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““Processing Models for the Next Processing Models for the Next Generation Network”Generation Network”

1111thth Annual Conference on Field Annual Conference on Field Programmable Logic and ApplicationsProgrammable Logic and Applications

August 28, 2001August 28, 2001

Jeff LawrenceJeff LawrenceIntel Communications GroupIntel Communications Group

jeff.lawrence@intel.comjeff.lawrence@intel.com

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The PromiseThe Promise

“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”

- Arthur C. Clarke

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The landscapeThe landscape

1B ConnectedPeople

6B People > 1B ConnectedDevices

200M ConnectedComputers

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The pastThe past

Highways

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Canals

Goods

Railways Telecommunications

Based on: Toyota

Information

People

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The presentThe presentAccess toPeople Telephony

Access toInformation

InternetBroadband

Picocell

MacrocellGlobal

Suburban

UrbanIn-building

Appliances, devices and terminals

Microcell

Mobility Wireless

Population of the world – 5.85 bilTelephone lines per 1000 people – US: 643, Brazil: 96, China: 55

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During each 2 minutes…During each 2 minutes…

70 new users signed up for NTT DoCoMo 400 new users came to the Internet 1,000 auctions closed on eBay 2,100 cellular phones were sold $30,000 was transacted at Amazon.com 97,000 searches were completed at Google 1,000,000 pages were downloaded from Yahoo 2,000,000 users were logged onto AOL 50,000,000,000,000 voice bits rode the core 100,000,000,000,000 data bits rode the core

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And the futureAnd the future

Video phone

PC

Audio phone

TV

Screen phone

Wireline

Game Console

Based on: OvumNetboy

Web pad

Tamagotchi phone

Camera phone

PDA

Laptop

Voice handset

Low-end smartphone

CD Netman

Digital watch/ phone

Videophone

Wireless

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Connected by accessConnected by accessnetworks and gatewaysnetworks and gateways

Core (Packet, cell, circuit)

Core (Packet, cell, circuit)

Mobile Wireless Access

Narrowband Access (Wired)

Broadband Access(Cable, DSL, Fixed Wireless, Optical)

Enterprise (Ethernet,

802.11, Bluetooth, etc.)

Core

Access

Home &Enterprise

Clients &Devices

GW GW GW

GW GW

GW

Home (HPNA, 802.11, Bluetooth,

etc.)

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By different technologiesBy different technologies

SOHOSmallBus.

MediumBus.

LargeBus.

DSL (ADSL)

Cable

T-1

T-3

Satellite

MMDS

LMDS

Unlic. Wireless

3G Wireless

6.0 Mbps

10 Mbps

1.5 Mbps

44.7 Mbps

2.0 Mbps

10.0 Mbps

150 Mbps

20.0 Mbps

2.0 Mbps

HomeEnterprise

Based on: The Strategis Group

Analog Kbps

Ethernet 100 Mbps

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To an all optical coreTo an all optical core

Application

IP

SONET

ATM

gigE

WDMTDM

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With IP and Ethernet everywhereWith IP and Ethernet everywhere

Core (Packet, cell, circuit)

Core (Packet, cell, circuit)

Mobile Wireless Access

Narrowband Access (Wired)

Broadband Access(Cable, DSL, Fixed Wireless, Optical)

Enterprise (Ethernet,

802.11, Bluetooth, etc.)

Core

Access

Home &Enterprise

Clients &Devices

GW GW GW

GW GW

GW

Home (HPNA, 802.11, Bluetooth,

etc.)

Core:

SONET (OC-192/768)

10/100 Gbps Ethernet

Cu, xDSL, PON, cableEoCu, EoVDSL

Fiber Channel, Infiniband 10/100 Ethernet1/10 Gbps Ethernet, 802.11

HPNA, Bluetooth10/100 Ethernet, 802.11

2G, GPRS, 3G802.11

Metro:SONET (OC-48/192)10 Gbps Ethernet

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Delivering content and servicesDelivering content and services

m/e servicesm/e servicesTransactions Banking Shopping Auctions Betting Booking & reservations Mobile wallet

Entertainment Music Games Graphics Books Video Radio

Information andEducation News Navigation & maps Directory services Traffic & weather Business information Market data

Communication Converse Short messaging Unified messaging Instant messaging E-mail Chatrooms Video-conferencing

Based on: Lehman Brothers

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Over a new network modelOver a new network model

Transport /Distribution

Service /Content

Transport and distribution network provides connectivity, bandwidth on demand and manages complexity of network. Its role is to deliver service or content to user.

