1 1 the future of renewable energy single-well engineered geothermal system™ (swegs™) “gtherm...
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The Future of Renewable Energy
Single-Well Engineered Geothermal System™ (SWEGS™)
“GTherm Green Boiler”for
GTherm Enhanced Oil Recovery
Power Plant Design:Lehr Consulting Int’l, NY
Heat Pipes:Aavid Corp., NH
Turbines/Generators:TAS Energy, TX
EPC:
Security and Control: Tangible Software, VA
Accounting Logistics:IFS, IL
Drilling:Baker Hughes, TX
Drilling:Nabors Industries, Bermuda
Engineeringand
Equipment
Drillingand
Tools
Logisticsand
Controls
2
The GTherm Team
R & DModeling:Dartmouth
Geology:Lehigh University
Optimization:US DOE
Research:EPRI
Tax & Audit:NYC
Legal:NYC
• 12 patents filed
HeatNestTM
GTherm Green Boiler
• 17.5” (0.45m) diameter well drilled to region of hot rock
• Lateral holes drilled out into hot rock
• Heat pipes grouted into lateral holes to harvest heat and bring it to central well
• Heat exchanger transfers heat into closed loop
• Closed loop brings heat to surface
• Heat pumped to heat/production reservoir wells
Thermal Energy
SWEGS
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87.7°C°
87.7°C°
Heat
Heat Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
HeatHea
tH
eatH
eatHeat
Heat
Heat
Cool Water is Pumped In
Hot Water is Pumped Out
Geothermal EnergyReplenishes Itself
How a GTherm HeatNest Works
HeatNestTM
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GTherm HeatNest Appendages
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• Depth of well
• Length of the heat exchanger
• Start of the heat zone
• Number of appendages
• Length of the appendages
• Heat equilibrium determination
• Pump rate (gpm)
GTherm Heat Extraction Design Flexibility
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GTherm SWEGS is a Closed-Loop System
Constant and Continuous Heating•The water coming from the HeatNest to the pump is continuously recycled (i.e. No Waste Water)•No groundwater contamination
•The only thing removed by this system is continuously replenishing geothermal
energy / heat. •The GTherm SWEGS is designed to pull heat from earth at 20% less than the refresh rate•The heat resource is constantly replenished and never consumed
Environmentally Safe•No fossil fuels•No greenhouse gas (GHGs) or other emissions•No chemicals required for extraction•Eliminates aquifer and surface water contamination
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GTherm Green Boiler Applications
Electricity
Enhanced OilRecovery
Data Centers
DesalinationFish FarmingGreenhousesMiningHVACDryingEtc.8
Why it Works• SWEGS is modeled after heat pumps • There are millions of heat pumps installed and operating
worldwideSmall Commercial Heat Pump SWEGS
Heat Pump SWEGSLength (meters ) 23 - 150 1,000 - 5,000
Diameter (inches) 6.0 17.5Length (meters ) 80 - 110 1,000
Diameter (inches) 2 - 3 13.510 / 16 95 / 31512,000 34,000,000
Well
Heat Exchange
Low / High Heat ° CBTU / h
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GTherm is Not Limited to the Ring-of-Fire High-Temperature Areas
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GTherm:
•Enhanced Oil Recovery•Enhanced Oil Storage•Enhanced Oil Transport
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Global Distribution of Conventional Crude Oil and Heavy Hydrocarbons
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GTherm EOR Breakthrough Comparison
Legacy Technology
• Water flooding – Light Crude
• CO2 flooding – Light Crude
• Polymer flooding – Light Crude
• Steam flooding – Heavy Crude
• Fire flooding – Heavy Crude
GTherm EOR
• No fresh water
• No gases or chemicals
• No burning fossil fuels
• No greenhouse gases (GHGs)
• Adverse environmental impact• Use of water • Huge supply & cost of:
• Water• Gas• Chemicals
• Cost of fuel• Permitting problems• Greenhouse gases
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Heating Oil Lowers Viscosity
ViscosityCrude Oils
(centipoise)
Viscous Oil
ExtraHeavy Oil
Heavy Oil
Light Oil
BitumenTar,
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
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Familiar substances
Window putty
Caulk
Vegetable shortening
Peanut butter
Tomato ketchup
Molasses
Honey
Maple syrup
Corn oil
Water
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Crude Oil Composition
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Hydrocarbon Average RangeMelting / Liquification
Point
Paraffi ns 30% 15 to 60%115°F to 155°F 46°C to 68°C
Naphthenes 49% 30 to 60%Aromatics 15% 3 to 30%
Asphaltenes 6% Remainder180°F 82°C
Composition by Weight
The oil mobility is the ratio of the effective permeability to the oil flow to its viscosity. This is given by
Viscosity is denominator
Heating the oil lowers the viscosityand significantly improves flow
Source: Argonne National Laboratory16
Crude Oil Viscosity
High Viscosity
MediumViscosity
LowViscosity
Increased Heat
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Heavy Crude Oil Viscosity/Heat in Known Fields
GTherm Target Temperature
Source: Argonne National Laboratory18
Constant Consistent Heating of the Oil Field Spreads the Heat and Increases Flow
Heat moves through conduction
Heat moves through toroidal convection of water and oil in the permeable zones
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Why GTherm for EOR?
