1xev do technical overview
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John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
1xEV-DO Technical Overview
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
1xEV-DO Technical OverviewAgenda
What is 1xEV-DO?
Terminology
Timeline
Misconceptions
Overview
Protocol Stack
Physical Layer Channel Overview
Forward Link
Reverse Link
Measurement OverviewQuestions and Answers
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
What is 1xEV-DO?Terminology
1xEV-DO is also known as:
HDR
cdma2000-1x Evolution Data Oriented/Optimized/Only
TIA IS-856
3GPP2 C.S0024
AN (Access Network) is the new term for base stationAT (Access Terminal) is the new term for the mobile device
Forward Link AN transmits to the ATs
Reverse Link AT transmits to the ANs
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
What is 1xEV-DO?Development and Deployment Timeline
1/1997 12/2002
1/1998 1/1999 1/2000 1/2001 1/2002
9/1998
HDR Live Demo @ PCS '98
12/1998
Milestone Description
8/1997HDR Concept Presentation to CDG
5/2002
Public Deployment in Korea
10/2000
IS-856 Standard Approved
5/2000
HDR Proposed to CDG as 1xEV-DO
6/1999Sprint PCS 1xEV-DO Lab Trial
4/1999
US West Lab Trial
10/1999
1xEV-DO Open Air Network
1/20001xEV-DO Open Air Capacity Tests
1/1997
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
What is 1xEV-DO?Misconceptions
Misconceptions
1xEV-DO is a sub/superset of cdma2000 1x
1xEV-DO uses the same protocol stack as cdma2000 1x
1xEV-DV will be an upgraded version of 1xEV-DO
Reality
1xEV-DO shares the chip rate and bandwidth of 1x cdma2000
A number of internal components of cdma2000 are used, but notidentically
The protocol stack uses some common terminology, but it is different
Common timing system with cdmaOne and cdma2000
However 1xEV-DO contains provisions to allow for handoffs to cdma2000 1x
Future revisions of cdma2000 1x will support handoffs to 1xEV-DO
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
What is 1xEV-DO?Overview
1xEV-DO is a TDMA system Uses CDMA-like principles for information coding, and addressing
AN transmits at a constant output power
Channels are differentiated by timing, Walsh encoding and preambles Pilot is a periodic burst that occurs multiple times within a frame (Fwd)
MAHO are used, however soft handoffs are not used An AT receives data from a single AN
An AT monitors the Pilot and MAC from visible ANs AT makes the decision of which AN to receive data from
AT specifies forward link data rate, dynamically
Multiple ANs may receive data from the AT
The forward link transmits only a single channel at a time With the exception of the Pilot and MAC channels
The reverse link transmits up to 4 different channels simultaneously
Forward link data rates to 2.4 Mbps
Reverse link data rates to 153.6 Kbps
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
What is 1xEV-DO?Protocol Stack
Stream Layer
Session Layer
Connection Layer
Security Layer
MAC Layer
Physical Layer
Application Layer
Default Packet Application
Physical Layer Protocol
Control ChannelMAC Protocol
Forward TrafficChannel MAC
Protocol
Access ChannelMAC Protocol
Reverse TrafficChannel MAC
Protocol
Security ProtocolKey
ExchangeProtocol
Authentication
Protocol
Encryption
Protocol
Packet
ConsolidationProtocol
Route UpdateProtocol
Overhead
MessageProtocol
SessionManagement
Protocol
AddressManagement
Protocol
SessionConfiguration
Protocol
Stream Protocol
Air Link
ManagementProtocol
InitializationState Protocol
Idle StateProtocol
Connected StateProtocol
Default Signaling
Application
Signaling Link
Protocol
SignalingNetworkProtocol
Test Application
Reverse TestApplication
Protocol
Forward TestApplication
Protocol
Radio Link
Protocol
LocationUpdate
Protocol
Flow Control
Protocol