Physical

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Services and content

Transport and distribution

New Protocol Model New Network Model

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The promiseThe promise

Rich content and media Any device, any where and any time Simple to use Widely, readily and instantly available Reliable Inexpensive Private and secure Independent of the underlying infrastructure

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The RealityThe Reality

“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new”

- Albert Einstein

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The industryThe industry

Standards Organizations and Industry Forums

(e.g., IETF, ITU, ETSI, ATM Forum, others)

Technology Providers(Intel, others)

Equipment Manufacturers(e.g., Cisco, Nortel, Alcatel, Huawei, Nokia)

Network Operators(e.g., AT&T, British Telecom,

MCI Worldcom, NTT)

Service Providers(e.g., AOL, NetZero, SBC)

End Users(e.g., Homes, Businesses and Organizations)

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Is in a transitionIs in a transition

It’s not just technology and architecture It’s also the business model

ArchitectureArchitecture

TechnologyTechnology BusinessBusiness

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As it comes to grips with…As it comes to grips with…

Record debt levels Market capitalization drop Excess capacity Equipment demand drop Poor supply line management Value flows

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And moves from circuits to packetsAnd moves from circuits to packetsThe PSTN (SS7 and circuits) The NGN (IP and packets)

Single device type Multiple device types

Circuit based Packet and cell based

Electrical core Transparent optical core

Narrowband access Broadband access

Centralized intelligence and control Distributed intelligence and control

Closed Open

Network operator and service provider managed and

provisioned

User managed and provisioned

Voice and data Multi media (voice, text, graphics, audio, video), streaming media

Low bandwidth High bandwidth

High connectivity Very high connectivity and mobility

High availability High availability

High quality of service High quality of service

Secure and private Secure and private

Opportunities

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And a common infrastructureAnd a common infrastructure

IPandATM

Telephony

Broadband

Wireless

Internet

H.323ISUP

GMPLS

SIP

IP

XML

ATM

2G 802.11GPRS 3G

MEGACOMGCP

SS7oIP

EDGE Bluetooth

Wireline

Wireless

Converged

SCP

LR, EIR, AuC

MGC /Softswitch

Diff Serv

SSL

Ethernet

IPv6 will be the Y2K of networkingIPv6 will be the Y2K of networking

IPsec

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Network complexity is increasingNetwork complexity is increasing

V = CAN2

Value = Content * Accessibility * (Number of Users) 2

Metcalfe’s Law (as modified by Reed Hundt and Lee Goldberg)Metcalfe’s Law (as modified by Reed Hundt and Lee Goldberg)

Web pages

Storage

Traffic as proxy

Physical access

Finding content or

service

People,

clients, devices, sensors,

etc.

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Application complexity is increasingApplication complexity is increasing

bits/sec * netops/bit = netops/sec

Transcoding

Compression / decompression

Cryptography

Authentication

Intrusion detection

Virus scanning

Classification

Scheduling

Radio

Metering

Policing

Pattern matching

Switching

Routing

Forwarding

Billing

QoS/CoS

Voice / audio / video encoding / decoding

UsersUsers 100’s millions100’s millions BillionsBillions

Device capabilitiesDevice capabilities Voice or textVoice or text Voice, text, graphics, Voice, text, graphics, audio, videoaudio, video

AccessibilityAccessibility Fixed narrowband, Fixed narrowband, direct referencedirect reference

Narrowband, Narrowband, broadband, wireless, broadband, wireless, indirect referenceindirect reference

ContentContent TBDTBD TBDTBD

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Storage

MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4

G.711 G.721 G.722 G.723 G.723.1 G.728 G.729

HDTV ATV

ASCII text Group 1 Fax Group 2 Fax Group 3 Fax Postscript PDF

MIDI MPEG-2 MP3 Sony?

GIF JPEG G3D

HTML 1.0 HTML 2.0 HTML 3.2 XML

Checksum CRC-16 CRC-32 MNP-4 V.42 FEC

DH RSA RC2 RC4 IDEA CAST DES 3DES AES SSL

AMPS, TACS, NMT GSM, CDMAOne, TDMA, PDC GSM, TDMA CDMA2000, WCDMA, TDMA

Error detection& correction

Wireless WAN – RF

Wireless WAN - LD

Wireless LAN

Cable

DSL

Ethernet

Optical

Voice codec

Audio codec

Video codec

Security

Hash

Static content

Dynamic content

Text

Graphics

Video

Voice recognition

Image recognition

Storage

C Java .NET

Alogrithmic complexity is increasingAlogrithmic complexity is increasing

MD2 MD5 SHA SHA-1

Transport

Process

HIPERLAN 802.11b 802.11b

10M 100M 1G 10G 40G 100G

SDSL HDSL2 ADSL – G.lite ADSL RADSL VDSL

E-OTD TDOA AOA LPM A-GPS

Recognition Natural Language Processing

Recognition Processing

AM FM Digital

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Store Transport Process Present Value

Storagebandwidth& capacity.

