1 new varieties and us cotton quality kenneth b. hood chairman of the national cotton council h.b....
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New Varieties andNew Varieties andUS Cotton QualityUS Cotton Quality
Kenneth B. HoodKenneth B. HoodChairman of the National Cotton CouncilChairman of the National Cotton Council
H.B. Hood and Sons Gin & Perthshire FarmsH.B. Hood and Sons Gin & Perthshire Farms
Gunnison, MSGunnison, MS
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United States Cotton BeltUnited States Cotton Belt
PerthshireFarms
PerthshireFarms
3
Perthshire FarmsPerthshire FarmsIn the Mississippi DeltaIn the Mississippi Delta
4
Variety SelectionVariety Selection
Seed variety is the first decision about quality.Seed variety is the first decision about quality.
5
Cotton QualityCotton Quality
Seed VarietySeed Variety WeatherWeather
PestsPests ManagementManagement
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Variations in QualityDue to the Environment
Variations in QualityDue to the Environment
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pe
rce
nt
of
Va
ria
tio
n
Yield
Length
Strength
Mic
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New ManagementNew ManagementTechnologyTechnology
AnticipatesAnticipates Crop Needs Crop Needs
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Technologies Used in Precision FarmingTechnologies Used in Precision Farming
Plant PhysiologyPlant Physiology Soil FertilitySoil Fertility
Canopy ReflectanceCanopy ReflectanceRemote Sensing/GISRemote Sensing/GIS GPS GPS
Variable-Rate Variable-Rate Application Application EquipmentEquipment
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Remotely Sensed Stress Image Remotely Sensed Stress Image
and Yield Mapand Yield Map
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Using imagery as Using imagery as a guide, a GPS-a guide, a GPS-equipped equipped applicator can applicator can spray only where spray only where needed.needed.
Miridae (Plant Bug)
Spatially-Variable Insecticide ApplicationSpatially-Variable Insecticide Application
Less Healthy More Healthy
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Irrigation SchedulingIrrigation Scheduling
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Varieties Differ Widely Across the United States
Varieties Differ Widely Across the United States
Variety and climate variations produce a wide range of fiber qualities
Variety and climate variations produce a wide range of fiber qualities
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Wide Diversity of ChoicesWide Diversity of Choices
Staple Length 1 to 1.44 in. Strength 25 - 33 g/tex Micronaire (Mic) 3.2 - 5.0 Length Uniformity 80 - 82
Staple Length 1 to 1.44 in. Strength 25 - 33 g/tex Micronaire (Mic) 3.2 - 5.0 Length Uniformity 80 - 82
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2002 US Cotton QualityAs of 11/07/02
2002 US Cotton QualityAs of 11/07/02
White Grade 75% Light Spot Grade 22% Average Micronaire 4.6 Average Length
34.6(32nd) Average Strength 28(g/tex)
White Grade 75% Light Spot Grade 22% Average Micronaire 4.6 Average Length
34.6(32nd) Average Strength 28(g/tex)
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United States Cotton BeltUnited States Cotton Belt
Far West
SouthEast
MidSouth
SouthSouthWestWest
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Average Mic 2001 CropAverage Mic 2001 Crop
4.5
4
4.5
4.3
3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6
Far West
Southwest
Mid South
Southeast
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Average Length Uniformity Index 2001
Average Length Uniformity Index 2001
81.7
80.3
81.3
81.1
80 81 82
Far West
Southwest
Mid South
Southeast
Length Uniformity Index
81.7
80.3
81.3
81.1
80 81 82
Far West
Southwest
Mid South
Southeast
Length Uniformity Index
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Average Strength 2001Average Strength 2001
30.6
27.1
27
26.8
22 24 26 28 30 32
Far West
Southwest
Mid South
Southeast
Strength (g/tex)
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Average Staple Length 2001Average Staple Length 2001
35.9
32.9
34.1
34.2
32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Far West
Southwest
Mid South
Southeast
Staple Length (1/32 inch)
35.9
32.9
34.1
34.2
32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Far West
Southwest
Mid South
Southeast
Staple Length (1/32 inch)
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Emerging TrendsEmerging Trendsin Variety in Variety
DevelopmentDevelopment
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New Varieties In Development
New Varieties In Development
Changing needs of textile industry Growers pressed for high yield
(economics) and high quality (customer needs)
Seed companies breeding new genetics that will improve yield and quality to better meet grower and mill needs
Competitive pressure of seed companies
Changing needs of textile industry Growers pressed for high yield
(economics) and high quality (customer needs)
Seed companies breeding new genetics that will improve yield and quality to better meet grower and mill needs
Competitive pressure of seed companies
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New Varieties Moving into the Market
New Varieties Moving into the Market
Germplasm from many global research efforts• Bringing new germplasm with unique
traits• High yield with good fiber quality
Germplasm from many global research efforts• Bringing new germplasm with unique
traits• High yield with good fiber quality
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Comparison of Experimental Variety With Current Popular
Variety
Comparison of Experimental Variety With Current Popular
Variety
Height of bar is the percent change from commercial variety.