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Channel Overview
An overview of the various channels within 1xEV-DO
Definitions
Forward and reverse link channels
Channel view diagram
Single and multiple ANs
Forward Link overview
Forward Link Rate Control
Reverse Link overview
RL Power Control
Reverse Link Rate Control
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Channel OverviewDefinitions
Forward Link Channels Pilot
DRCLock
Data Rate Control Lock Channel
RPC
Reverse Power Control Channel
RAB
Reverse Activity Bit Channel
Data
Reverse Link Channels Pilot
RRI
Reverse Rate Indicator Channel
DRC
Data Rate Control Channel
ACK
Acknowledge
Data
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Channel OverviewAll channels Single AN
TDMCDM
AN
(Access Network)
TDM at slot boundaries
TDM within slot
ACK
DRC
Pilot
RRI
DATA
1xEV-DO
AccessTerminal
TDM
MAC
Pilot
RPC1
DRCLOCK1
RAB
RPCN
DRCLOCKN
TDM
TDMCDM
DataTDM DATA
N
DATA1
TDM within slot
CDM via MACIndex
CDM via fixed Walsh codes
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Channel OverviewAll channels Multiple ANs
TDMCDM
AN - B
AN - A
TDM at slot boundariesTDM within slot
ACK
DRC
Pilot
RRI
DATA
1xEV-DO
AccessTerminal
TDM
MAC
Pilot
RPC1
DRCLOCK1
RAB
RPCN
DRCLOCKN
TDM
TDMCDM
DataTDM DATA
N
DATAX
TDM
MAC
Pilot
RPC1
DRCLOCK1
RAB
RPCN
DRCLOCKN
TDM
TDMCDM
DataTDM DATA
N
DATA1
TDM within slot
CDM via MACIndex
CDM via fixed Walsh codes
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Channel OverviewForward Link
TDMCDM
AN - B
AN - A
ACK
DRC
Pilot
RRI
DATA
1xEV-DO
AccessTerminal
TDM
MAC
Pilot
RPC1
DRCLOCK1
RAB
RPCN
DRCLOCKN
TDM
TDMCDM
DataTDM DATA
N
DATAX
TDM
MAC
Pilot
RPC1
DRCLOCK1
RAB
RPCN
DRCLOCKN
TDM
TDMCDM
DataTDM DATA
N
DATA1
AT acknowledges
successful receipt of
data packet 4
Indicates that the DRC
subchannel is being
received properly 1
AT requests forward
rate and serving sector
2
Data delivered
using specified
rate and sector
3
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Channel OverviewReverse Link
TDMCDM
AN - B
AN - A
ACK
DRC
Pilot
RRI
DATA
1xEV-DO
AccessTerminal
TDM
MAC
Pilot
RPC1
DRCLOCK1
RAB
RPCN
DRCLOCKN
TDM
TDMCDM
DataTDM DATA
N
DATAX
TDM
MAC
Pilot
RPC1
DRCLOCK1
RAB
RPCN
DRCLOCKN
TDM
TDMCDM
DataTDM DATA
N
DATA1
Reverse Link is power
controlled to optimize
levels at AN(s). 1
AN(s) requests to lower
reverse data rates. 2
AT specifies Reverse Link rate.3a
AT sends packet to AN(s) 3b
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Physical LayerForward Link
Forward Link Topics
Timing
Physical Structure
Operation Overview
Channel Description
Coding
Spreading Modulation
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward LinkTiming Structure
Source
Like cdma2000, all AN timing is derived from a GPS reference (PP2S)
Hierarchy Control Channel cycle
426.67 ms duration
Control Channel broadcast once per cycle Frames
26.67 ms duration
16 Frames per Control Channel cycle
75 Frames per 2 second period (PP2S)
Slots 1.67 ms duration
16 Slots per frame
2048 PN chips per slot
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward LinkTiming Structure (continued)
Forward Link Details
PN offset used to differentiate Pilots (Sectors and/or Base stations)
Rollover point of the I and Q PN generators is different than cdma2000 and1xEV-DO access terminals
Frames aligned to PP2S edge (and zero offset PN rollover)
The Slot is split into 2 Half Slots
0.83 ms duration
1024 PN chips per half slot
800 Data chips (in two 400 chip regions)
128 MAC channel chips (in two 64 chip regions)
96 Pilot chips
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward LinkTiming / Physical Structure
PP2SPulse Per 2 Second
n-1 n n+1 n+2
75 Frames
2 seconds
16 Slots
26.67 ms
1.67 ms
1 Slot (2048 chips)
1 Half Slot (1024 chips)
...1 0(15)1...