Transportbandwidth& reach.

Interconnect& memorybandwidth.Processor

& logicperformance.Applicationcomplexity.

Displaybandwidth.Resolution.Rendering.

bits/cm^3

bits/sec/pin bits/secbits/sec/mW/km

bits/sec/pinops/sec/mW/cm^3

ops/bit

bits/secpolygons/sec

It is a plumbing problem, the pipes should It is a plumbing problem, the pipes should be about the same sizebe about the same size

The future is about transporting, The future is about transporting, cracking and stuffing packetscracking and stuffing packets

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At wire and fiber speedAt wire and fiber speed

OC-768

OC-12

10 M

100 M

1 G

10 G

bps

100 G

1 M

1985 2005200019951990

OC-192

OC-3 155.52 Mbps

622.08 Mbps

2488.32 Mbps

9953.28 Mbps

Core, Enterprise, Client

Access

39813.12 Mbps

T1

10M

10 / 100M

10G

1G

100G

OC-48

40G

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Where there isn’t a lot of time to Where there isn’t a lot of time to do anythingdo anything

Line speedLine speed Packet Arrival RatePacket Arrival Rate

1 Gbps1 Gbps 350 ns350 ns

10 Gbps10 Gbps 35 ns35 ns

40 Gbps40 Gbps 8 ns8 ns

And in devices, there isn’t a lot of And in devices, there isn’t a lot of power to do anythingpower to do anything

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A couple of examplesA couple of examples

1 Gbps transport bandwidth

TCP/IPMaximum packet requires about 1GHz of processor cycles

IPsec Cryptography - HMAC-SHA-1 and 3DES, minimum packet

requires 13 GHz and maximum packet requires 21.7 GHz of processor cycles

Public key - Flows per sec: 330, 1024 bit key requires 6.5 GHz and 1536 bit key requires 36.1 GHz processor cycles

Data movement112 byte datagram requires 6.3 GHz and 1500 byte datagram

requires 4.2 GHz memory bandwidth to preprocess, decapsulate and postprocess

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Applications will be distributed Applications will be distributed across network elementsacross network elements

Services and content

Transport and distribution Connectivity Bandwidth Location service Mobility service Security service Class and quality of service Policy management Content caching and distribution Content transformation Content filtering Management and brokering

m/e services

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There are still big problems to solveThere are still big problems to solve

Presence (determining if people or information are on the net) Instant messaging (communicating instantly) Mobility (enabling people or information to move on the net) Wireless (enabling people to be untethered) Peer-to-peer (client and device centric) Content (lots of information and it is no longer just text, it is

signals) Device diversity (not just a single device) Value (determining relevancy, authority, accuracy, point of

view) Value (a bit is not just a bit) Rights management Complexity

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The realityThe reality

There is a long way to go to realize the promise The pipe to the home and enterprise must widen Friction must be removed along the brick

distribution/value chain by redefining value flow into virtual world.

The business models will sort themselves out Network, algorithmic and application complexity is

increasing Traditional processing models are reaching their limits We shouldn’t lose sight of the promise (technology

needs to absorb complexity)

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The SolutionThe Solution

“If you don’t know where you’re going, you could wind up someplace else”

- Yogi Berra

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Communications is not the same Communications is not the same as computingas computing

ComputingComputing CommunicationsCommunications

TechnologyTechnology digitaldigital analog, digital, analog, digital, MEMS, nanoMEMS, nano

DomainDomain electricalelectrical electrical, optical, electrical, optical, radioradio

IntegrationIntegration lowlow high (system on a high (system on a chip)chip)

DifferentiationDifferentiation cost, performance, cost, performance, powerpower

cost, performance, cost, performance, power, features, power, features, density, reach, density, reach, scalability, scalability, flexibility, etc.flexibility, etc.

