01 thinking critically. who are you? how old are you? a. under 20 b. 20’s c. 30’s d. 40’s e....
Post on 29-Dec-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
What topics do you need help with?
• A. Theory• B. Hypothesis• C. Correlation – Positive, Negative, Zero• D. Illusory correlation• E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
• A. Correlation & causation• B. Random sampling & random assignment • C. Case study, naturalistic observation• D. Placebo effect• E. I understand
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest
relationship between variables?
A. positive .05
B. negative .25
C. positive .75
D. negative .95
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest
relationship between variables?
A. positive .05
B. negative .25
C. positive .75
D. negative .95
After watching their favorite team lose a game, Emma and her friends commented to each other about how they had always
known the loss was inevitable. Psychologists call this:
A. overconfidence.
B. the false consensus effect.
C. the hindsight bias.
D. an illusory correlation.
After watching their favorite team lose a game, Emma and her friends commented to each other about how they had always
known the loss was inevitable. Psychologists call this:
A. overconfidence.
B. the false consensus effect.
C. the hindsight bias.
D. an illusory correlation.
Dr. Anderson conducts an experiment to see whether exposure to helpful models leads to
helping behavior in young children. Of the forty girls and boys in his study, half are exposed to
helpful models while the other half watch the same models not engaged in helping behavior. In this
experiment, the dependent variable is:
A. the gender of the children.B. helpful or non-helpful models.C. the age of the children.D. helping behavior.
Dr. Anderson conducts an experiment to see whether exposure to helpful models leads to
helping behavior in young children. Of the forty girls and boys in his study, half are exposed to
helpful models while the other half watch the same models not engaged in helping behavior. In this
experiment, the dependent variable is:
A. the gender of the children.B. helpful or non-helpful models.C. the age of the children.D. helping behavior.
Which of the following is the best way to generate a random sample of students
for a research study?A. mail out a questionnaire that students could
voluntarily complete and returnB. stand by the door of the library and ask
people who pass by to answer your questionsC. offer extra credit for students in a particular
classroom who choose to participateD. use a table of random numbers to pick
participants from a student listing
Which of the following is the best way to generate a random sample of students
for a research study?A. mail out a questionnaire that students could
voluntarily complete and returnB. stand by the door of the library and ask
people who pass by to answer your questionsC. offer extra credit for students in a particular
classroom who choose to participateD. use a table of random numbers to pick
participants from a student listing
A significant disadvantage of the correlational approach is that it:
A. does not provide evidence of cause and effect.
B. cannot be used to examine relationships between variables that exist naturally.
C. does not aid in the process of prediction.
D. does not provide information about how two variables are related.
A significant disadvantage of the correlational approach is that it:
A. does not provide evidence of cause and effect.
B. cannot be used to examine relationships between variables that exist naturally.
C. does not aid in the process of prediction.
D. does not provide information about how two variables are related.
Which provides a baseline measure of behavior for
comparing whether or not the independent variable
had an effect on the dependent variable?
1. An experimental group
2. A control group
3. A random sample
4. A randomly assigned group
5. A double-blind researcher
Which provides a baseline measure of behavior for
comparing whether or not the independent variable
had an effect on the dependent variable?
1. An experimental group
2. A control group
3. A random sample
4. A randomly assigned group
5. A double-blind researcher
• Use this series of two slides to discuss claims made by vitamin and supplement companies. Make sure to include a discussion of confounding variables (what exactly made them lose the weight? Was it the healthy meals, or exercise, or the pill?). Students should use this knowledge to evaluate claims that they see in magazines or on the internet. Clearly, we would need a control group with did the same eating and exercise routine WITHOUT the pills.
• Also, are they swayed by celebrity endorsements, which are anecdotal evidence (if they are in fact true)?
Consider this advertisement:Introducing
Super-weight-loss Supplement BeVit-Chi!
With natural weight loss enhancers!
Research shows that people who took two pills daily with healthy meals, and exercised at least three times a week lost weight. You too will see
the POUNDS MELT OFF!
BeVit-Chi!
A Super-weight-loss
Supplement
NOTE: Celebrities use this to help maintain their weight. So should YOU!
Consider this advertisement:
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
Research shows that people who took two pills daily with healthy meals, and exercised at least three times a week lost weight. You too will see
the POUNDS MELT OFF!
BeVit-Chi!
A Super-weight-loss
Supplement
If this research is valid, we can conclude that this supplement helps people to lose weight.
A. True
B. False
Which is correct?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
More crimes are committed during a full moon.
A. True
B. False
Which is correct?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
More crimes are committed during a full moon.
A. True
B. False
Which is correct?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
There is more activity in emergency rooms and mental hospitals during the full moon.
A. True
B. False
Which is correct?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
There is more activity in emergency rooms and mental hospitals during the full moon.
A. True
B. False
• This demo includes two thought-provoking questions about the illusory correlation (and answers according to research). Superstitions can be maintained by illusory correlation (the idea that two variables are related, when they really are not). We tend to notice when we have had a bizarre day, and there is a full moon, but never notice that we had a bizarre day, and there is a quarter moon.
• Related ideas are confirmation bias (looking for information that supports our beliefs), and belief perseverance (ignoring evidence against our beliefs).
• Thought Question: Placebo effect
• Surgeries are sometimes performed where subjects are randomly assigned to receive the treatment (the surgery) or the placebo (anesthesia, cuts or scope holes, sewn back up). Then researchers follow up on pain relief or relief of other symptoms. Should we use placebo surgeries? Are there other options besides placebo surgery? Are there some medical issues where this is unnecessary?
What do you think?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
Researchers should perform placebo surgeries in order to determine if some surgeries are effective.
A. True
B. False
Imagine you have been asked to create an experimental design to test the hypothesis that talking on a cell phone impairs driving
skills. Explain why a control condition would be important to include in testing this hypothesis. How should subjects be
assigned to conditions? How can the researchers design the experiment so that the only difference between both conditions
is the use of a cell phone?
• What is the control condition?• Control condition important because?• How should subjects be assigned to
conditions? Why?• Design so cell phone use is the only
difference?
Design a double blind study to determine if listening to a recording while you sleep will help you learn.
top related