing in MLA format, remember that when you have 4+ lines of quoted material, you don’t put that information in quotation marks (as this rule states), but you also need to indent each line equally to separate it from the rest of your text with a citation at the end.

8. When you are quoting something that has a spelling or grammar mistake or presents material in a confusing way, insert the term sic in italics and enclose it in brackets. Sic means, "This is the way the original material was."

She wrote, "I would rather die then [sic] be seen wearing the same outfit as my sister."

Should be than, not then.

9. The colon and semicolon always go outside the closing quotation mark.

He referred to this group of people as his "gang": Heidi, Heather Shelley, and Jessie.

Marx did not believe that "a single nation should have a single leader"; nevertheless, he became a leader singled out.

10. The ellipses, three spaced dots ( . . . ), indicates that part of a quotation has been left out. Ellipses are useful when you want to include only the most relevant words of a quotation; however, any omission must not distort the quotation's original meaning.

For omissions in the middle of a sentence, use an ellipses.

The character of Sammy was soft-spoken, but he believed strongly in "respect for women, love of country . . . and a bright, sunny day" (87).

For omissions at the end of a sentence, use an ellipses followed by a period inside the quotation marks.

According to Cochran, "Warp drive is a creation that will change multitudes of lives . . . .“

If a parenthetical citation follows ellipses at the end of a sentence, place the period after the final parenthesis.

Of the many fruits available, Abraham Lincoln thought "apples to be the most nutritious . . . " (47).

12/10/12 - Punctuating Quotation Marks

12/10/12 - Punctuating Quotation Marks

Some general reminders:

Quotation marks always come in pairs. Do not open a quotation and fail to close it at the end of the quoted material.

Capitalize the first letter of a direct quote when the quoted material is a complete sentence.

Do not use a capital letter when the quoted material is a fragment or only a piece of the original material's complete sentence.

If a direct quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not capitalize the second part of the quotation.

Quotations are most effective if you use them sparingly and keep them relatively short. Too many quotations in a research paper will get you accused of not producing original thought or material (they may also bore a reader who wants to know primarily what YOU have to say on the subject).

12/11/12 – Practice with Punctuating Quotation Marks

Rewrite the following sentences, punctuating where necessary.

1. The author argues that “Western doctors are too intent on medicating and not intent enough on fixing the ailments” (Heveronian 29)

2. The stranger asked “Does anyone have spare change”

3. “There is no excuse for aggressive behavior" the supervisor said. "It sets a bad example“

4. According to the critic "One of the most widely acclaimed actors in history, Humphrey Bogart, is quoted as saying 'I don't like acting'“

5. Do you understand the quote by Davidson “Believe in what you don’t believe in”

12/12/12 – Practice with Punctuation Quotation Marks - Answers

Rewrite the following sentences, punctuating where necessary.

1. The author argues that, “Western doctors are too intent on medicating and not intent enough on fixing the ailments” (Heveronian 29).

2. The stranger asked, “Does anyone have spare change?”

3. “There is no excuse for aggressive behavior," the supervisor said. "It sets a bad example.“

4. According to the critic, "One of the most widely acclaimed actors in history, Humphrey Bogart, is quoted as saying, 'I don't like acting.'“

5. Do you understand the quote by Davidson, “Believe in what you don’t believe in”?

12/13/12 – Practice with Punctuation Quotation Marks #2

Write five sentences that include quoted material. (You may make up material for this exercise.)

Use a different rule for each sentence you create, using five different rules total.

Place the rule number in parenthesis after each sentence.

12/14/12 – Formatting TitlesPlease turn in your essays, with the rubric stapled to the top.

Underlining or Italics Use underlining or italics for

titles of longer pieces including:

Titles of novels

Newspaper titles

Titles of magazines

Titles of journals

Titles of websites

Titles of movies and television shows

Album titles

Titles of full plays (more than one act)

Using Quotation Marks Use quotation marks for titles

of shorter pieces including:

Article titles from magazines

Article titles from newspapers

Article titles from journals

Essay titles

Titles of short stories

Poem titles

Titles of book chapters

Titles of specific television episodes

Song titles

Titles of one-act plays

12/17/12 – Practice with Titles Rewrite each sentence. Underline or put each title in quotation

marks depending on the type of title it is. Keep punctuation in mind as well.

1. Google is a common website used for general searching.

2. When you are in college, you may read the novel, Jane Eyre.

3. The poem, In a Station of the Metro, is a two-line poem by Ezra Pound.

4. Have you ever seen the episode of Friends titled The One Where No One’s Ready?

5. Many women across the United States read the magazine, Women’s Day.

6. Shakespeare’s play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is often performed in Chicago.

7. There was an article in The Daily Jeffersonian titled One Stop Millionaire.

8. The chapter titled The Prison Door begins the novel, The Scarlet Letter.

9. Many people remember the song, Thriller, from the album titled Thriller.

10. Oceans 11 is one of my favorite movies.

12/19/12 – Practice with Titles Answers

Rewrite each sentence. Underline or put each title in quotation marks depending on the type of title it is. Keep punctuation in mind as well.

