ammonia ref cycle

8/3/2019 Ammonia Ref Cycle

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AMMONIA ABSORPTION

REFRIGERATION PLANTS (AARP)

TRANSPARENT ENERGY SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITEDE-mail : [email protected] , Website :www.tesplaarp.com.

Steam / Heat Driven

With Knowhow from world leaders Mattes

AG., Germany.

Wide refrigeration temperatures from + 5oC to

55oC.

Accepts Heat source of 85oC.

No moving parts, except a robust centrifugal

pump.

High availability reliability, low maintenance.

Fully automatic. No running attention

required.

Outdoor / rooftop installation possible.

Long life even beyond 40 years.

Best efficiency up to 30% of rated capacity.

Oil-free refrigerant, no fouling problems.Ecofriendly, Complies montreal protocol

sustainable development initiatives.


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Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration process was invented in 1850 by Ferdinand

P.E. Carre.

Transparent Energy offers Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants with

technology evolved and perfected over 80 years from world leaders Mattes AG.,

Germany.

AARP ideally fit into the concept of Integrated Energy Systems such as

Cogeneration involving Combined generation, Heat refrigeration & Power (CHRP

Plants) on various fuels like Biomass, Coal, Natural Gas, Heavy Oil etc.

AARP is the first choice of refrigeration on low cost steam / heat produced from

fuels like biomass / coal / heavy fuel oil / natural gas or renewable sources like solar,

geothermal etc.

AARP is excellent energy conservation system to convert waste heat into useful

refrigeration.

AARP earns Carbon Credits, reduces CO2 emission tax and promotes

sustainable development initiatives through energy conservation.

AARP uses Ammonia which is known to be one of best ecofriendly refrigerants.

AARP replaces hazardous ozone depleting CFC Refrigerants.

AARP has wide operating range of +5oC to 55oC.

AARP has extreme reliability and very low maintenance because it has no moving

parts except a dependable centrifugal pump.

AARP has long life of atleast 25 years. Many plants are in operation for more than 40

years.

Air cooled AARPs are offered in following two types.

Type 1 Using Air cooled remote radiators for heat rejection. The heat from cooling

water is rejected in Air cooled fan assisted heat exchangers. The condenser and

absorber of AARP is water cooled.

Type 2 Ammonia condenser is direct Air Cooled and Absorber is cooled by air

cooled remote radiator as in type 1.

Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants the ideal

refrigeration system for new millenium.

Air Cooled Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration

Plants a boon for Industries having water scarcity.

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Typical Industrial Applications

Freeze Drying

Food Refrigeration

Cold Storages

Dairies

Ice Making Plants / Ice Storage.

Ice Cream Plants

Meat Processing

Fish Processing Industries.

Blast FreezingSolvent Recovery

Food & Pharmaceuticals

Refineries

Fertilizer Plants

Bulk Drug Plants

Pesticide PlantsAmmonia Recovery from Liquor Ammonia

from Chemical Processes.

Solvent Recovery

Vapor Ammonia Recovery Chemical

Processes

Chemical & Process Industries

Cogeneration Systems & Power Plants

Waste heat utilization from Reciprocating

Engine Jacket Water & Exhaust Gas

Heat utilization from Gas Turbine exhaust

LP steam from steam turbine exhaust

Gas Turbine inlet air cooling

Heat from solar, geothermal sources.

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Exclusive Features

Heat Exchangers as per AD Merck Blatter.

Factory fabricated assembled & modular in

construction. Therefore site work is minimal.

Operating settings can be changed without

change of Hardware Components.

A) Design & Material of Construction :

B) Safety & Reliability :

Reliable control instruments for proper

monitoring of various parameters and

interlocks.

Systems is controlled through full proof(fool proof?) PLC based control.

D) Capacity & Operating Control of

Parameters for Fluctuating Loads& Other Parameters :

System can modulate without loss of

efficiency over 30 to 100% capacity.

Systems can work automatically even on 0

to 100% load variation.

System restarts quickly on supply of electric

power even after interruption of 20 to 30

minutes and power failure for 20 minutes.