FocusFocus bitsbits packetspackets

MetricMetric MIPSMIPS MIPS, MACS, MIPS, MACS, MOPS, MFLOPSMOPS, MFLOPS

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The network is not standing stillThe network is not standing still

Moore’s lawProcessor performance doubling every 18 months

Gilder’s lawBandwidth doubling every 9 months

Storage1 Mbit/in^2 25x25mm 1980’s – thin film1 Gbit/in^2 800x800nm 1997 – magnetoresistive (MR)10 Gbit/in^2 250x250nm 2000 - MRX< 1.6 Tbit/in^2 20x20nm – spin value Giant MR< 40 Tbit/in^2 4x4nm – advanced Giant MR

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Processing on each bit is increasing Processing on each bit is increasing

A bit is not just a bitA bit is not just a bit

Services

Applications

Functions/Operations

TranscodingTranscoding Encoding / Encoding /

decodingdecoding TranscodingTranscoding Compression / Compression /

decompressiondecompression CryptographyCryptography ClassificationClassification SchedulingScheduling RadioRadio

MeteringMetering PolicingPolicing Pattern matchingPattern matching SwitchingSwitching RoutingRouting ForwardingForwarding BillingBilling QoS/CoSQoS/CoS ContentContent

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Putting pressure onPutting pressure on

PerformancePerformancePowerPowerDensityDensityCostCostFlexibilityFlexibilityScalabilityScalabilityComplexityComplexity

Addressed by:Addressed by:AlgorithmsAlgorithmsArchitecturesArchitecturesData representationsData representationsNumber systemsNumber systems

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It is no longer just about IPS It is no longer just about IPS

Cycles Per Instruction

Instructions

Frequency

IPS OPSFLOPS MACS

bits/sec * netops/bit = netops/sec

NETOPS

ExecutionEnergy

StructureComplexity

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Processing will be disaggregatedProcessing will be disaggregated

PerformancePowerDensityCostFlexibilityScalabilityComplexity

Function D

0 % 100%

100%

Function C

Function A

By a blend of hardware and software

Realized at a given

Ap

pli

ca

tio

n f

un

cti

on

s(E

xa

mp

le)

Software

Hardware

Function B

Function E

Function F

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Into new processing modelsInto new processing models

Application Processor

Control Processor

Packet Processor

Signal Processor

Neural Processor

NetworkProcessor

AlgorithmicComplexity

(functions per bit)

Statefulness

DecisionComplexity

(branches per bit)FPGA

ASIC

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Using various interconnectsUsing various interconnects

InfiniBandInfiniBand

HubLinkHubLink

WAN OpticalWAN Optical

WAN WiredWAN Wired

EthernetEthernet

C-PCIC-PCI

PCI, PCI-XPCI, PCI-X

Inter-ChipInter-Chip Inter-Board Inter-Chassis/Rack Inter-FacilityInter-Facility

WAN WirelessWAN Wireless

ArapahoeArapahoe

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Optimized for the application or serviceOptimized for the application or service

Application Processor

Control Processor

Packet Processor

Signal Processor

Neural Processor

NetworkProcessor

AlgorithmicComplexity

(functions per bit)

Statefulness

DecisionComplexity

(branches per bit)FPGA

ASICCryptography

Authentication

Forwarding

Voice coding /decoding

Some examples…

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Distributed across hardware and Distributed across hardware and softwaresoftware

PhysicalInterface

Processor SwitchFabric

InterconnectLogic

Data Plane

Control Plane

Service PlaneSys

tem

Pla

ne

Man

agem

ent P

lane

Software

Chip or board?

(electrical,optical,radio)

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Offering transparent scalable Offering transparent scalable processingprocessing

From chip-to-chip to network wideFrom chip-to-chip to network wide

Consisting of:Processors, programmable logic, configurable logic, fixed logic

InterconnectsProgramming interfaces

That are:FlexibleScalableCost efficientPower efficient

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Enabling the promise of the networkEnabling the promise of the network

Rich content and media Any device, any where and any time Simple to use Widely, readily and instantly available Reliable Inexpensive Private and secure Independent of the underlying infrastructure

And maybe even some unexpected And maybe even some unexpected things, like self-organizationthings, like self-organization

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Thank you!Thank you!

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Contact InformationContact InformationBuilding blocks for the next generation network Building blocks for the next generation network

infrastructureinfrastructure

Intel Corporation

12100 Wilshire Blvd.

Suite 1800

Los Angeles, CA 90025-7118

Tel: +1 (310) 481-7817

Fax: +1 (310) 442-1162

Email: jeff.lawrence@intel.com

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please visit: http://www.trillium.com