Zero Offset I & QPilot PN Sequence
Rollover
Data
400chips
Data
400chips
Pilot
96chips
MAC
64chips
MAC
64chips
...1 0(15)1...
Frames26.67 ms period
Slots1.67 ms period
Half Slots0.83 ms period
Chips1.2288 MHz chip rate
813.8 ns chip period
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward LinkOperational Overview
No simultaneous transmissions i.e. only a single data stream is transmitted
Each subchannel is defined by TDMA principles The entire output of the base station is dedicated to a specific AT
Except
Simultaneous power control to active mobiles in the MAC subchannel
Overhead messages
Pilot Channel
MACIndex is a selector that specifies an active AT
Packets sent by the AN use an integral number of slots (preamble + data length + pilot + MAC) mod 2048 = 0
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward Link
Channel Descriptions
Pilot Used as a timing reference and a beacon to multiple ATs
MAHO is performed by the AT using pilots from multiple ANs No information content other than a relative PN offset
MAC
The only code domain encoded signal on the forward link A single bit per code channel per slot is transmitted
Sub Channels
RAB Reverse Activity Bit
MACIndex = 4
Update rate of the bit is configurable (from 8 to 64 slots) Indicates to the ATs that they should raise or lower the reverse data rate
Not absolute, final decision is statistically based
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward Link
Channel Descriptions (continued)
MAC (Continued) Sub Channels (Continued)
RPC Reverse Power Control MACIndex from 5 to 63
Individual power control bits to active ATs (via their MACIndex)
Single power control bit per slot (600 Hz update rate)
If (RPC == 0) then AT increases power else AT decreases power
DRCLock Data Rate Control Lock
Replaces the RPC bit on a periodic basis (TDM)
Indicates that the AN is unable to receive the DRC channel from the AT
If (DRCLock == 0) then AT may not point at that specific AN
This is a recent change to the 1xEV-DO specification (C.S0024 v2.1)
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward Link
Channel Descriptions (continued)
Data Preamble
Used to address a physical packet to a specific AT (via the MACIndex) Using a bi-orthogonal W32 cover
MACIndex from 5 to 63
Length depends on data rate
Traffic Data rates from 38.4 to 2457.6 Kpbs
Packet sizes from 1024 to 4096 bits (Using 1 to 16 slots per packet)
Packets requiring more than 1 slot must be use an interleave factor of 4
Control Data rates from 38.4 to 76.8 kbps (Using 8 or 16 slots per packet)
Packet size is 1024 bits
Formatted exactly as a traffic frame Differences exist in upper layers
MACIndex 2 (38.4 kbps) or 3 (76.8 kbps)
Control channel packets must be started within the first 4 slots of the controlchannel cycle
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward Link
Traffic/Control Channel Framing Details1 Slot (2048 chips)
1 Half Slot (1024 chips)
Data
400chips
Data
400chips
Pilot
96chips
MAC
64chips
MAC
64chips
Half Slots0.83 ms period
Chips1.2288 MHz chip rate813.8 ns chip period
1024
512
256
128
64
614.4 kbps 1
2457.6 kbps
1843.2 kbps
1228.8 kbps
614.4 kbps
307.2 kbps 1
76.8 kbps 738.4 kbps 15
1228.8 kbps 1
921.6 kbps 1
307.2 kbps 3
153.6 kbps 3
1024 1/5 QPSK 16 5761024 1/5 QPSK 8 1088
1024 1/5 QPSK 4 1344
1024 1/5 QPSK 2 1472
1024 1/3 QPSK 1 1536
2048 1/3 QPSK 4 1472
2048 1/3 QPSK 2 1536
2048 1/3 QPSK 1 1536
3072 1/3 8-PSK 2 1536
3072 1/3 8-PSK 1 1536
4096 1/3 16-QAM 2 1536
4096 1/3 16-QAM 1 1536
400 chips 400 chips 400 chips 400 chips16000
Preamble
PacketSize
ModulationType
Chips inthis slot
CodeRate
TotalSlots
1. Preamble always starts on a full slot boundary
2. MACIndex encoded as W32 on I channel only
Packets requiring
multiple slots use a 4slot interlace system.
