1168010.12 “processing models for the next generation network” 11 th annual conference on field...
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1168010.12
““Processing Models for the Next Processing Models for the Next Generation Network”Generation Network”
1111thth Annual Conference on Field Annual Conference on Field Programmable Logic and ApplicationsProgrammable Logic and Applications
August 28, 2001August 28, 2001
Jeff LawrenceJeff LawrenceIntel Communications GroupIntel Communications Group
jeff.lawrence@intel.comjeff.lawrence@intel.com
1168010.12
The PromiseThe Promise
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”
- Arthur C. Clarke
1168010.12
The landscapeThe landscape
1B ConnectedPeople
6B People > 1B ConnectedDevices
200M ConnectedComputers
1168010.12
The pastThe past
Highways
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Canals
Goods
Railways Telecommunications
Based on: Toyota
Information
People
1168010.12
The presentThe presentAccess toPeople Telephony
Access toInformation
InternetBroadband
Picocell
MacrocellGlobal
Suburban
UrbanIn-building
Appliances, devices and terminals
Microcell
Mobility Wireless
Population of the world – 5.85 bilTelephone lines per 1000 people – US: 643, Brazil: 96, China: 55
1168010.12
During each 2 minutes…During each 2 minutes…
70 new users signed up for NTT DoCoMo 400 new users came to the Internet 1,000 auctions closed on eBay 2,100 cellular phones were sold $30,000 was transacted at Amazon.com 97,000 searches were completed at Google 1,000,000 pages were downloaded from Yahoo 2,000,000 users were logged onto AOL 50,000,000,000,000 voice bits rode the core 100,000,000,000,000 data bits rode the core
1168010.12
And the futureAnd the future
Video phone
PC
Audio phone
TV
Screen phone
Wireline
Game Console
Based on: OvumNetboy
Web pad
Tamagotchi phone
Camera phone
PDA
Laptop
Voice handset
Low-end smartphone
CD Netman
Digital watch/ phone
Videophone
Wireless
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Connected by accessConnected by accessnetworks and gatewaysnetworks and gateways
Core (Packet, cell, circuit)
Core (Packet, cell, circuit)
Mobile Wireless Access
Narrowband Access (Wired)
Broadband Access(Cable, DSL, Fixed Wireless, Optical)
Enterprise (Ethernet,
802.11, Bluetooth, etc.)
Core
Access
Home &Enterprise
Clients &Devices
GW GW GW
GW GW
GW
Home (HPNA, 802.11, Bluetooth,
etc.)
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By different technologiesBy different technologies
SOHOSmallBus.
MediumBus.
LargeBus.
DSL (ADSL)
Cable
T-1
T-3
Satellite
MMDS
LMDS
Unlic. Wireless
3G Wireless
6.0 Mbps
10 Mbps
1.5 Mbps
44.7 Mbps
2.0 Mbps
10.0 Mbps
150 Mbps
20.0 Mbps
2.0 Mbps
HomeEnterprise
Based on: The Strategis Group
Analog Kbps
Ethernet 100 Mbps
1168010.12
With IP and Ethernet everywhereWith IP and Ethernet everywhere
Core (Packet, cell, circuit)
Core (Packet, cell, circuit)
Mobile Wireless Access
Narrowband Access (Wired)
Broadband Access(Cable, DSL, Fixed Wireless, Optical)
Enterprise (Ethernet,
802.11, Bluetooth, etc.)
Core
Access
Home &Enterprise
Clients &Devices
GW GW GW
GW GW
GW
Home (HPNA, 802.11, Bluetooth,
etc.)
Core:
SONET (OC-192/768)
10/100 Gbps Ethernet
Cu, xDSL, PON, cableEoCu, EoVDSL
Fiber Channel, Infiniband 10/100 Ethernet1/10 Gbps Ethernet, 802.11
HPNA, Bluetooth10/100 Ethernet, 802.11
2G, GPRS, 3G802.11
Metro:SONET (OC-48/192)10 Gbps Ethernet
1168010.12
Delivering content and servicesDelivering content and services
m/e servicesm/e servicesTransactions Banking Shopping Auctions Betting Booking & reservations Mobile wallet
Entertainment Music Games Graphics Books Video Radio
Information andEducation News Navigation & maps Directory services Traffic & weather Business information Market data
Communication Converse Short messaging Unified messaging Instant messaging E-mail Chatrooms Video-conferencing
Based on: Lehman Brothers
1168010.12
Over a new network modelOver a new network model
Transport /Distribution
Service /Content
Transport and distribution network provides connectivity, bandwidth on demand and manages complexity of network. Its role is to deliver service or content to user.
