the author what is feminism? defining gender feminist theories myth of protection feminist...

Gender in world

politicsBy Ann Tickner

Virginia de la Fuente

Contents

The Author What is feminism? Defining gender Feminist Theories Myth of protection Feminist definitions of security Gender in global economy Undervaluing women Using knowledge to inform policy practice

The Author

Ann Tickner Feminist IR theorist. Professor of International Relations at

the University of Southern California. Scholar at the School of International

Services, American University, Washington DC.

She critiqued mainstream international relations theorists for the omission of gender from their theory and practice. 

What is feminism?"Feminism is the radical notion that

women are people“By Marie Shear, 1986

Academic discipline which looks for defining, establishing and achieving equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women.

Waves of feminismEnd XIX- Early XX

Early 1990s

Rights for women’ suffrage

Sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive

rights, discrimination, and official legal inequalities

Abolishing gender roles expectations and stereotypes

Early 1960s

12

3

Defining gender

Both women and men assign more positive value to masculine characteristics.

Being a “real men” to succeed in global politics.

Theories of Feminism I

Liberal Feminism1) Women’s subordination2) Removing legal obstacles=Women’s

equality3) Woman in institutions and practices of

global politics how their work affects or is affected by international policy-making.

Critics gender inequalities continue in societies with legal equality.

Theories of feminism II

Feminist critical theory1. Roots in Gramscian Marxism.2. Explores manifestation of gendered

identities and gendered power in gender politics.

3. Sandra Whitworth Feminism and International Relations. Different ways gender has been understood over time in IPPF and ILO.

Theories of feminism III

Feminist social constructivism1. Ideas about gender can influence

global politics.2. Global politics shapes ideas about

gender.3. Elizabeth Prügl The Global

Construction of Gender. Treatment of home-based work in international law.

Theories of feminism IV

Feminism poststructuralism1. Knowledge and power. It has been

based on men’s lives.2. Charlotte Hooper Manly States.

Textual analysis of The Economist, saturated with masculinity and gendered messages.

Theories of feminism V Post-colonial

feminism1. Western feminism is

based on privileged Western women.

2. Chandra Mohanty Women’s subordination must be addressed within their own cultural context.

Myth of protection

Men = protectorsWomen&children = need protection

Raping and prostitution as military strategy.

Bosnia-Serbia war. US military bases in South Korea

Military prostitution.

Feminist definitions of security

Security means the diminution of all forms of violence, physical, economic or ecological.

Think about security from the bottom up instead of from the top down.

Individual>State

Gender in the global politics I Gendered division of labor Unequal structures in the global economy.

Woman = housewifeMan=breadwinner

Consequences:1. Women are disproportionately

represented in caring professions.2. Low wages and double burden

Gender in global politics II

Women in US

Gender in global politics IIIComparing wages between Journalist Men and Women

Gender in global politics IV

Best countries for women to work (more equality)

Undervaluing women I

Undervaluing woman II

Using knowledge to inform policy practice

Women efforts are giving fruits:

1. NGOs and social movements.

2. UN Decade for Women (1976-85)

3. Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) Southern women.

Questions1)Which part of the

world is more needed of Feminism influence?

2)Do you have any stereotype about how a woman must be?

3) What do we need to change first in order to have an equal society?