Control
Traffic
Y Y
Y Y
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward Link
Coding /Spreading / Modulation
A multistage spreading scheme is used
Each subchannel is encoded/processed with a variety of schemes
Turbo coding
Interleaving / Bit repetition / Puncturing
Walsh covering
QPSK / 8-PSK / 16 QAM Modulation
Time domain multiplexing / gating
Gain controls A long code is NOT used on the Forward Link
Final spreading is done using a Hybrid PSK system
Simplified version of the cdma2000 Forward Link spreading system
Bandpass and phase compensation filters are applied to the final signal
These filters are IDENTICAL to the ones used for cdmaOne / cdma2000
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Forward Link
Subchannel Encoding / Spreading / Modulation
cos(2fct)
sin(2fct)
+
-
+
+
I Data
Q Data
Quadrature Spreading(Complex Multiply) AN RF Convertor
PNQ
Q-Channel PN Sequence @ 1.2288 Mcps
PNI
I-Channel PN Sequence @ 1.2288 Mcps
O
O
Q
I
Q
I
Q
I
Data
Preamble
MAC
Pilot
Q
I
Forwardsubchannels
Subchannel encoding
ToAntenna
Phase
Compensation
Bandpass
Filter
Q
I
Q
I
Q
I
TDM TDM
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Reverse Link Topics
Timing
Physical Structure
Operational Overview
Access Channel Overview
Channel Description
Coding
Structure
Reverse Traffic Channel Overview
Channel Description
Coding
Structure
Spreading
Modulation
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Timing Structure
Source
All timing is derived from the received AN zero offset PN rollover
This provides a reference for the reverse frames
Forward link flight time is invisible
Hierarchy
Frames 26.67 ms duration
Slots
1.67 ms duration
16 Slots per frame
2048 PN chips per slot
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Timing / Physical Structure
16 Slots
26.67 ms
1.67 ms
1 Slot (2048 chips)
...10(15) 1...
PN Sequence
Rollover
RevLinkFrames26.67 ms period
Slots1.67 ms period
Chips1.2288 MHz chip rate
813.8 ns chip period
Zero Offset PN
Sequence
RolloverFwdLinkFrames
26.67 ms period ...1 0(15)
1......1 0(15)
1...
One Way Delay (~3 us/km)(Invisible at Access Terminal)
...10(15) 1...