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5/11

Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Standard Models

ModelLowest Refrigeration Temp

(Ammonia Evaporation Temp)

Highest Capacities Refrigeration

(TR)

AK 5 -30 3AK 10 -30 7

AK 25 -30 15

AK 50 -30 25

AK 70 -30 40

AK 100 -55 50

AK 150 -55 75

AK 200 -55 100

AK 250 -55 125

AK 300 -55 150

AK 400 -55 200

AK 500 -55 250

AK 600 -55 300

AK 750 -55 375

AK 900 -55 450

AK 1200 -55 600

AK 1600 -55 800

AK 2000 -55 1000

Note :

Refrigeration Capacities & other parameters operation mentioned in above table are indicative only.

Exact values depend on various parameters like Heat source temp, Cooling water temp.

Refrigeration temp. etc. exact technical specification are application specific and are offered on case

to case basis.

Refrigeration capacities higher than AK 2000 are met with multiple standard models installed in

parallel or with custom designed plants.

Typical Heat Sources for

Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants.

Steam

Hot water

Superheated water

Hot oil

Direct heating

Engine / Gas Turbine / Furnace Exhaust

Low pressure steam from steam turbine exhaust or similar

sourceWaste heat sources from Industrial processes

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Liquid ammonia evaporates in the

evaporator (HE1) to give the

refrigeration effect.

Ammonia vapours from evaporator are

used for sub-cooling (HE2) the liquidammonia supplied to evaporator. This

improves energy efficiency of the plant.

Ammonia vapours are absorbed in

absorber (HE3). The heat of absorption

is removed by cooling water.

The strong ammonia solution is pumped

to desorber (HE4).

Heat is supplied in the desorber to boil

off the ammonia from strong solution.

These vapours also contain some watervapours due to affinity between ammonia

and water.

The ammonia vapours are rectified

(purified) in the rectifying column (HE5)

and generate pure ammonia vapours.

These vapours are condensed (HE6)

and liquid ammonia is stored in the

receiver (V).

The receiver supplies liquid ammonia to

evaporatorWeak ammonia solution in the desorber

is sent to absorber for absorption.

A solution heat exchanger (HE7) is

provided to cool the weak solution

before entering the absorber and

preheat the strong solution before

entering the desorber. This greatly

improves of energy efficiency of the

plant.

The traces of water in the evaporatorare bleed from evaporator to absorber

through Bleed Heat Exchanger (HE8).

Bleed Heat Exchanger further subcools

liquid ammonia and improves

efficiency.

Typical Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant

with single stage Absorption & single stage Desorption.

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Steam / Heat

Supply

WEAK SOLUTION

AMMONIA VAPOUR

COOLING WATER

BRINE

STEAM

CONDENSATE

RICH SOLUTION

LIQUID AMMONIA

Ammonia

Desorber

RectificationColumn

Ammonia

Condenser

Liquid

Ammonia

Receiver

Sub-cooler

Ammonia Evaporator/

Brine chillerAmmonia

Absorber

Solution heat

exchanger

Solution

Pump LiquidAmmonia bleed

Liquid

Ammonia

Reflux

HE5

HE4 Poor / Weak

Solution

Strong Solution

HE3

HE7

Cooling

Water

HE8

HE2

Liquid Ammonia

( V )

Vapor

AmmoniaCooling

Water

Bleed HeatExchanger

HE1

Brine

Vapor Ammonia

HE6


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Single stage Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants are used for refrigeration

temperatures ranging from +5 to 55 Deg.C, heat source temperature requirement varies

from 95 Deg.C to 180 Deg.C.

These plants are used when

two different refrigeration

temperatures have to be

achieved from the same plant

and capacity requirements for

both the stages is large and

comparable to each other.

The absorption of refrigerant

vapours at different temperatures

is done by the same stream of

solution in successive manner.

This reduces the solution

circulation losses. The

requirement of heat source

temperature is comparable with

singe stage plants. These plants

have improved COP and power

consumption compared to two

separate single stage plants.

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AARP with single stage Absorption & single Stage

Desorption.

AARP having two stages of Absorption.