1. Google is a common website used for general searching.

2. When you are in college, you may read the novel, Jane Eyre.

3. The poem, “In a Station of the Metro,” is a two-line poem by Ezra Pound.

4. Have you ever seen the episode of Friends titled “The One Where No One’s Ready”?

5. Many women across the United States read the magazine, Women’s Day.

6. Shakespeare’s play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is often performed in Chicago.

7. There was an article in The Daily Jeffersonian titled “One Stop Millionaire.”

8. The chapter titled “The Prison Door” begins the novel, The Scarlet Letter.

9. Many people remember the song, “Thriller,” from the album titled Thriller.

10. Oceans 11 is one of my favorite movies.

1/3/13 – Practice with Titles

Write 10 sentences that include titles that require quotation marks and/or underlining.

Use both techniques.

Use the appropriate punctuation.

1/4/13 – Commas

Rule 1 Use commas to set off introductory words, phrases, or clauses. This lets

the reader know that the main subject and main verb of the sentence come later, and simply introduces both.

Ex. Generally, people are friendly and helpful.

Ex. Throughout his early life, he felt a strong connection with his father.

Ex. If you discover that you feel nauseated, then you know you’ve eaten something bad.

Rule 2 You should always have a comma before FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but,

or, yet, so) that join two independent clauses. *Not doing this causes a comma splice or run-on.

Ex. You wore a lovely hat, but you didn’t wear a nice shirt.

Ex. My hamster loved to play, so I bought him an adventurous cage.

Rule 3 Use a comma after all conjunctive adverbs (words such as however,

moreover, and therefore). This applies whether you insert a semi-colon or not.

Ex. Basketball is my favorite sport. However, I excel at tennis.

Ex. Basketball is my favorite sport; however, I excel at tennis.

1/7/13 – Commas

Rule 4 Put commas between items three or more items in a list, including one

before the last item (before the conjunction – often and).

Ex. Many believe you can achieve life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in New York City.

Rule 5 If you have two or more adjectives that are not joined by a conjunction

(usually and) and both/all adjectives modify the same word, put a comma between them. *If you can put and or but in that spot, use a comma.

Ex. He was a bashful, dopey, sleepy dwarf.

Ex. The frothy, radiant princess kissed the putrid, vile frog

Rule 6 Commas can be used to set off additional info. that appears within a

sentence, but is separate from the main subject and verb. These commas tell the reader that the words within the commas are not necessary to understand the rest of the sentence. You should be able to take out that information, and still have a complete and clear sentence.

Ex. My chemistry book, which weighs about 100 pounds, has some really great examples.

Ex. Bob Mills, a sophomore from Raleigh, was the only North Carolina native at the Japanese food festival in Cary.

1/7/13 – Commas

Rule 7 Use a comma to set off quoted material.

Ex. Miller writes, “The purpose of my book was to simply inspire.“

Ex. "The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many things."

Rule 8 Use commas to set off phrases that express contrast.

Ex. She answered by arguing the importance of fire, not ice.

Ex. It was her money, not her charm or personality, that first attracted him.

Rule 9 Use commas to avoid confusion.

Ex. Outside, the lawn was cluttered with broken branches.

Rule 10 Don’t forget these: between a city and state, a date and year,

and a name and title.

1/8/13 – Comma Practice #1Rewrite and add commas where necessary. Not all sentences need commas.

1. The chapter which comes next contains the scary part.

2. Chapter 24 which contains the scary part was assigned for homework.

3. The room was tiny and the view was good.

4. The man whom they met in Paris was from Afghanistan.

5. She has midterm exams this week in English Social Studies and Biology.

6. Do you need to change the size or style of the lettering?

7. The home is spacious and comfortable.

8. He was a cunning military analyst.

9. During lunch at the campus cafeteria Molly noticed the dirty tables the overworked staff and the high price for a watery pop.

10.“Don’t eat that pizza” warned Lisa. “It’s over two weeks old” she then explained.

2/6/13 – Comma Practice #2Rewrite and add commas where necessary.

1. “Don’t worry honey” said Mom. “If Rocky doesn’t come home we’ll go to the humane society and pick out another cat.”

2. After catching enough trout for both dinner and breakfast we let Bill scale and gut the fish because he doesn’t mind the dirty job.

3. After the ride on the fast terrifying roller coaster Deidre decided to avoid eating any other heavy greasy foods at the fair.

4. I would prefer to see the sun not clouds.

5. Dustin loves internet auctions so he spends hours on eBay where he bids on comic books antique milk bottles and unicorn figures to add to his collection.

6. I would prefer to spend the evening with my husband going to dinner the movies and to get coffee; however our daughter is sick.

7. My English teacher who teaches both Honors English 9 and Honors Literature 11 is an amazing person.

2/7/13 – Comma Practice #2 AnswersRewrite and add commas where necessary.

1. “Don’t worry honey,” said Mom. “If Rocky doesn’t come home, we’ll go to the humane society, and pick out another cat.”

2. After catching enough trout for both dinner and breakfast, we let Bill scale and gut the fish because he doesn’t mind the dirty job.

3. After the ride on the fast, terrifying roller coaster, Deidre decided to avoid eating any other heavy, greasy foods at the fair.

4. I would prefer to see the sun, not clouds.

5. Dustin loves internet auctions, so he spends hours on eBay where he bids on comic books, antique milk bottles, and unicorn figures to add to his collection.

6. I would prefer to spend the evening with my husband going to dinner, the movies, and to get coffee; however, our daughter is sick.

7. My English teacher, who teaches both Honors English 9 and Honors Literature 11, is an amazing person.