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Services and content
Transport and distribution
New Protocol Model New Network Model
1168010.12
The promiseThe promise
Rich content and media Any device, any where and any time Simple to use Widely, readily and instantly available Reliable Inexpensive Private and secure Independent of the underlying infrastructure
1168010.12
The RealityThe Reality
“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new”
- Albert Einstein
1168010.12
The industryThe industry
Standards Organizations and Industry Forums
(e.g., IETF, ITU, ETSI, ATM Forum, others)
Technology Providers(Intel, others)
Equipment Manufacturers(e.g., Cisco, Nortel, Alcatel, Huawei, Nokia)
Network Operators(e.g., AT&T, British Telecom,
MCI Worldcom, NTT)
Service Providers(e.g., AOL, NetZero, SBC)
End Users(e.g., Homes, Businesses and Organizations)
1168010.12
Is in a transitionIs in a transition
It’s not just technology and architecture It’s also the business model
ArchitectureArchitecture
TechnologyTechnology BusinessBusiness
1168010.12
As it comes to grips with…As it comes to grips with…
Record debt levels Market capitalization drop Excess capacity Equipment demand drop Poor supply line management Value flows
1168010.12
And moves from circuits to packetsAnd moves from circuits to packetsThe PSTN (SS7 and circuits) The NGN (IP and packets)
Single device type Multiple device types
Circuit based Packet and cell based
Electrical core Transparent optical core
Narrowband access Broadband access
Centralized intelligence and control Distributed intelligence and control
Closed Open
Network operator and service provider managed and
provisioned
User managed and provisioned
Voice and data Multi media (voice, text, graphics, audio, video), streaming media
Low bandwidth High bandwidth
High connectivity Very high connectivity and mobility
High availability High availability
High quality of service High quality of service
Secure and private Secure and private
Opportunities
1168010.12
And a common infrastructureAnd a common infrastructure
IPandATM
Telephony
Broadband
Wireless
Internet
H.323ISUP
GMPLS
SIP
IP
XML
ATM
2G 802.11GPRS 3G
MEGACOMGCP
SS7oIP
EDGE Bluetooth
Wireline
Wireless
Converged
SCP
LR, EIR, AuC
MGC /Softswitch
Diff Serv
SSL
Ethernet
IPv6 will be the Y2K of networkingIPv6 will be the Y2K of networking
IPsec
1168010.12
Network complexity is increasingNetwork complexity is increasing
V = CAN2
Value = Content * Accessibility * (Number of Users) 2
Metcalfe’s Law (as modified by Reed Hundt and Lee Goldberg)Metcalfe’s Law (as modified by Reed Hundt and Lee Goldberg)
Web pages
Storage
Traffic as proxy
Physical access
Finding content or
service
People,
clients, devices, sensors,
etc.
1168010.12
Application complexity is increasingApplication complexity is increasing
bits/sec * netops/bit = netops/sec
Transcoding
Compression / decompression
Cryptography
Authentication
Intrusion detection
Virus scanning
Classification
Scheduling
Radio
Metering
Policing
Pattern matching
Switching
Routing
Forwarding
Billing
QoS/CoS
Voice / audio / video encoding / decoding
UsersUsers 100’s millions100’s millions BillionsBillions
Device capabilitiesDevice capabilities Voice or textVoice or text Voice, text, graphics, Voice, text, graphics, audio, videoaudio, video
AccessibilityAccessibility Fixed narrowband, Fixed narrowband, direct referencedirect reference
Narrowband, Narrowband, broadband, wireless, broadband, wireless, indirect referenceindirect reference
ContentContent TBDTBD TBDTBD
1168010.12
Storage
MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4
G.711 G.721 G.722 G.723 G.723.1 G.728 G.729
HDTV ATV
ASCII text Group 1 Fax Group 2 Fax Group 3 Fax Postscript PDF
MIDI MPEG-2 MP3 Sony?
GIF JPEG G3D
HTML 1.0 HTML 2.0 HTML 3.2 XML
Checksum CRC-16 CRC-32 MNP-4 V.42 FEC
DH RSA RC2 RC4 IDEA CAST DES 3DES AES SSL
AMPS, TACS, NMT GSM, CDMAOne, TDMA, PDC GSM, TDMA CDMA2000, WCDMA, TDMA
Error detection& correction
Wireless WAN – RF
Wireless WAN - LD
Wireless LAN
Cable
DSL
Ethernet
Optical
Voice codec
Audio codec
Video codec
Security
Hash
Static content
Dynamic content
Text
Graphics
Video
Voice recognition
Image recognition
Storage
C Java .NET
Alogrithmic complexity is increasingAlogrithmic complexity is increasing
MD2 MD5 SHA SHA-1
Transport
Process
HIPERLAN 802.11b 802.11b
10M 100M 1G 10G 40G 100G
SDSL HDSL2 ADSL – G.lite ADSL RADSL VDSL
E-OTD TDOA AOA LPM A-GPS
Recognition Natural Language Processing
Recognition Processing
AM FM Digital
1168010.12
Store Transport Process Present Value
Storagebandwidth& capacity.
