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Pacific Juvenile Defender Center
California Juvenile Justice Policy & Legislation Update
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles November 20, 2009
Presenter
David Steinhart
Director, Commonweal Juvenile Justice Program
2
California youth arrest and incarceration trends
CA juvenile justice realignment update (SB 81)o State and county impact since enactmento 2009 “accountability” amendments to SB 81
CA Legislative Updateo Budget outcomes for juvenile justice programso Bill outcomes and two year bills still pending
Federal Youth Violence & Gang Legislationo Youth Promise Act, Feinstein Gang Abatement Act, JJDPA Renewal
Major juvenile justice policy issues on the agenda for 2010
PRESENTATION COVERAGE
3
California Youth Arrest & Incarceration Trends
4
8791685640
82748
76104
6850363889 63993
61539 60878 59871 6116165189 66191 65163
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Total Juv. Felony Arrests (left scale) Fel. Arrest Rate Per 100,000 (right scale)
Source: California Department of Justice
California Juvenile Felony Arrests andJuvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2008
5
California Arrests for VIOLENT CRIMESJuvenile and Adult Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2007
100
200
300
400
500
600
70019
95
1996
1997
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Juvenile Adult
Source: California Department of Justice
6
California Juvenile Justice SystemReferrals to Probation & Petitions Filed
2002 – 2008
129,029
65,151
154,954
87,297
169,681
86,283
194,670
98,919
207,298
104,094
203,526
101,816
220,896
112,383
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Referrals to Probation Petitions filed
Source: California Department of Justice
Referrals 71%
Petitions 73%
7
California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesAverage Daily Populations
By placement type in mid-2008 (TOTAL ADP = 15,900)
4,300
6,800
3,0001,800
State Div. Juv. Facilities
County camps
County juvenile halls
Group Homes
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research)
8
California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesAdmissions of Delinquency Cases
by Facility Type in 2008Total Admissions = 130,000 Juveniles
3,200
13,400
600
113,000
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000
Group homeplacement
Co. ProbationCamps
Co. Juv. Halls
Div Juv Justice
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research)
9
California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesAverage Length of Stay for Delinquency Cases
By Facility Type (2007/08, in days)
1075
117
22
305
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
DJF (FirstCommits.)
Co. ProbationCamp
Co. Juv. Hall
Group Home(est.)
ALOS in DAYS
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research)
10
California Transfers of Juveniles to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2008
252318 275
335
283343
724
866
535661
929
11231201
399
654
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Juvenile court remand to adult court
Prosecutor direct file in adult court
Total transferred to adult court
Source: California Department of Justice
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Adult Court Dispositions of Juvenile Cases – 2008
(N = 746 dispositions)
Convicted616 (83%)
Dismissed,Acquitted orRt’d to Juv.
Ct.132 (17%)
Prison/ Youth Authority358 (58%)
Probation17 (3%)
Probation with Jail215 (35%)
Jail9 (2 %)
Fine / Other17 (3%)
12
SB 81– Juvenile Justice Realignment Update
13
SB 81- Essential Elements of the Reform
Effective September 2007 Banned all future DJF commitments of “non-
violent” youth (“non 707(b) offenders”) Exception: non-707(b) sex offenders
Phased all non-707(b) wards out of DJF institutions and off the DJF parole caseload
Established the Youthful Offender Block Grant to pay counties for local juvenile offender options
14
SB 81 at the two year mark-- State impact:
Steep decline in DJF population
SEPT 2007 SEPT 2008 SEPT 2009Percent Change2007-09
DJF total inmate
population2,446 1,808 1,639 DOWN 33%
Non 707’s in DJF
institutions696 263 72 DOWN
90%
Non 707’s on DJF Parole
576 195 53 DOWN 92%
15
California Division of Juvenile Facilities (former CYA)
Institutional Population1996 – 2008 (as of December 31 each year)
9572
85998083
76667305
6497
5557
4696
36782999
26472293
1734
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
Source: Ca. Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation
16
835
532
810
90
6
641
74
6
462
82
5
397
125
5
330
171
20
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Est
Juvenile Court (DJF commitment)
Criminal Court (sentenced to prison, housed in DJF to age 18)
Criminal Court (direct DJF commitment)
____ __________ __ ____ __ _________ ___ __________ __ _______ _____ ______ _____
___
DJF First Commitments by Court of Commitment and admissions of “housing”
(state prison) cases 2004 – 2009 est
Source: CA Division of Juvenile Facilities, Research Branch
17
$36,118$39,425$40,528$43,565$49,111$56,247
$63,961
$83,223$92,545
$115,000
$178,000
$218,000
$252,000
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
Sources: CA state budgets, CA Dept. of Finance, CA Div. of Juvenile Justice,
Consent decree adoptedIn Farrell litigation
California Division of Juvenile Facilities (former CYA)
Per ward/ per year Institutional Cost1996 - 2008
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Picture is fragmented due to: No county plans past year No state monitoring, no county reports on SB 81 funded
programs “Shift” cases are hard to identify
Where is the displaced caseload going? Juvenile hall commitments: more of them, & they are
longer Specialized camp programs- e.g. at Challenger in Los
Angeles Older youth paroled from DJF have been banked on adult
probation Program development may be impeded by using SB 81
funds to supplant other probation costs
SB 81 at the two year mark- County impact and program development
19
County SB 81- YOBG allocations 10 largest for FY 09/10 (in $ millions)
$26.4
$2.6
$3.1
$3.1
$3.1
$4.4
$5.8
$6.9
$7.7
$8.2
$22.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
All others
Fresno
S. Clara
Kern
Alameda
Sac'mento
Riverside
Orange
S. Diego
S. B'do
L.A.
