1 helping foster parents & child care workers prevent and reduce adolescent violence
Post on 02-Jan-2016
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Helping Foster Parents Helping Foster Parents & Child Care Workers& Child Care Workers
Prevent Prevent and and
Reduce Reduce Adolescent Adolescent
Violence Violence
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What is Violence?What is Violence?
Phsttt.. Rarow!!
Arghhhh! Ruff…Ruf
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Common Types of Common Types of ViolenceViolence
• Aggressive and intimidating posturing or bullying
• Verbal threats of violence
• Physical fighting, sometimes including weapons
• Violent outbursts when challenged or confronted
• Date violence
• Gang violence
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What influences What influences youth violence?youth violence?
• Belief that violence is an acceptable problem solving method or reaction
• Learned violence from family, community and media models
• Poor impulse control
• History of abuse or trauma
• Youth at-risk characteristics
• Risky Behavior
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Assessing Assessing Adolescent Adolescent ViolenceViolence• History of violent and
aggressive behavior
• Poor impulse control
• Poor anger management and problem solving skills
• History of other risky or inappropriate behaviors
• Prior history of abuse, neglect or trauma
• Family or community violence that results in the belief that violence is acceptable
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Programs Targeting Programs Targeting Adolescent ViolenceAdolescent Violence
Anger Management, Problem Solving and Social Skills Training Programs
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Programs Targeting Programs Targeting Adolescent ViolenceAdolescent Violence
Mentoring Programs
Out of Home Placement
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Programs Targeting Programs Targeting Adolescent ViolenceAdolescent Violence
Bullying and Resisting GangsPrograms
Family Therapy
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Mentoring Mentoring ProgramsPrograms
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Workers as MentorsWorkers as Mentors• What did you do that
provided mentoring?
• What was the response by the individual?
• Were there ever times when a youth let you know that something you did meant a lot to them?
• Who did you mentor?
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Anger Management Anger Management Training ComponentsTraining Components
• What is anger?
• What causes anger?
• How is anger different from aggression?
• What triggers anger in you?
• What are the external and internal cues that tell you that you’re angry?
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Addressing Anger Addressing Anger ManagementManagement(Reducing Anger Responses)(Reducing Anger Responses)
• Stop and think
• Attend to relevant cues
• Identify alternative responses and the benefits and consequences of each alternative
• What are alternatives to violent responses?
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Addressing Anger Addressing Anger ManagementManagement(Reducing Anger Responses)(Reducing Anger Responses)
• Use self control and relaxation skills
• Use assertive techniques
• Resist taunts
• Self evaluation
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8 Step Social Problem 8 Step Social Problem Solving ModelSolving Model
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1. Is there a problem?
2. Stop and think.
3. Why is there a conflict?
4. What do I want?
5. Think of solutions.
6. Look at consequences.
7. Choose what to do and do it.
8. Evaluate the results.Guerra, N. G. & Slaby, R. G. (1990). Cognitive mediators of aggression in adolescent
offenders: 2. Intervention. Developmental Psychology, 26, 269-277.
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Pro-Social SkillsPro-Social Skills• Communication skills
• Negotiating skills
• Giving and receiving positive and negative feedback
• Recognizing and following social norms
• Controlling angry, surly, or sulking behavior
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Pro-Social SkillsPro-Social Skills• Using assertiveness to
express own needs
• Using appropriate conversational skills
• Social networking
• Avoiding alcohol and drug use
• Appropriate use of affection and sexual interactions
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Bullying…Bullying…• Is repetitive,
aggressive behavior that exercises power over the victim
• Includes behaviors such as teasing, gossiping, social exclusion, extortion, verbal attacks, and physical attacks.
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Preventing BullyingPreventing Bullying• Specific needs
assessed by workers and by youth
• Increased supervision
• Consequences for bullying behavior
• Eliminate the benefits of bullying
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Eliminating the Eliminating the benefits of Bullyingbenefits of Bullying
• Empowering youth to resist bullying
• Immediately respond to bullying– Punishments
– Talks with bullies and victims
– Coordination of responses
• Rules are regularly evaluated
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Gang Resistance TrainingGang Resistance Training
Discussions about:
• Impact of crime on communities and victims
• Cultural sensitivity
• Conflict management
• Personal responsibility and goal setting
• Meeting basic needs without joining a gang
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Confronting Beliefs Confronting Beliefs that Support Violencethat Support Violence
• Violence is not an effective way to solve problems or feel powerful or be in control when confronted.
• Consequences of violence
• Alternatives to violence that better solve the problem,
• Effects of community prejudice and ways to overcome that prejudice.
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Principles of Structure Principles of Structure & Limit Setting& Limit Setting
• Supervise activities
• Monitor youth whereabouts
• Make rules or expectations clear
• Help youth understand the rationale of rules
• Give youth input into rule formation
• Outcomes should be predictable
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Principles of Structure Principles of Structure & Limit Setting& Limit Setting• Rewards include social
reinforcement and tangible reinforcement
• Natural consequences are more effective
• Avoid long-term consequences
• Flexible rules are more effective
• Following rules is a learning process
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Did Parents…Did Parents…• Monitor adolescent’s
whereabouts?
• Make rules clear, flexible and predictable?
• Explain rationale for rules and give teen some input?
• Use natural, short-term consequences?
• Include rewards?
• Remember that following rules is a learning process?
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Effective Residential Effective Residential Care StrategiesCare Strategies
• Structure and behavior regulation
• Consistency and predictability of adaptive demands
• Autonomy and individuality
• Emotional support
• Trustworthiness of staff
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Effective Foster CareEffective Foster Care• Shows adult
involvement and mentoring is more effective than peer group interventions in reducing problem behavior.
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Foster Care Foster Care ComponentsComponents
• Individualized, structured foster home placements
• Clear rules and consequences
• Focus on adolescent’s strengths
• Daily telephone contact and weekly meetings
• Weekly individual counseling
• Weekly sessions with parents
• Gradually increasing time for home visitation
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Family Therapy Family Therapy ProgramsPrograms • Individualized treatment plans
• Focus on strengths and resilience,
• Use of multiple levels of intervention (e.g., individual, family, community, peers, school)
• Improve the relationships between youth and parents
• Improving parental limit setting, monitoring and discipline
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Skills Training Skills Training ComponentsComponents
• Anger management
• Problem-solving
• Pro-social skills
• Increased awareness of consequences of violence and refuting beliefs supporting violence
• Effective use of structure, limit-setting, and consequences by parents and other caretakers
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Common Common Characteristics of Characteristics of Treatment Treatment ApproachesApproaches• Tailored to meet the
individual needs
• Involve collaboration and coordination
• Use a strengths and resilience approach
• Encourage positive relationships with parents and non-parental adults
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Primary Change Primary Change MechanismsMechanisms
• Behavioral changes
• Cognitive changes
• Focus on learning
• Focus on positive
• Intensive, collaborative, coordinated treatment
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Implementing Implementing InterventionsInterventions
• Fitting components into present treatment plans
• Some treatment interventions are already part of the treatment plan or are logical extensions of elements already in the plan
• Collaborating with existing service providers
• You don’t have to do everything yourself
• Identifying existing services and referral networks
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Implementing Implementing Interventions (cont)Interventions (cont)• Accommodating agency
structure and policies
• Identifying barriers to implementing strategies for preventing or reducing adolescent violence
• Using supportive evidence of intervention effectiveness
• Using a step by step approach (all items do not have to be implemented at once)
• Emphasizing linkage with other service providers (unless that is one of the barriers)
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The End…The End…
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