1 patterns in florist variation of zingiberales in terra firme forests in central and northern...
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Patterns in florist variation of Zingiberales in terra firme forests in Central and Northern
Amazonian
Fernando O. G. Figueiredo Flávia R.C. Costa
Gabriela Zuquim , Thaíse Emilio, Tania Pena Pimentel
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaPrograma Integrado de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Tropical e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia -PGBTRN
Understand what are the factors that control the spatial distribution of species and biodiversity is
importand for…
ECOLOGIST and BIOGEOGRAPHERS
process that maintain de biological diversity
ECOSYSTEM and FORESTS MANAGERS
conserve and use the biodiversity in efficient
way
BETA DIVERSITY(or in plant ecology = floristic variation)
One of the component of biodiversity studied in ecology and conservation is…
() Compositional differences between 2 or more localities
(Sorensen index – sp shared/restricted)
What are the factors that affect the floristic variation in tropical forests?
REGIONAL AND CONTINENTAL SCALES
(Pyke et al. 2001, ter Steege et al. 2006, Davidar et al. 2007).
CLIMATE
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TOPOGRAPHYand indirect
measure, LIGHT
LOCAL AND MESO SCALES(Pélissier et al. 2001, Valencia et al. 2004, Costa et al. 2005, Kinupp e Magnusson 2005, Poulsen et al.
2006, Zuquim et al. 2008)
LOCAL, MESO AND REGIONAL SCALES
(Clark et al. 1999, Vormisto et al. 2000, Jones et al. 2006, Poulsen et al. 2006, Tuomisto et al. 1995, Tuomisto e Poulsen 1996, Tuomisto et al. 2003,
Phillips et al. 2003, ter Steege et al. 2006)
SOIL FERTILITY, Geomorphology
What are the factors that affect the floristic variation in tropical forests?
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SPATIAL
“everything is related with everything else, but near things are
more related than distant thing” (Tobler 1970)
due the limited dispersion of species the floristic variation is spatial autocorrelated
(Hubbell 2001)Or…
As a result of the environmental spatial structure
Central Amazonia terra firme forests...
Costa et al. (2005) – Ervas
Kinnup e Magnusson (2005) Psychotria
Drucker et al. (2008)- ervas
Costa et al. (2008) – Palmeiras
Zuquim et al. (2008) – Pteridófitas
Carvalho (2006) – Pterid.;Marantaceae e Araceae
Sousa (2007) – Palmeiras
Topography, soil texture and distance from
stream
MESOSCALE(10 – 100 km2)
Understand what are the factors that control the spatial distribution of species and biodiversity is
interest for…
ECOLOGIST and BIOGEOGRAPHERS
process that maintain de biological diversity
ECOSYSTEM AND FORESTS MANAGERS
conserve the biodiversity in efficient way
…at all spatial scales , manly at REGIONAL SCALE !!!
Objective
Investigate the relative importance of the spatial and environmental factors in explain the pattern of floristic
variation at regional scale
Point out the…
some limitations of the actual design of PPBio plots/sites in biodiversity studies
and directions to solve this limitations
Community level
ZINGIBERALES
Order of MonocotsUnderstorey herb
Dispersed: passive, ants, birds and possibly by bats.
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Zingiberaceae
Marantaceae
Zingiberales (13.251 individuals and 61 species) Costaceae
Heliconiaceae
Strelitziaceae
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Study site = PPBio sites
EE Ilha de Maracá
30 plots11 e 12 plots
ReBio UatumãSítio do DenisSítio do Igapó-AçuPN do Viruá
32 plots
RF Adolpho DuckePDBFF
36 plots 23 plots
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Costa et al. (2005)
Plot design and data collection
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Each plot was at least 1km distant from any other
Plots were 250 x 2m and they were positioned to follow the topographic isoclines and thus minimize soil variation within each plot
We counted all individuals rooted inside the plot and identified the species based on specialized literature and specialists
6 Soil samples were taken at a depth of 5cm and mixed to produce a composite sample for each plot
Analyses included texture (percentage of clay, silt and sand) and Macronutrients ( K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+)
SOIL SAMPLE
Data collection
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Data collection
CLIMATE = WALSH Index
> 200 mm + 2
between 100 e 200 mm + 1
between 51 e 100 mm - 1
< 51 mm - 2
Each month with more than 100 mm after a month with less than
100 mm +0.5
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Each month with rainfall
Data analysis
dij = 1 – [2a / (2a+b+c)] Sorensen Index
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k nearest neighborhood methodIsometric Feature Mapping (ISOMAP)
(Tenembaum et al 2000, Mahecha et al 2007, Mahecha e Shmidtlein 2007)
Multivariate Regression Tree (MRT) (De’ath 2002)
on scores of 3 axes of ISOMAP ordination
Data analysis
We investigate the major pattern of floristic variation through…
Multiple linear regression on distance matrices
Y = floristic dissimilarities ISOMAP (k vizinhos próximos)
X1= Geographical distance(km)
X2= Climate (WALSH index)
X3= soil fertility (K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cation content)
X4= soil texture (% clay + silt)
Euclidian distance
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Data analysis
Simple correlation coefficient
Standard partial
regression coefficient
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Data analysis
* * 100Relative
importance of each variable
=
r = 0.842
r = 0.785
Results: explain the floristic dissimilarities (14,365 pairs comparison)
Simple correlation
r = 0.399
Geographic distance x climatecorrelation
r = 0.880 r = 0.499
Floristic dissimilarities x sp richness differences
correlation
Conclusions and Suggestions
As climate, soil fertility / geomorphology and geographic distance (spatial) can and must be used in predictive models
of florist variation in the Brazilian Amazon…
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Future sites of research must be located with the objective of break/decrease the high
spatial x climate correlation …
…It will be possible separate the jointly effects of environmental and biogeographical factors and
the interactions between them.
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Another ways of measure important environmental factors, like drainage, must be raised for
development better modelsex: HAND (Rennó et al. 2008)
Development of dissimilarities estimate methods independent of species richness…
Isolate the effects of gradient richness and floristic changes
Conclusions and Suggestions(methods)
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