Cost Effective
• Each SWEGS can support multiple applications, heat delivery wells and Hot Water Flooding systems
• No fossil fuel burned
• No chemicals or CO2 used for oil recovery
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GTherm EOR SystemHeat Assisted Gravity Drainage & Hot Water Flooding (Recycling)
SWEGSHeat
Extraction
Heated Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Oil Water / Brine
Separator
Oil
Hot Water Flooding (Recycling) Well
Cool Water/Brine
OilWater/BrineWells
Ground levelHeat Delivery Well
Hot Water / Brine
Heat Exchanger
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Green Boiler
GTherm EOR SystemSWEGS & Closed-Loop Heating System
SWEGSHeat
Extraction
Heated Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Ground levelHeat Delivery Well
Heat Exchanger
Cold Water is pumped into the SWEGS Heat WellThe water is then heated in the SWEGS well and circulates back to the Heat Exchanger and the Heat Delivery Well, Which heats the Reservoir.
The cooled water from the reservoir and heat exchanger is then returned to the SWEGS well where it is reheated and recycled back through the system.
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Green Boiler
Heated Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Oil Water / Brine
Separator
Oil
Hot Water Flooding Well
Cool Water / Brine
OilWater/BrineWells
GTherm EOR SystemHeat Assisted Gravity Drainage + Hot Water Flooding
Ground levelHot Water / Brine
Heat Exchanger
Hot Water / Brineis pumped / drainedinto the reservoir.
The heat from thebrine melts and
mobilizes theheavy crude and recirculates to theproduction wells.
The oil / waterseparator then separates
the oil from the brineand recirculates thebrine back to the heat exchanger.
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SWEGSHeat
Extraction
Heated Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Oil & Water / Brine Reservoir
Oil Water / Brine
Separator
Oil
Hot Water Flooding Well
Cool Water/Brine
OilWater/BrineWells
Ground levelHeat Delivery Well
Hot Water / Brine
Heat Exchanger
The Operating GTherm System Closed-Loop and Hot Water Recycling System
ALL of the Water is RecycledThe only electrical power required is to operate the pumping systemThe potential exists to complete an autonomous / independent system by adding an electrical generation system, which would allow the GTherm system to generate its own electrical power.24
Green Boiler
GTherm EOR Implications
• A depleted oil well still has over 70% of its oil in place.
• The extraction rate of the oil in an operating well is dependent on viscosity.
•The GTherm EOR method can be applied to depleted wells or to currently operating wells.
•With GTherm EOR a discovered oil field can now be booked on the balance sheet at 80+% of the oil in place (more than doubling the assets on the balance sheet).
•For depleted oil wells an asset of 55+% of the oil in place can be booked as an asset on the balance sheet.
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GTherm Heat Delivery/Production Well
GTherm Heat Delivery/ Production Well
From GTherm SWEGS Heat Extraction Well
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GTherm Heat Delivery/Production Well with Existing Production Well
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GTherm Reservoir - Design Implications
• Design to hit the high points of the pay zone with target heat delivery
• Design to adjust to the dips in the oil bearing zones
• Design the heat injection to focus on the oil flow to collection points
• Strategically place the heat delivery wells to maximize the performance of the existing wells
• For new implementations integrate the heat delivery wells with the production wells
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GTherm EOR vs. Legacy EOR Costs
GTherm cost per barrel including carbon pricing
Source: World Petroleum Council: Official Publication 201029
Ex: Alberta Oil Sands–challenges of using large volumes of water and creating GHG
1. Oil sands mining is licensed to use twice the amount of fresh water that the entire city of Calgary uses in a year. The water requirements for oil sands projects range from 2.5 to 4.0 barrels of water for each barrel of oil produced.