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Operational Overview
Reverse Link Overview
Multiple subchannels implemented using CDMA and TDMA techniques
Two different operating modes
Access
Discontinuous transmission
Traffic
Continuous transmission
The AT PN rollover point is different than for the AT (15 chips later) AT: Midway between a string of 15 0 bits and a 1 bit
This is the same as in cdmaOne and cdma2000 on both forward andreverse links
AN: Midway between a 1 bit and a string of 15 0 bits
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Channel Description Access
Access Channel Uses
Communications with the AN when an active session has not been set up Registration of the AT within the network
Requesting a session to be created
Implementation Consists of two subchannels (Pilot, Data)
Pilot is an all zero datastream (W160 encoded) on the I channel only
Data is a 9.6 kpbs datastream (W42 encoded) on the Q channel only
256 bit packets
Constant output power between preamble and data phases
Data subchannel power is scaled relative to pilot power
Pilot power is reduced by 6 dB during data phase
Similar operation to the access probe sequencing defined in IS-95/IS-2000
Minimum data transmission length is 16 slots
Governed by the message length of the Access Channel message
Minimum preamble transmission length is 16 slots
Governed by parameters specified by the network MAC layer
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Access Channel Structure
Pilot Data
Q
I
t
16xnSlots
(nPhys
icalPacke
ts)
16xPre
amble
Length
(MAC
)Slots
P
P
9.6kb
psonly
6dB
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic
Uses Used continuously during an active session
Implementation Consists of five subchannels (Pilot, Data, RRI, DRC, ACK)
Continuous transmission The Data subchannel is present only when there no data to send
The ACK subchannel is present only when receiving Forward data packets Minimum data transmission length is 16 slots
The encoded length of a reverse link physical packet is always 16 slots
Power control Pilot channel is directly power controlled via Forward MAC subchannel
Other channels are specified (via messaging) relative to the Pilot channel
Code division (from other ATs) is done via User long code masks The long code is reset to a specific value at every reverse link frame start
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic
Subchannels Pilot
Used to train the AN receiver and assist in the recovery of reverse link data Pilot is an all zero datastream with a W160 cover on the I channel only
RRI The 3 bit reverse data rate is encoded and spread/repeated across 16 slots
Possible rates are: No data, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, and 153.6 Kbps
The first 1/8 of each slot of the Pilot channel is replaced with the RRI channel
RRI has a W160 cover and transmitted on the I channel only
ACK Used to acknowledge the successful reception of a forward traffic packet
May be used to early terminate a packet transmission
A single bit is spread/repeated across the first half of the slot
Nothing is transmitted in its place in the second half of the slot
Data is W84 covered on the I channel only
Transmitted only when the AT is receiving packets on the forward link
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic (continued)
Subchannels (continued) DRC
Used to communicate two pieces of information to the AN Data rate control
Specifies the rate that the AT can receive for the current conditions
The 4 bit data rate is encoded as an 8 bit bi-orthogonal value
Serving AN point
Identifies which AN point is to deliver forward traffic to the AT
Encoded as 1 of 8 W8 covers of the data rate control value DRC is transmitted for an entire slot, but is shifted one half slot late
DRC has a final W168 cover and transmitted on the Q channel only
MAC Parameters
DRC Length (1 8) slots (sets the amount of time that an estimate is valid)
DRC Gating (This allows the AT to transmit the DRC data only once and it
remains in effect for DRCLength slots)
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic (continued)
Subchannels (continued) Data
Data rates range from 9.6 to 153.6 kbps with packet sizes of 256 to 4096 bytes The encoded length of a reverse link physical packet is always 16 slots
Frame Offset specifies the offset from the start of the reverse link frame to thestart of the packet
Data has a W42 cover and transmitted on the Q channel only
Power level is set relative to the reverse pilot and per reverse rate setting
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Reverse Traffic Channel Structure
Pilot
RRI
AC
K
DataDRC
Q
I
UnityGain
DRCGain
ACKGain