Height of bar is the percent change from commercial variety.
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
Length
Strength M
ic
Pe
rce
nt
Ch
an
ge
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
Length
Strength M
ic
Pe
rce
nt
Ch
an
ge
35.835.8 29.4 g/tex29.4 g/tex
4.34.3
24
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Staple Strength Mic Unif.
Early-Season VarietyVs.
Popular Early Season Variety
Early-Season VarietyVs.
Popular Early Season Variety
55 Locations 2000 to 10/22/2002
% o
f C
urr
en
t P
op
ula
r V
ari
ety
Current Variety = 34.3 27.1 4.87 83.1
35.735.7 28.5 g/tex28.5 g/tex
4.144.14
83.083.0
25
-5
0
5
Staple Strength Mic
New Full Season VarietyVs.
A Popular Full Season Variety
New Full Season VarietyVs.
A Popular Full Season Variety
% o
f P
op
ula
r V
arie
ty
36.0
30.0
4.40
Current VarietyCurrent Variety 34.334.3 27.127.1 4.874.87
26
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Staple Strength Mic Unif.
New Conventional Variety VS.
Popular Conventional Variety
New Conventional Variety VS.
Popular Conventional Variety
96 Locations 1999 to 2002
% o
f P
op
ula
r V
arie
ty
Standard = 36.1 30.9 4.14 82.6
37.4
28.1
4.24
82.4
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BiotechnologyBiotechnology
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Has biotechnology Has biotechnology affected fiber quality?affected fiber quality?
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How do transgenic How do transgenic varieties compare varieties compare
to their to their conventional conventional
counterparts?counterparts?
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Official Variety TrialsOfficial Variety Trials
Conducted by University Scientists 16 states 6 years (1995-2000) 422 different location-years Compared transgenic variety with its
parent when planted in the same fields
Conducted by University Scientists 16 states 6 years (1995-2000) 422 different location-years Compared transgenic variety with its
parent when planted in the same fields
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Yield: Transgenic Varieties Vs. Recurrent Parents
Yield: Transgenic Varieties Vs. Recurrent Parents
Source: NCC review of US Official Variety Trials 1995-2000
-5
0
5
Bt Bt/RR RR BXN
% o
f P
aren
t%
of
Par
ent
32
Fiber Strength: Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
Fiber Strength: Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
-5
-2.5
0
2.5
5
Bt Bt/RR RR BXN
-5
-2.5
0
2.5
5
Bt Bt/RR RR BXN
Source: NCC review of US Official Variety Trials 1995-2000
% o
f P
aren
t%
of
Par
ent
33
Staple Length: Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
Staple Length: Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
-5
0
5
Bt Bt/RR RR BXN
-5
0
5
Bt Bt/RR RR BXN
Source: NCC review of US Official Variety Trials 1995-2000
% o
f P
aren
t%
of
Par
ent
34
Micronaire: Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
Micronaire: Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
-5
0
5
Bt Bt/RR RR BXN
Source: NCC review of US Official Variety Trials 1995-2000
% o
f P
aren
t%
of
Par
ent
35
Length Uniformity Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
Length Uniformity Transgenic Vs. Recurrent Parents
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
Bt Bt/RR RR BXN
Source: NCC review of US Official Variety Trials 1995-2000
% o
f P
aren
t%
of
Par
ent
36
ConclusionConclusion
Varieties are improving in both yield and quality
Technology for managing plant stress also is improving
DNA transformation has not caused a fiber quality change
Varieties are improving in both yield and quality
Technology for managing plant stress also is improving
DNA transformation has not caused a fiber quality change
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