2. At least 90% of the fresh water used in the oil sands ends up in tailing lakes so toxic that propane cannons and floating scarecrows are used to keep migrating ducks landed on a tar sands toxic lake and dying. The toxic lakes in Northern Alberta span 50 square kilometers and can be seen from space
3. Processing the oil sands uses enough natural gas in a day to heat 3 million homes in Canada..
4. Producing a barrel of oil from the oil sands produces three times more greenhouse gas emissions than a barrel of conventional oil.
5. The oil sands operations are the fastest growing source of heat-trapping greenhouse gas in Canada. By 2020 the oil sands will release twice the amount produced currently by all the cars and trucks in Canada.
6. By 2015, the Alberta Oil Sands are expected to emit more GHG than the nation of Denmark (pop. 5.4 million).
GTherm EOR: No water, No greenhouse gases, No fossil fuels
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GTherm EOR Example – Depleted Wells
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Barrels Extracted
Barrels in Place
% with EOR Extractable
Barrels Extractable
Price per Barrel
Oil Value (000)
1,000,000 3,000,000 65% 1,950,000 $75.00 $146,250 2,000,000 6,000,000 65% 3,900,000 $75.00 $292,500 3,000,000 9,000,000 65% 5,850,000 $75.00 $438,750 4,000,000 12,000,000 65% 7,800,000 $75.00 $585,000 5,000,000 15,000,000 65% 9,750,000 $75.00 $731,250
10,000,000 30,000,000 65% 19,500,000 $75.00 $1,462,500 15,000,000 45,000,000 65% 29,250,000 $75.00 $2,193,750 20,000,000 60,000,000 65% 39,000,000 $75.00 $2,925,000 25,000,000 75,000,000 65% 48,750,000 $75.00 $3,656,250 30,000,000 90,000,000 65% 58,500,000 $75.00 $4,387,500 35,000,000 105,000,000 65% 68,250,000 $75.00 $5,118,750 40,000,000 120,000,000 65% 78,000,000 $75.00 $5,850,000 50,000,000 150,000,000 65% 97,500,000 $75.00 $7,312,500 75,000,000 225,000,000 65% 146,250,000 $75.00 $10,968,750
100,000,000 300,000,000 65% 195,000,000 $75.00 $14,625,000
GTherm Enhanced Oil StorageSludge in Storage Tanks and Sludge Pools
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Crude OIL Storage Tank or Storage Pools
SWEGS – Changes the Viscosity of Sludge in Storage Tanks & Sludge Pools to Flowing Crude
Hot WaterCooler Water
SWEGSHot Water
Cooler Water
Pumps
OIL
Sludge
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SWEGS – Changes the Viscosity of Sludge in Storage Tanks & Sludge Pools to Flowing Crude
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GTherm Enhanced Oil Transport
• To pump oil through a pipe line the oil need to have a low viscosity
• As heavy crude travels through a pipe over distance it cools and viscosity increases decreasing pumping performance
• To reduce viscosity companies are either:– heating the pipes by burning fossil fuel– mixing the heavy crude with lighter crude– adding solvents to the heavy crude
• GTherm uses strategically placed SWEGS to heat the pipeline and reduce the viscosity of the oil thereby increasing the efficiency to the pipe line.
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GTherm Enhanced Oil Transport Design
Colder OilWarmer Oil
SWEGS
Heating Exchanger
Cooler WaterHot Water
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GTherm Enhanced Oil Transport DesignObjective: To Keep the Oil at Low Viscosity
Miles Miles Miles
GTherm SWEGS Heating Stations
Oil Pipeline
Energy-Food- Water Nexus“The biggest obstacle to sustainable long-term socio-economic growth” E&Y
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GTherm Structure
Shared Services
GTherm International
(US)
Legal & Finance
SWEGS Engineering
Components
GTherm, Inc.Holdings
(US)
Business Development
SWEGS Drilling
R&D IT/NOC
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The Future of: Enhanced Oil RecoveryEnhanced Oil Storage
Enhanced Oil Transport
Thank You
For More information please contactMark Henderson
Axess1 group, LLC dba A1 Green Energies678-653-5554
mark@axess1.com
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