1.1 introduction to power in the late republic

Welcome back to Ancient History 2014!

What do you remember?

• Assessment criteria?

• COMARR?

Ancient History: Course of Study

Fall of the Roman Republic

Rise of Augustus

GladiatorsEurope in Transition

Year 12

Assessment

Extended Written Response

Written Research Assignment

Multi-modal Presentation

Additional Test Formats

Assessment

Administration

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Power

http://www.nmimages.com/thumbs/L501_Pyramids.jpg

What is it?

Power is the ability to do

things and control others.

Simply put, power is the ability

to get the outcomes you want

and to affect the behaviour of

others to make this happen.Source: Held & Koenig-Archibugi, American Power in the 21st Century, p.125

Soft power

Soft power is about getting others

to want what you want…if I can get

you to want to do what I want, then

I do not have to force you to do

what you do not want. Simply put,

soft power is attractive power.Source: Held & Koenig-Archibugi, American Power in the 21st Century, p.125

Who?

Hard power

Military and economic power are

examples of “hard” and command

power that can be used to get

others to change their position.Source: Held & Koenig-Archibugi, American Power in the 21st Century, p.125

Who?

Power is universal and generational

Barry Kemp claims that the “ancient world contains the seeds of the modern world: TV news - presidential motorcades on thronged boulevards, excited crowds cheering a leader, public acts of worship”.

Source: www.ancientegyptmagazine.com/reviews05.htm

Who has power/influence in society today?

How many people can you identify in

this image?

For those that you can identify, what

type of power do they have?

Who had power in Ancient World?

Why?

How is it different to power today?

Key Question

To what extent can the quest for power by individuals during the Late Republic be attributed with bringing about its collapse?

Hypothesis:

Video – Crash Course Roman Republic

Ancient Rome had three forms of government

• Before the Republic it was a monarchy, ruled by kings

• 2nd period was a republic lasting until 27 BC

• Republic followed by the Empire, 27BC – 476 AD

Founding of Rome 753 BC Traditional founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus

Roman Republic 509 BC Overthrow of King Tarquin and destruction of monarchyEstablishment of Roman Republic

264-146BC Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage

44BC Julius Caesar assassinated marks the end of the Roman Republic

Roman Empire 31 BCOctavian Caesar defeats Mark

Antony and becomes emperor of Roman world. He is given title

Augustus.

476 AD Western Rome dies

Timeline of Ancient Rome

Roman Republic

133 BC Tribunates of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

119-78 BC Military and Political Careers of Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla

78 – 28 BC The rise of Pompey and the career of Julius Caesar

44BC Julius Caesar assassinated marks the end of the Roman Republic

Roman Principate

31 BC – 14 ADOctavian Caesar defeats Mark

Antony and becomes emperor of Roman world. He is given title

Augustus.

Period of study we will focus on

Roman Republic – Key concepts and definitions

• Worksheet – Roman Republic – Key concepts and definitions

• Refer to Weekly Plan for questions

Video – Roman System of Government

Roman Society in the Early Republic

Roman Society

• An understanding of Roman society is necessary

• Politics and problems of the late republic originated in the organisation of society

What do these people have in common?

What do these people have in common?

Patricians:

In early Rome, the

patricians (patricii) were a

highly privileged aristocratic

class of Roman citizens;

membership in this class

was hereditary and could be

achieved only by birth until

the end of the Republic.

Plebeians:The plebeians (plebei, from plebs, “common people”) were all the Roman citizens who were not patricians. Originally, patricians were forbidden to marry plebeians, so there was no possibility of movement from one order to another.

Patricians Plebeians

• Patricians comprised perhaps 10% of the population• Patricians claimed descent from the three original tribes (Ramnes, Tities and Luceres)• Word ‘Patrician’ comes from patres, meaning fathers (of Rome)• In early days they monopolised all political power and honours

• Plebeians formed the mass of the citizenry• Origin is uncertain – maybe a combination of factors: foreigners from the conquered cities and former clients of the Patricians. Perhaps also there was once an economic distinction though not necessarily later• Word ‘Plebeian’ comes from plebes, meaning the masses• Gradually Plebs gained their rights

• Do you believe a Patrician/Plebeian divide exists within our society in the western world? Justify your position.

Patron-client system

• Public display of status was a very important feature of Roman society

• It was not enough to belong to one of the upper classes—status and rank had to be seen, to be publicly recognized, in order to be meaningful.

Patron-client system

• Patron-client relationship a major instrument for the public display of status.

• Romans called mutual support between upper-class men of relative—though competitive—equality amicitia, “friendship.”

• Nearly every aspect of Roman life was affected by the widespread system of patronage – Based on publicly acknowledged inequality between

patron (patronus) and client (cliens); – Prevalence of patronage in Roman society was both a

result and a cause of its hierarchical, status-conscious nature, as well as of the wide gulf between the upper and lower classes.

Patron-client system

• Patronage

a system of economic, social and political dependence on the part of poorer men on a richer man

• Patrons

rich men, originally Patricians, but increasingly Plebians, who kept a body of followers, known as clients

Patron-client system

• Two types of patronage:

PublicIn which a patron became the protector and supporter of a group (e.g., a craftsman's guild, a religious association, even an entire city); such patronage usually involved large gifts of money for public buildings, alimentary schemes, public entertainment, etc., but could also involve various forms of protection and advocacy.

PersonalIn which a patron aided an individual of lower status through money, gifts, dinner invitations, help with lawsuits or business affairs, and other forms of advice and protection. Patronage relationships might be maintained through several generations of the same families.

• Public patrons expected to receive public acknowledgment from their client groups – Statues and inscriptions;

• Personal patrons expected various forms of public displays of deference such as the morning greeting, accompanying the patron to the Forum, etc.

• During the Republic, both types of patrons demanded political support from their clients

• Patronage system made possible the rich legacy of Roman literature– Wealthy patrons provided authors with a livelihood and

expected in return commemoration in the literature or at least enhanced status as intellectuals.