Transportbandwidth& reach.
Interconnect& memorybandwidth.Processor
& logicperformance.Applicationcomplexity.
Displaybandwidth.Resolution.Rendering.
bits/cm^3
bits/sec/pin bits/secbits/sec/mW/km
bits/sec/pinops/sec/mW/cm^3
ops/bit
bits/secpolygons/sec
It is a plumbing problem, the pipes should It is a plumbing problem, the pipes should be about the same sizebe about the same size
The future is about transporting, The future is about transporting, cracking and stuffing packetscracking and stuffing packets
1168010.12
At wire and fiber speedAt wire and fiber speed
OC-768
OC-12
10 M
100 M
1 G
10 G
bps
100 G
1 M
1985 2005200019951990
OC-192
OC-3 155.52 Mbps
622.08 Mbps
2488.32 Mbps
9953.28 Mbps
Core, Enterprise, Client
Access
39813.12 Mbps
T1
10M
10 / 100M
10G
1G
100G
OC-48
40G
1168010.12
Where there isn’t a lot of time to Where there isn’t a lot of time to do anythingdo anything
Line speedLine speed Packet Arrival RatePacket Arrival Rate
1 Gbps1 Gbps 350 ns350 ns
10 Gbps10 Gbps 35 ns35 ns
40 Gbps40 Gbps 8 ns8 ns
And in devices, there isn’t a lot of And in devices, there isn’t a lot of power to do anythingpower to do anything
1168010.12
A couple of examplesA couple of examples
1 Gbps transport bandwidth
TCP/IPMaximum packet requires about 1GHz of processor cycles
IPsec Cryptography - HMAC-SHA-1 and 3DES, minimum packet
requires 13 GHz and maximum packet requires 21.7 GHz of processor cycles
Public key - Flows per sec: 330, 1024 bit key requires 6.5 GHz and 1536 bit key requires 36.1 GHz processor cycles
Data movement112 byte datagram requires 6.3 GHz and 1500 byte datagram
requires 4.2 GHz memory bandwidth to preprocess, decapsulate and postprocess
1168010.12
Applications will be distributed Applications will be distributed across network elementsacross network elements
Services and content
Transport and distribution Connectivity Bandwidth Location service Mobility service Security service Class and quality of service Policy management Content caching and distribution Content transformation Content filtering Management and brokering
m/e services
1168010.12
There are still big problems to solveThere are still big problems to solve
Presence (determining if people or information are on the net) Instant messaging (communicating instantly) Mobility (enabling people or information to move on the net) Wireless (enabling people to be untethered) Peer-to-peer (client and device centric) Content (lots of information and it is no longer just text, it is
signals) Device diversity (not just a single device) Value (determining relevancy, authority, accuracy, point of
view) Value (a bit is not just a bit) Rights management Complexity
1168010.12
The realityThe reality
There is a long way to go to realize the promise The pipe to the home and enterprise must widen Friction must be removed along the brick
distribution/value chain by redefining value flow into virtual world.
The business models will sort themselves out Network, algorithmic and application complexity is
increasing Traditional processing models are reaching their limits We shouldn’t lose sight of the promise (technology
needs to absorb complexity)
1168010.12
The SolutionThe Solution
“If you don’t know where you’re going, you could wind up someplace else”
- Yogi Berra
1168010.12
Communications is not the same Communications is not the same as computingas computing
ComputingComputing CommunicationsCommunications
TechnologyTechnology digitaldigital analog, digital, analog, digital, MEMS, nanoMEMS, nano
DomainDomain electricalelectrical electrical, optical, electrical, optical, radioradio
IntegrationIntegration lowlow high (system on a high (system on a chip)chip)
DifferentiationDifferentiation cost, performance, cost, performance, powerpower
cost, performance, cost, performance, power, features, power, features, density, reach, density, reach, scalability, scalability, flexibility, etc.flexibility, etc.