Qo REFRIGERATION CAPACITY

Qh REQUIRED HEAT SUPPLY

th HEAT, TEMPERATURE (SATUR, STEAM)

tw COOLING WATER SUPPLY TEMPERATURE

th = 140oC

284oF

th = 120oC

248oF

th = 100oC

212oF

th = 80oC

76oF

th = 200oC

392oF

th = 180oC

356oF

th = 160oC

320oF

0.70Qo/Qh

(COP)

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10-60oC

-76oF

-50oC

-58oF

-40oC

-40oF

-30oC

-22oF

-20oC

-4oF

-10oC

14oF

00C

32oF

AMMONIA

ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

HEAT RATIO (COP) Qo/Qh = f(to)tw

=35oC

(95oF)tw

=25oC(

77oF)

tw=1

5oC(59

oF)

Evaporation Temperature to

Rectifying

Column

CondenserCooling

Water

Receiver

Heat

Source

Desorber

HeatExchanger

Cooling

Water

Absorber 1

Absorber 2

CoolingWater

PumpNH3 Bleed

Evaporator 1

Evaporator 2

Subcooler

POOR SOLUTION

RICH SOLUTION

AMMONIA VAPOUR

AMMONIA LIQUID

COOLING WATER

AMMONIA REFLUX

STEAM

CONDENSATE

Bleed Heat

Exchanger


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The desorption of refrigerant vapours is done at two places, with an intermediate absorption

stage.Due to desorption at two places.

These plants are used formeeting low temperature

refrigeration requirements

using heat source relatively

at lower temperature

compared to single stage

plant. Typically for

refrigeration temperature

range of 5 to 55 Deg.C.

AARP Two Stage Plants having Two Desorption Stages

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Rectifying

Column CondenserCoolingWater

Receiver

Heat

Source

Desorber 1

Heat

Exchanger

Cooling

Water

Cooling

Water

Pump

NH3 Bleed

Evaporator

Subcooler

POOR SOLUTIONRICH SOLUTION

AMMONIA VAPOURAMMONIA LIQUIDCOOLING WATERAMMONIA REFLUXSTEAMCONDENSATE

Desorber 2

Absorber

Heat Exchanger

Heat

Source

Bleed Heat

Exchanger

AARP working on waste heat from Reciprocating Engine Jacket

water & exhaust heat recovery Boiler

Steam / Heat

To

Process Plant

Hot Water driven

Ammonia Absorption

Refrigeration Plant

Reciprocating

Engine

Genset

Heavy Fuel Oil / Natural

Gas /

Diesel fuel

Exhaust Heat

Recovery

Steam Boiler or

Hot Water Generator

Ice Bank

Tank

Process

Chilled Water

Exhaust Gas to stack

Exhaust Gas from Engine

Electrical

Power for

ProcessJacket Hot Water

Elect.

Power

Refrigeration

To Process

Refrigeration

Steam / Heat driven

Ammonia Absorption

Refrigeration Plant

Steam / Heat

The exhaust heat from the engine is used for generating steam for process requirement or to drive

AARP. The heat from engine jacket hot water is used for driving an Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration

Plant with or without Ice Bank Tank.


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Stand-alone AARPs Using heat / steam from agrofuel / coal

fired Boilers / Heaters.

Cooling Tower

Agrofuel Fired

Hot Water

Generator

STEAM / HEAT

AMMONIA ABSORPTION

REFRIGERATION

PLANT

ICE Plant

LiquidAmmonia

Vapour

Ammonia

Condensate

Steam / Heat

Coldstorages operated by AARP driven on Coal / Agrofuel

Fired Boilers / Hot Water Generator

Conventionally cold storages are driven by Compression Cycle Refrigeration Plants. The risingelectricity cost and poor availability of electricity has adversely affected the viability of cold

storages. The cold storages for vegetables, agro-products, fish and meat products are generally

located in remote and agriculturally rich area. The cost of electricity dominates the running cost of

cold storage.

Advantages of Cold Storages driven by AARP.

