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Delivering Large Scale WebRTC
Richard Tworek Principal WebRTC Strategies rtworek@webrtcstrategies.com Twitter: rmtworek
11/25/2013
2
STRATEGIES
WebRTC
Panelists
• Michal Raz – Vice President, Business Development
– Vidyo
• Jim Donovan – Director, Product Management
– Oracle Communications
• Arnaud Budkiewicz – CEO
– Bistri
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Trend
• WebRTC deployments anticipate large numbers of users
• Two Outcomes
– Actual WebRTC event is with a small group of users
– Webcasting, gaming, virtual reality, education and a multitude of other applications will require large to very large groups of users to be in actual real-time simultaneously.
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WebRTC Market Trends
http://webrtcstats.com/webrtc-forecasts-upgraded-mobile-support-accelerating/
• Widespread adoption by
expected by 2016 – 3.9b devices
• 1 billion device threshold
crossed in Q1 2014
• Active user base (individuals) for
WebRTC to exceed 1.5b people
by end-2016
• Market trends drive significant
scaling requirements
Session
This session will examine the issues and potential solutions for using WebRTC for these level deployments
Scaling webRTC Deployments
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• WebRTC enables real-time video communications in every browser
• Potential explosion of millions of endpoints
• Requires robust video communication backend solution for:
– Multipoint
– Scalability
– Manageability/SLA
– Interoperability
– Error resilience
• Transcoding bridge (MCU) will not do the job
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MCU Architecture Challenge Hardware fixed to a given location = under utilized assets
1 MCU 100 Ports
2 MCU 200 Ports
3 MCU 300 Ports
Duplicated capacity per geography used just 8 hours per day!
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Solution = Scalable Video Coding Architecture Support any device on any network
High Resolution - High Frame Rate
Medium Resolution – Medium Frame Rate
High Resolution – High Frame Rate
Low Resolution – Low Frame Rate
Base Layer
High Resolution Layer
500 Kbps
Base Layer
High Resolution Layer
Base Layer
2 Mbps
High Resolution Layer
3G/4G – Low Bandwidth
Base Layer
Source
All Resolutions Delivered With Minimal Latency
Consistent quality at any bandwidth
Scales to Support Large Deployments
Example Customer: CERN- CERN Usage Traditional MCU: 125U (DSP)
VidyoRouter: 6U (x86)
General Purpose IP Network No QoS Required
VidyoRouter™ Localizes Video Traffic
Up to 70% reduction in WAN traffic through localization
• Scalable coding solves fundamental problems in real-time video – Error resilience and localization – Rate matching – Personalized layout – Low delay for multipoint – Cascading – Low cost
• VidyoRouter makes multipoint video similar to any other network-based application
• VP9 with scalability will make massive multipoint deployment possible
Meet face to face with whoever you want, whenever you need to, with a single click
Any time, any where, any device Visit Vidyo Booth #407, Tweet @Vidyo and #webRTCexpo
Scalability Challenges
• Many WebRTC sessions won’t be P2P – Interworking with PSTN & mobile
– Large scale conferencing
– Regulatory (lawful intercept, call recording, etc.)
• Media encryption interworking
• NAT traversal (TURN & alternatives)
• Similar problems as once seen with SIP-based networks
Scalability via WebRTC Signaling & Media Control
• Intelligent & dynamic media release for improved scale & bandwidth savings
• Highly-scalable SRTP media termination
• Distributed signaling & media architecture for max. scalability
• High availability architecture
Web App Web App
WebRTC Media Control
WebRTC Media Control
WebRTC Media Control
WebRTC Media Control
WebRTC Signaling Control
P2P vs. anchored
media
Scalability via Overload Protection
• Prevents overload of the edge & back-end service at scale
• DoS attack prevention
• Traffic prioritization maintains normal service to valid users
• Efficiently handles encryption keys & network authentication
WebRTC Signaling & Media
Control
Recommendations for Addressing WebRTC Scaling Challenges
• Consider utilizing a purpose-built WebRTC signaling & media control architecture in the network
• Provides these key features: – High scalability for signaling & media – Maximum reliability – Interoperability – Security
WebRTC Signaling & Media
Control
Large Scale Challenges: client
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• Frictionless
– Simple: a Permanent link to be reached
– Any browser: WebRTC & Flash >> the same UX, features
based on 1 million minutes of video call /month
Chrome App
• Open: No registration, no need to be friend
>> the right signaling protocol: XMPP
>> to build a Guest mode
>> and Gateways to G+, FB, Y!, VK… with SSO
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• Add Full-time Presence to the Web
>> Android Native App
Large Scale Challenges: client
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• Cross-platform WebRTC video calls: >> all implementations, all devices – Firefox, Chrome, Chrome OS Devices
– Android Mobile Web & Native app, Google Glass
from a QRcode
to a video call
in a mobile browser
Large Scale Challenges: client
• Video & Audio Quality, Battery life: Codecs
– OPUS & VP8: software
– H264
• Firefox started H264 integration
• Could help leverage WebRTC
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Large Scale Challenges: client
• Security
– WebRTC flows 256-bit AES encrypted
– other communications => HTTPS
– First VP8 devices • Google Nexus 5 • Kindle Fire HDX
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• Multi-party WebRTC Conferencing: pushing the limits
– 1 permanent link per user: Dedicated signaling
– 4 parties video conferencing
• High CPU usage on the client
• Mesh network: no MCU
– Chat without Chat server: Data channels
– Screen sharing, Chrome only
Large Scale Challenges: client
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Network communications
• Flexible, interoperability
– REST/JSON
WebRTC standard does NOT
include the signaling
• XMPP over HTTP
• LibJingle
92%
• NAT, Firewalls, 3G/4G
– WebRTC => STUN/TURN
– Flash => RTMP, RTMPT
Large Scale Challenges: net
Large Scale Challenges: backend
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Server side
• Automated, Scalable, Elastic Cloud based on AWS EC2
• Gateways: make the contact list run fast 1 gateway activated by 1 user
get list & presence ALL his contacts
+200 Million contacts => Cache Redis
• Geo-localize: to be close to the user => DB sharding, TURN clustered
Large Scale Challenges: APIs
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• Easy to integrate WordPress, JS, Widgets SDK Android
• Flexible – XMPP? => Dedicated signaling – Presence management => Websocket Clustered
• Secure => Api Token /application, domain locked
• Scalable architecture – Socket.io + Nodejs + Redis + pub/sub + MemCache
Questions
1. What are the scaling challenges you have observed in early WebRTC deployments?
2. How do the scalability challenges with WebRTC differ from those found in SIP-based networks?
3. Do you envision most WebRTC apps operating in a P2P or network anchored mode?
4. Today’s webRTC with VP8 has some scalability, what is missing?
5. What is the significance of this for Web Developers? 6. Is SVC an adopted technology?
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