FocusFocus bitsbits packetspackets
MetricMetric MIPSMIPS MIPS, MACS, MIPS, MACS, MOPS, MFLOPSMOPS, MFLOPS
1168010.12
The network is not standing stillThe network is not standing still
Moore’s lawProcessor performance doubling every 18 months
Gilder’s lawBandwidth doubling every 9 months
Storage1 Mbit/in^2 25x25mm 1980’s – thin film1 Gbit/in^2 800x800nm 1997 – magnetoresistive (MR)10 Gbit/in^2 250x250nm 2000 - MRX< 1.6 Tbit/in^2 20x20nm – spin value Giant MR< 40 Tbit/in^2 4x4nm – advanced Giant MR
1168010.12
Processing on each bit is increasing Processing on each bit is increasing
A bit is not just a bitA bit is not just a bit
Services
Applications
Functions/Operations
TranscodingTranscoding Encoding / Encoding /
decodingdecoding TranscodingTranscoding Compression / Compression /
decompressiondecompression CryptographyCryptography ClassificationClassification SchedulingScheduling RadioRadio
MeteringMetering PolicingPolicing Pattern matchingPattern matching SwitchingSwitching RoutingRouting ForwardingForwarding BillingBilling QoS/CoSQoS/CoS ContentContent
1168010.12
Putting pressure onPutting pressure on
PerformancePerformancePowerPowerDensityDensityCostCostFlexibilityFlexibilityScalabilityScalabilityComplexityComplexity
Addressed by:Addressed by:AlgorithmsAlgorithmsArchitecturesArchitecturesData representationsData representationsNumber systemsNumber systems
1168010.12
It is no longer just about IPS It is no longer just about IPS
Cycles Per Instruction
Instructions
Frequency
IPS OPSFLOPS MACS
bits/sec * netops/bit = netops/sec
NETOPS
ExecutionEnergy
StructureComplexity
1168010.12
Processing will be disaggregatedProcessing will be disaggregated
PerformancePowerDensityCostFlexibilityScalabilityComplexity
Function D
0 % 100%
100%
Function C
Function A
By a blend of hardware and software
Realized at a given
Ap
pli
ca
tio
n f
un
cti
on
s(E
xa
mp
le)
Software
Hardware
Function B
Function E
Function F
1168010.12
Into new processing modelsInto new processing models
Application Processor
Control Processor
Packet Processor
Signal Processor
Neural Processor
NetworkProcessor
AlgorithmicComplexity
(functions per bit)
Statefulness
DecisionComplexity
(branches per bit)FPGA
ASIC
1168010.12
Using various interconnectsUsing various interconnects
InfiniBandInfiniBand
HubLinkHubLink
WAN OpticalWAN Optical
WAN WiredWAN Wired
EthernetEthernet
C-PCIC-PCI
PCI, PCI-XPCI, PCI-X
Inter-ChipInter-Chip Inter-Board Inter-Chassis/Rack Inter-FacilityInter-Facility
WAN WirelessWAN Wireless
ArapahoeArapahoe
1168010.12
Optimized for the application or serviceOptimized for the application or service
Application Processor
Control Processor
Packet Processor
Signal Processor
Neural Processor
NetworkProcessor
AlgorithmicComplexity
(functions per bit)
Statefulness
DecisionComplexity
(branches per bit)FPGA
ASICCryptography
Authentication
Forwarding
Voice coding /decoding
Some examples…
1168010.12
Distributed across hardware and Distributed across hardware and softwaresoftware
PhysicalInterface
Processor SwitchFabric
InterconnectLogic
Data Plane
Control Plane
Service PlaneSys
tem
Pla
ne
Man
agem
ent P
lane
Software
Chip or board?
(electrical,optical,radio)
1168010.12
Offering transparent scalable Offering transparent scalable processingprocessing
From chip-to-chip to network wideFrom chip-to-chip to network wide
Consisting of:Processors, programmable logic, configurable logic, fixed logic
InterconnectsProgramming interfaces
That are:FlexibleScalableCost efficientPower efficient
1168010.12
Enabling the promise of the networkEnabling the promise of the network
Rich content and media Any device, any where and any time Simple to use Widely, readily and instantly available Reliable Inexpensive Private and secure Independent of the underlying infrastructure
And maybe even some unexpected And maybe even some unexpected things, like self-organizationthings, like self-organization
1168010.12
Contact InformationContact InformationBuilding blocks for the next generation network Building blocks for the next generation network
infrastructureinfrastructure
Intel Corporation
12100 Wilshire Blvd.
Suite 1800
Los Angeles, CA 90025-7118
Tel: +1 (310) 481-7817
Fax: +1 (310) 442-1162
Email: jeff.lawrence@intel.com
To receive a poster of the telecommunications infrastructure
please visit: http://www.trillium.com
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