Diesel / Kerosene

Fired D.G.Set for

Auxillary Power

Cooling Tower

Ammonia Absorption

Refrigeration PlantHot Water Generator

Fuel : Bagasse,

Rice Husk

Coal

Standby D.G.

Set

Hot Water Supply

To AARP Liquid Ammonia For

Refrigeration

Vapor

Ammonia

Hot

WaterReturn

Cold StorageExhaust Heat

Recovery System

50000 kcal

The total electricity requirement reduces substantially. A small DG set is adequate for

auxiliary power needs of cold storage.

The bio-mass and other agro-fuels available locally can be used to drive AARP. The

operating cost and maintenance cost of the cold storage is therefore very low.

The cold storage can store a wide range of products at different temp. due to versatile

AARP.

Any other simultaneous refrigeration load such as Ice Plant or Milk Chilling can be met

with the same plant.

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10/11

Pasteurization of milk involves heating and

chilling of milk in predetermined cycle. Also

there are other chilling loads such as milk

cold storage. There are additional heating

loads such as ghee or butter boiling,

milkcan washing etc.

Conventionally in a small scale dairy

industry (typically 50000 lit/day milk

handling capacity), the heating of milk is

done by an oil/gas fired hot water generator

or steam boiler and chilling is done by a

electrically driven compression cycle

refrigeration plant coupled to an Ice Bank

Tank. The rising cost of fuel oil as well as

electric power has increased the cost ofmilk processing substantially, adversely

affecting the viability of small scale dairy

plants.

A bio-mass/ Coal fired steam boiler /

Hot water generator combined with use of

AARP for Pasteurization of Milk with Combined Heating

and Cooling on Agro Fuel Fired Boilers

AARP for refrigeration substantially reduces the cost of milk processing. Modern pollution control

equipments such as cyclone separators and or bag filters are provided for clean and smoke-less

exhaust from Boiler.

Waste Heat Utilization by AARP for Ice Production / Cold

Storage / Brine Chilling

There are many unutilized Industrial

waste heat sources like Incinerator or

Furnace hot gases, process waste heat

etc.

Also many industries such as steel mills,

textile spinning mills, generate waste

heat.

Heat is rejected from captive power

plants to atmosphere both through

exhaust gas & jacket cooling water.

A Heat Recovery Steam Boiler or Hot

Xxxxxxxx 9 Page

Agro Fuel Fired /

Steam Boiler / Hot

Water Generator

Heat

Exchanger

Ghee Boiler

Steam / Heat driven

Ammonia Absorption

Refrigeration Plant

Ice Bank

Tank

Pasteuriser

Chilled Water

NH3 Vapour

Chilled

Water

NH3

Liquid

Hot Water

Supply

Coal /

Agro Fuel /Biomass Fuel

Hot Water

Return

Hot Water

Supply

ICE

Production

Exhaust Waste Heat from

Incinerator / Furnace / Process

Waste Heat

Recovery Steam Boiler /

Hot Water Generator

Exhaust Gas Out

Steam / Heat driven

Ammonia Absorption

Refrigeration Plant

Steam / Heat

Cold StorageBrine

Chilling

Water Generator can be installed to recover such waste heats from these exhaust gases. The steam /

heat output from the exhaust heat recovery Boilers is then used for driving an Ammonia Absorption

Refrigeration Plant for producing block ice. This ice can be sold as a by-product to bulk as well as

retail consumers in the local area such as dairies, fisheries etc. Alternatively, Brine Chilling as a cold

storage of suitable capacity can be operated using the exhaust heat.


11/11

Transparent Group of CompaniesTransparent group companies, are technology leaders working in the field of Co-generation Systems, Ammonia Absorption

Refrigeration Plants (AARP), Energy Conservation Contracts, Water Recycling Plants. Superefficient Boilers, Heat Recovery

Systems, Pollution control, Drying Plants etc.

Business groups, Products & SystemsTransparent Energy Systems Private Limited

Our company was incorporated on 16 th April, 1986 with the name of Vapor Energy Machines Private Limited. The first commercial production was

started in January, 1988. The name of the company was changed from Vapor Energy Machines Private Limited to Transparent Energy SystemsPrivate Limited on 18th December, 1995.

