goals: decrease number of search results increase number of relevant results method: use any of...
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Goals:Decrease number of search results Increase number of relevant results
Method:Use any of several search tips and commandsSearch engines vary in terms of the commands
they support
Use several search terms, not one ‘Easter bunny origin’ not ‘Easter’ or ‘Easter
bunny’ Be specific
‘dog training,’ not ‘animal training’ Use synonyms to get more results
‘losing,’ ‘lose,’ ‘reduce,’ ‘reduction’ Use lower case, unless case is important
(e.g., NeXT Software)
“Search engine math”Basic tips to improve your search
Field searchingSearch for terms within specific parts of the
document (e.g., title) Boolean and other advanced commands
(e.g., AND, OR) Search assistance and display features
Features of the engines, themselves
Include term (+)To ensure word is included in searche.g., +camping +Arkansas
Exclude term (-)find pages that have one word on them, but not
another worde.g., +apples -computer
Phrase (“_”)e.g., “social psychology”
Match any termAutomatic at most (see handout)
Match all termsUse + or menu; automatic at some
Truncation/Wildcard (*)To find all forms of a wordarchaeolog* (-y, -ical, -ist)Stemming: finds all forms based on the
stem automatically
Title search -- to search for words w/in titles of web pagese.g., +title:elephant +species
Site search -- to search w/in documents on a specific sitee.g., domain:memphis.edu psychology
URL search -- to search within the text of URLse.g., url:memphis.edu
Link search -- to search for pages that link to a particular page or domaine.g., link:psyc.memphis.edu/students/../
Limit by languageSearch for documents in a particular
language Limit by date pages were created or
modified
AND returns pages containing all search terms joined by AND e.g., Mars AND planet AND life
OR returns pages containing any or all search terms joined by OR e.g., “bed and breakfast” or inn
NOT returns pages containing the first but not the second terme.g., clinton NOT lewinsky
NEAR returns pages containing keywords near each other on the pagee.g., psychology NEAR history(distance can be specified in LY & WC)
Nesting Boolean commands provides for complex queriese.g., psychology AND (social OR
cognitive) . . . If no parentheses . . .(psychology AND social) OR cognitive
Examples: (cat* OR feline*) AND “endangered species”+title:psychology +dream* -Freud*“star trek” -voyager -“deep space nine”
-“next generation” Works only if search engine supports
each command, obviously
Related SearchesSearch engine provides related searches
after a search is complete Find Similar
Provides ability to find other pages that seem similar to those you like
Search WithinDo a second search within results already
generated
Ability to sort results by date (created or modified), with most recent documents listed first
Some search engines display the date page was created or modified
* Note: dates can be unreliable (gotten from server)
Ability to increase the number of results that are displayed
For academic searches, it is best to NOT use sites such as Wikipedia. A wiki is a type of webpage that can be
edited by anyone, making the information unreliable
It is best to use .edu, .gov, or .org domains
Advanced Google searchFile typeSearch within a specific domain
Google Scholar
“The Google Game” Retrieved from:webpages.maine207.org/south/departments/lrc/google_game.doc
“Effective Web Search.” Retrieved from: www.psyc.memphis.edu/faculty/Kreuz/CAT/search.ppt
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