1/2Slo
t
1/2Slo
t
1/2Slo
t
t
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Spreading / Modulation
A multistage spreading scheme is used
Each subchannel is encoded/processed with a variety of schemes
Turbo coding
Interleaving / Bit repetition / Puncturing
Walsh covering
Time domain multiplexing / gating
Gain controls
Separate I and Q long code masks are used Long code state is reloaded at every PN rollover with 0x24B91BFD3A8
Each subchannel is summed into the I or Q domain before the finalspreading operation
Final spreading is done using a Hybrid PSK system
Same as the cdma2000 Reverse Link spreading system Bandpass filters are applied to the final spread signal
These filters are IDENTICAL to the ones used for cdmaOne / cdma2000
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Reverse Link
Subchannel Encoding / Spreading / Modulation
cos(2fct)
sin(2fct)
+
-
+
+
I Data
Q Data
Quadrature Spreading
(Complex Multiply)Subchannel encoding
To
Antenna
Bandpass
Filter
Decimateby 2
Walsh Cover(++++=)
Q-Channel ShortPN Sequence
I-Channel ShortPN Sequence
Q-Channel
Access/User Long-CodePN Sequence
I-Channel
Access/User Long-CodePN Sequence
Pilot
ACK subchannel
DRC subchannel
Data subchannel
RRI subchannelTDM
AT RF Converter
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
1xEV-DO Measurements
Measurement Specifications
Minimum Performance Specifications for Access Networks (MPS_AN)
A set of tests for the access networks at all layers including the physical layer 3GPP2 C.S0032
TIA/EIA IS-864
Minimum Performance Specifications for Access Terminals (MPS_AT)
A set of tests for the access terminals at all layers including the physical layer
3GPP2 C.S0033 TIA/EIA IS-866
Test Application Specification Specification for AN and AT applications that run on the protocol stacks
Used to control the operation of the device for testing purposes
3GPP2 C.S0029-0
TIA/EIA/IS-890
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
1xEV-DO Measurements
Physical Layer AT Tx
Section # Measurement Name Measurement Type
3.1.2.1.1 Frequency Coverage Design Time Check
3.1.2.1.2 Frequency Accuracy Waveform Quality
3.1.2.2.1 Time Reference Waveform Quality vs Time
3.1.2.2.2 Waveform Quality and Frequency Accuracy Waveform Quality
3.1.2.2.3 Redundant ACK Transmission CDP (Triggered)
3.1.2.3.1 Range of Open Loop Output Power Power (Triggered)
3.1.2.3.2 Time Response of Open Loop Power Control Power vs Time
3.1.2.3.3 Range of Closed Loop Power Control Power vs Time
3.1.2.3.4 Maximum RF Output Power Power
3.1.2.3.5 Minimum Controlled Output Power Power
3.1.2.3.6 Standby Output Power Power (Triggered)
3.1.2.3.7 RRI Channel Output Power CDP (Triggered)
3.1.2.3.8.1 Code Domain Power DRC Channel Output Power CDP (Triggered)
3.1.2.3.8.2 Code Domain Power ACK Channel Output Power CDP (Triggered)
3.1.2.3.8.3 Code Domain Power Data Channel Output Power CDP (Triggered)
3.1.2.4.1 Conducted Spurious Emissions Spectrum
3.1.2.4.2 Radiated Spurious Emissions Spectrum
3.1.2.4.3 Occupied Bandwidth Spectrum
Measurement descriptions from the 3GPP2 document C.S0033 (C00-20011015-109__AT-MPS_PPV.doc) 15-Oct-2001
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Section # Measurement Name Measurement Type
3.1.1.2.1 Demodulation of Forward Traffic Channel in AWGN PER
3.1.1.2.2 Demodulation of Forward Traffic Channel in Multipath Fading Channel PER
3.1.1.2.3 Decision of Power Control Bit for Channels belonging to Different Power Control Sets Power vs Time
3.1.1.2.4 Decision of Power Control Bit for Channels belonging to the Same Power Control Set Power vs Time
3.1.1.2.5 Demodulation of Reverse Power Control Channel during Soft Handoff Power vs Time
3.1.1.3.1 Receiver Sensitivity and Dynamic Range PER
3.1.1.3.2 Single Tone Desensitization PER
3.1.1.3.3 Intermodulation Spurious Response Attenuation PER
3.1.1.3.4 Adjacent Channel Selectivity PER
3.1.1.4.1 Conducted Spurious Emissions Spectrum
3.1.1.4.2 Radiated Spurious Emissions Spectrum
1xEV-DO Measurements
Physical Layer AT Rx
Measurement descriptions from the 3GPP2 document C.S0033 (C00-20011015-109__AT-MPS_PPV.doc) 15-Oct-2001
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Introduction
What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Channel Overview
Physical Layer
Forward Link
Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Measurement
Overview
Conclusion
John Bowne 2/25/02 2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview
Summary
Technical overview of 1xEV-DO
Detailed examination of channel operation
Forward link overview
Reverse link overview
Brief overview of the measurements defined for 1xEV-DO
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