1 10 the internet and the new information technology infrastructure

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1010THE INTERNET AND THE INTERNET AND

THE NEW THE NEW INFORMATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY

INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE

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The New IT Infrastructure

• Large DBs that need central storage found on mainframes, or specialized servers. Smaller DBs and portions of larger ones on PCs/Workstations

• Client/server computing is used to distribute power to desktop

• Extend to desktop to includes mobile devices• Incorporates public infrastructure (telephone

system, Internet, etc.)

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IT Infrastructure

• Enterprise Networking– An arrangement of the organization’s hardware,

software, network and data resources

– To put power on the desktop & create a company-wide network linking smaller networks

• Internetworking– Linking of separate networks, each of which retains its

identity, into an interconnected network

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Standards and Connectivity

• Connectivity– The ability of computers and computer-based

devices to communicate and share information without human intervention

• Open Systems– Software that operates on different hardware– Built on application standards, and network

protocols

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Model of Connectivity

• TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/internet protocol)– Used in the Internet, allows different types of

computers to communicate– Five layers

• OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)– Seven layers, international reference model

• Bluetooth – Allows high-speed, radio-based communication – Used with wireless devices, over small area

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TCP/IP Model

Application

Transport (TCP)

Internet(IP)

Network

Interface

Hardware

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Client/server Computing on the Internet

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Internet Capabilities

• E-mail– Person -to-person

messaging; document sharing

• Usenet Newsgroups– Discussion groups using

electronic bulletin boards • List Servers

– Discussion groups using email list servers

• Chat Rooms– Interactive conversations

• Telnet– Working on one computer

while logged on to another• FTP

– Transfer of files from computer to computer

• World Wide Web– Display, format and retrieve

information using hyperlinks

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Domain Names

• Domain name– Unique name to identify a node on the Internet– Corresponds to an IP address– Domain Name Server (DNS) maps domain names to their

IP address– Contains sub-domains, separated by periods

•Example: www.chaudhury.mis.umb.edu

•Equivalent IP: 158.121.112.98Root

.mil .net .com .edu .org

.umb

.chaudhury .kuilboer

.cs .mis

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Top level domains

Domain Description

com Commercial, business

edu Educational

gov Government

mil Military

net ISP or other network services provider

org Not-for-profit organization

ca, uk, is, it Country indicators

Other domain names have been approved (e.g., biz, info, name, museum)

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Next Generation Internet

• Internet2– Research network with new protocols and

transmission speeds– Supports high bandwidth applications– Video portal– CA*net3: Canada’s Internet2

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Searching the Web

• Search Engine– A tool for locating specific sites on the Internet

• Bots/Agents– Software tool that facilitates digging through

data (e.g. a shopping bot)

• Broadcast and “Push” Technology– Computer automatically broadcasts information

to user based on preferences

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Intranets & Extranets

• Intranet– Private network using Internet technology– Protected from outsiders by firewalls

• Hardware and software placed between intranet and external networks

• Packet Filtering router: submits packets to filter that applies a set of rules

• Extranet– Intranets that allow authorized access by external

stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, customers)

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Wireless Web

• Wireless Web Standards– WAP (wireless application protocol)

• Uses WML (wireless markup language)• Optimized for tiny displays (e.g. cell phones)

– I-mode• Developed in Japan, being introduced in Europe and

NA• Uses compact HTML (easier to integrate than WML)

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Organizational Benefits of Internet & Web

• Provide global connectivity• Reduce communication and transaction

costs– Email, Internet telephony (Voice over IP)– Enhance coordination and collaboration

• Accelerate the distribution of knowledge• Enhance customer relationship and supply

chain management

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E-commerce & e-Business Technologies

• E-commerce server software– Set up storefronts and catalogues– Design electronic shopping carts– Make shipping arrangements– Link to electronic payment systems– Display product availability & tracking– Connect to back-office systems– Report on site statistics and functions

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Customer Tracking & Personalization Tools

• Goals of tracking and personalization tools– Collect and store data on behaviour of online customers

– Analyze data to better understand behaviour

– Identifying customer trends

• Clickstream tracking– Tracking customer activities, storing in a log

• Collaborative filtering– Compare customer tracking data with data from

customers with similar profiles, predict preferences

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Web Management

• Content management tools– Facilitates collection, assembly and

management on a web site

• Web performance monitoring tools– Monitors download times, transaction times,

broken links and bottlenecks

• Web hosting Services