1 10 the internet and the new information technology infrastructure
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1010THE INTERNET AND THE INTERNET AND
THE NEW THE NEW INFORMATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE
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The New IT Infrastructure
• Large DBs that need central storage found on mainframes, or specialized servers. Smaller DBs and portions of larger ones on PCs/Workstations
• Client/server computing is used to distribute power to desktop
• Extend to desktop to includes mobile devices• Incorporates public infrastructure (telephone
system, Internet, etc.)
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IT Infrastructure
• Enterprise Networking– An arrangement of the organization’s hardware,
software, network and data resources
– To put power on the desktop & create a company-wide network linking smaller networks
• Internetworking– Linking of separate networks, each of which retains its
identity, into an interconnected network
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Standards and Connectivity
• Connectivity– The ability of computers and computer-based
devices to communicate and share information without human intervention
• Open Systems– Software that operates on different hardware– Built on application standards, and network
protocols
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Model of Connectivity
• TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/internet protocol)– Used in the Internet, allows different types of
computers to communicate– Five layers
• OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)– Seven layers, international reference model
• Bluetooth – Allows high-speed, radio-based communication – Used with wireless devices, over small area
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TCP/IP Model
Application
Transport (TCP)
Internet(IP)
Network
Interface
Hardware
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Client/server Computing on the Internet
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Internet Capabilities
• E-mail– Person -to-person
messaging; document sharing
• Usenet Newsgroups– Discussion groups using
electronic bulletin boards • List Servers
– Discussion groups using email list servers
• Chat Rooms– Interactive conversations
• Telnet– Working on one computer
while logged on to another• FTP
– Transfer of files from computer to computer
• World Wide Web– Display, format and retrieve
information using hyperlinks
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Domain Names
• Domain name– Unique name to identify a node on the Internet– Corresponds to an IP address– Domain Name Server (DNS) maps domain names to their
IP address– Contains sub-domains, separated by periods
•Example: www.chaudhury.mis.umb.edu
•Equivalent IP: 158.121.112.98Root
.mil .net .com .edu .org
.umb
.chaudhury .kuilboer
.cs .mis
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Top level domains
Domain Description
com Commercial, business
edu Educational
gov Government
mil Military
net ISP or other network services provider
org Not-for-profit organization
ca, uk, is, it Country indicators
Other domain names have been approved (e.g., biz, info, name, museum)
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Next Generation Internet
• Internet2– Research network with new protocols and
transmission speeds– Supports high bandwidth applications– Video portal– CA*net3: Canada’s Internet2
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Searching the Web
• Search Engine– A tool for locating specific sites on the Internet
• Bots/Agents– Software tool that facilitates digging through
data (e.g. a shopping bot)
• Broadcast and “Push” Technology– Computer automatically broadcasts information
to user based on preferences
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Intranets & Extranets
• Intranet– Private network using Internet technology– Protected from outsiders by firewalls
• Hardware and software placed between intranet and external networks
• Packet Filtering router: submits packets to filter that applies a set of rules
• Extranet– Intranets that allow authorized access by external
stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, customers)
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Wireless Web
• Wireless Web Standards– WAP (wireless application protocol)
• Uses WML (wireless markup language)• Optimized for tiny displays (e.g. cell phones)
– I-mode• Developed in Japan, being introduced in Europe and
NA• Uses compact HTML (easier to integrate than WML)
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Organizational Benefits of Internet & Web
• Provide global connectivity• Reduce communication and transaction
costs– Email, Internet telephony (Voice over IP)– Enhance coordination and collaboration
• Accelerate the distribution of knowledge• Enhance customer relationship and supply
chain management
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E-commerce & e-Business Technologies
• E-commerce server software– Set up storefronts and catalogues– Design electronic shopping carts– Make shipping arrangements– Link to electronic payment systems– Display product availability & tracking– Connect to back-office systems– Report on site statistics and functions
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Customer Tracking & Personalization Tools
• Goals of tracking and personalization tools– Collect and store data on behaviour of online customers
– Analyze data to better understand behaviour
– Identifying customer trends
• Clickstream tracking– Tracking customer activities, storing in a log
• Collaborative filtering– Compare customer tracking data with data from
customers with similar profiles, predict preferences
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Web Management
• Content management tools– Facilitates collection, assembly and
management on a web site
• Web performance monitoring tools– Monitors download times, transaction times,
broken links and bottlenecks
• Web hosting Services