1. Co-generation Systems - www.tesplcogen.com

Cogeneration Systems involving combined generation of

- Power - Heat - Refrigeration / Chilling - Water Recycling / Desalination by multistage evaporation.

Fuels and energy sources for Cogeneration.

- Natural Gas - Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) - Coal - Process Waste Heat

- Biogas - HSD / Kerosene / LDO - Biomass

Types of Cogeneration Systems

- Steam Engine / Turbine Based Co-generation - Reciprocating Engine Generator Based Co-generation - Gas Turbine Based Co-generation

Type of Industries

- Dairies - Paper Mills - Textile Industries - Software Parks - Chemicals & Process Industries

- Hotels - Ceramic Industries - Commercial Complexes - Sugar Industries - Residential Complexes

- Food Industries - Cement - Steel - Five Star Industrial Estate

2. Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants- www.tesplaarp.com

- Refrigerant Evaporators - Refrigerant Circulation Systems - Air Handling Units - Accessories

- Flash Vessels - Ammonia Vaporizers - Turnkey Refrigeration Contracts.

3. Heat Recovery Systems www.heatrecovery-system.com

Waste Heat Recovery Boilers - Finned Tube - Water Tube - Smoke Tube

Waste Heat Recovery Thermic Fluid Heaters

Heat Recovery & Efficiency improvement Retrofits

- Combustion Air Preheater - Economisers ( Smoke tube / water tube / finned tube type) - Condensate Recovery Systems

- Blow Down Heat Recovery Systems - Flash Steam Recovery Systems

4. Boilers & Heaters www.tespl.com- 96% Superefficient Oil / Gas Fuelled Boilers - 93% Superefficient Thermic Fluid Heaters / Hot Air Generators

- 89% Superefficient Agrofuelled / Coal Fired Boilers. - Superefficient High Pressure steam Boilers, (Oil / Gas / Coal / Biomass Fire

for Cogeneration application

5. Energy Conservation Projects www.tespl.com

Conservation of Electrical heating to Steam / Thermic Fluid / Hot Water Heating

6. Water Treatment Plants & Other Accessories www.tespl.com

- Feed Water Deaerators - Pressure Reducing Station

- Water Softners - High / Low pressure chemical dosing systems

- Demineralising Plants - Structural / Self supported / Guyrope supported Steel Chimney / Stacks

- Sand Filters - Fuel Storage & Handling Systems.

- Activated Carbon Filters - Moisture Seperators

Transparent Technologies Private Limited

7. Evaporation, Water Recycling & zero effluent discharge plants www.waterrecyclingplant.com

Hot Water / Steam Driven Multistage Evaporators for continuous water distillation, desalination, product concentration & crystallization.

- Falling Film Evaporators - Rising Film Evaporators - Plate Evaporators - Fluidized Bed evaporators

- Natural Circulation Evaporators - Forced Circulation Evaporators - Counterflow Evaporators

- Assisted Circulation Evaporators - Agitated Evaporators - Spiral Tube Evaporators

8. Dryers www.ttplpune.com

- Spray Dryers - Fluid Bed Dryers / Coolers / Agglomerators - Fluidized Bed Incinerators / Calciners

- Flash Dryers - Paddle Dryers / Vacuum Paddle Dryers - Dry Powder Mixing Systems and Granulators

- Spray Coolers - Spray Reactors cum Dryers - Disintegrators & Pulvarisers- Fluidized Bed / Spray Dryers - Homogenizers and Dispersion Mills

9. Pollution Control Group www.air-pollutioncontrol.com

Incinerators

- Spray Dryer cum Combustion Chamber Incinerators

- Fluidized Bed Incinerators for Liquids and Solids & Gases - Packaged Fixed Grate Incinerators for Solids

- Liquid / Gas Incinerators - Fluidized Bed Paint Stripping Systems for Paint Coating

Air Pollution Control

C l / M lti B Filt W t / V t i S bb M h i l D t C ll t Fl G D l h i ti Pl t

ammonia ref cycle

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