$ Millions FY 09-10
20
SB 81 Amendments (2009)YOBG “accountability”
requirementsWhy were amendments needed? No monitoring of how counties spend $93 million/year Complaints about how counties are spending YOBG funds Need to document spending to sustain YOBG funding
What the amendments do (SB 13X4 effective 7-28-09) Annual plan requirement
County must file annual spending plan w/ CSA
Annual expenditure reports Must be filed by Oct. 1 each year with CSA
Performance outcome measures Modeled on JJCPA measures Youth outcomes must be tracked for YOBG programs CSA must compile & publish annual summaries
21
California Legislative Report:Juvenile Justice Budget
and Bill Outcomes for 2009
California Juvenile JusticeBudget and Bill Outcomes
for 2009
22
State-Local Juvenile Justice FundsBudget outcomes FY 07/08 – FY 09/10
ProgramFY 07/08
Final Budget
FY 08/09Final Budget
with VLF backfill
FY 09/10Final Budget
With VLF backfill
Juv. Justice CrimePrevention Act $ 119 million $ 82 million $ 107 million
Juvenile Probation and Camp Funds $ 201 million $ 139 million $ 181 million
Youthful OffenderBlock Grant (SB 81)
$ 24 million $ 66 million $ 93 million
CalGRIP gang program grants $10 million $10 million $ 9 million
23
California Legislation Division of Juvenile Justice bills to cut incarceration
time AB 1053 (Solorio), signed: Advances release dates for DJF wards AB 999 (Skinner), two year bill– new time-add & time-credit rules
SB 399 (Yee): Juvenile LWOP Modified version stopped again in the Assembly
SB 678 (Leno): Community corrections for probation violators
State pays counties to keep probation violators in local programs County fund based on # violators not sent to state prison Goal: cut state prison pop. and cost, improve community offender
services
AB 1516 (Lieu): Prosecution-directed mental health exams
Defendant (juv. or adult) must submit to prosecution MH exam if def. counsel discloses expert on defendant’s mental state
Responds to Verdin v. Sup. Ct. holding that only Legislature can so authorize
24
Two year bills “still on the table” for 2010
AB 12 (Beall): Extended foster care benefits to age 21
AB 114 (Carter): Balanced and Restorative Justice programs
AB 438 (Beall): Juvenile & adult offenders with developmental disabilities
SB 134 (Lieu): Rights of incarcerated juveniles to communicate with their children
SB 441 (Ducheny): Reconfigure the Corrections Standards Authority
See Steinhart Leg. Digest for details, or go to www.leginfo.ca.gov
California Legislation
25
Youth Promise Act (Rep. Bobby Scott- H.R. 3846) Would invest $3 billion in youth crime prevention & gang outreach
programs Local Promise Coordinating Councils allocate funds Heavy emphasis on alternatives to incarceration, evidence-based
practices Broad bi-partisan support in the House of Rep.
Gang Abatement Act (Feinstein– S. 132) Competes with Youth Promise Act- only 1 bill likely to emerge from
Congress Focuses federal funds on law enforcement, gang suppression
programs Increases federal penalties, widens definitions of criminal gang
activity
JJDPA Reauthorization Senate renewal version (Leahy, Kohl & Specter)- S. 678 Strengthens core JJDPA mandates on jail removal, status offenders,
DMC May include new incentive grants for mental health, re-entry
services
Federal Legislation
26
California Policy Issues in Play for 2010
A. Shut down the state Div. of Juvenile Facilities? Proponents and proposals in play Cost pressures on CDCR and DJF are paramount Pros/ cons/ prospects for total closure
B. Overhaul state-local JJ program funding? Consolidation proposals to merge JJ funding streams Evidence based requirements tied to funds Restructure state agencies that administer funds State budget crisis / deficit still dominates in 2010
27
California Policy Issues in Play for 2010
C. Mentally ill juvenile offenders? JJ facilities (state & local) packed with mental health
cases Loss of funds– MHSA not filling gaps MediCal eligibility problems for incarcerated youth Models of reform: Cal Endowment “HRI”, MIOCR
programs Legislator interest in reform
D. Election year politics AG and Governor’s candidates will square off on crime &
corrections Gang violence likely to be a hot issue Budget will be still be a mess in 2010: another big deficit
year Administration will turn over in 2011– lame duck year
ahead
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