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Gender in world politics By Ann Tickner Virginia de la Fuente

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Page 1: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Gender in world

politicsBy Ann Tickner

Virginia de la Fuente

Page 2: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Contents

The Author What is feminism? Defining gender Feminist Theories Myth of protection Feminist definitions of security Gender in global economy Undervaluing women Using knowledge to inform policy practice

Page 3: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

The Author

Ann Tickner Feminist IR theorist. Professor of International Relations at

the University of Southern California. Scholar at the School of International

Services, American University, Washington DC.

She critiqued mainstream international relations theorists for the omission of gender from their theory and practice. 

Page 4: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

What is feminism?"Feminism is the radical notion that

women are people“By Marie Shear, 1986

Academic discipline which looks for defining, establishing and achieving equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women.

Page 5: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Waves of feminismEnd XIX- Early XX

Early 1990s

Rights for women’ suffrage

Sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive

rights, discrimination, and official legal inequalities

Abolishing gender roles expectations and stereotypes

Early 1960s

12

3

Page 6: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Defining gender

Both women and men assign more positive value to masculine characteristics.

Being a “real men” to succeed in global politics.

Page 7: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Theories of Feminism I

Liberal Feminism1) Women’s subordination2) Removing legal obstacles=Women’s

equality3) Woman in institutions and practices of

global politics how their work affects or is affected by international policy-making.

Critics gender inequalities continue in societies with legal equality.

Page 8: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Theories of feminism II

Feminist critical theory1. Roots in Gramscian Marxism.2. Explores manifestation of gendered

identities and gendered power in gender politics.

3. Sandra Whitworth Feminism and International Relations. Different ways gender has been understood over time in IPPF and ILO.

Page 9: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Theories of feminism III

Feminist social constructivism1. Ideas about gender can influence

global politics.2. Global politics shapes ideas about

gender.3. Elizabeth Prügl The Global

Construction of Gender. Treatment of home-based work in international law.

Page 10: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Theories of feminism IV

Feminism poststructuralism1. Knowledge and power. It has been

based on men’s lives.2. Charlotte Hooper Manly States.

Textual analysis of The Economist, saturated with masculinity and gendered messages.

Page 11: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Theories of feminism V Post-colonial

feminism1. Western feminism is

based on privileged Western women.

2. Chandra Mohanty Women’s subordination must be addressed within their own cultural context.

Page 12: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Myth of protection

Men = protectorsWomen&children = need protection

Raping and prostitution as military strategy.

Bosnia-Serbia war. US military bases in South Korea

Military prostitution.

Page 13: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Feminist definitions of security

Security means the diminution of all forms of violence, physical, economic or ecological.

Think about security from the bottom up instead of from the top down.

Individual>State

Page 14: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Gender in the global politics I Gendered division of labor Unequal structures in the global economy.

Woman = housewifeMan=breadwinner

Consequences:1. Women are disproportionately

represented in caring professions.2. Low wages and double burden

Page 15: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Gender in global politics II

Women in US

Page 16: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Gender in global politics IIIComparing wages between Journalist Men and Women

Page 17: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Gender in global politics IV

Best countries for women to work (more equality)

Page 18: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Undervaluing women I

Page 19: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Undervaluing woman II

Page 20: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Using knowledge to inform policy practice

Women efforts are giving fruits:

1. NGOs and social movements.

2. UN Decade for Women (1976-85)

3. Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) Southern women.

Page 21: The Author  What is feminism?  Defining gender  Feminist Theories  Myth of protection  Feminist definitions of security  Gender in global economy

Questions1)Which part of the

world is more needed of Feminism influence?

2)Do you have any stereotype about how a woman must be?

3) What do we need to change first in order to have an equal society?