ammonia chillers - airah · 3/13/2014 scantec refrigeration technologies pty ltd 26 . conclusions ....

Head Office: 225 Queensport Road

Murarrie, Brisbane QLD 4172 Australia

Phone: (61-7) 3890 9400 Fax: (61-7) 3890 9444

Shanghai Office: Suite 1502 Yuan Mansion

738 Dong Fang Road Shanghai 200120, China

Phone: (86-21) 5830 3488 Fax: (86-21) 5830 1730

Beijing Office: 7G No 4 Office Building

City Plaza No (A) 3 Shilipu Chaoyang District Beijing 100025,

China Phone: (86-10) 6556 2554 Fax: (86-10) 6556 2517

Ammonia Chillers Stefan S. Jensen,

B.Sc.Eng, F.AIRAH, FIEAust, CPEng, NPER

Scantec Refrigeration Technologies

3/13/2014 2 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd

Introduction

Ammonia

• Admirable safety record (statistically <2 fatalities per 1 billion inhabitants of 14 countries per year; source: IIAR Dallas, 2009)

• Natural refrigerant (used for >130 years)

• Very favourable transport properties

The case studies will provide an overview of actual operating air conditioning systems using NH3 as working fluid.


Why NH3?

Global HFC emissions by 2050 are ~9-19% (CO2e basis) of projected global CO2 emissions in the BAU scenario.

Source: Velders et al

This rises to 28-45% in a 450 ppm CO2 stabilization scenario.


Why NH3?

• 16th of December 2013 EU agrees to phase down HFC’s by 79% by 2030

• June 2013 agreement between Presidents Xi and Obama to work together towards an HFC phase-down

• 6th of September 2013 Australia commits internationally to HFC phase-down by 2030


Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013


Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013

Source: The Globe Climate Legislation Study: “A review of climate change legislation in 66 countries, 4th edition”


Chiller Plant with NH3

Engine Room

Location Brisbane CBD



Engine Room

Location CBD



BEFORE

R134A Centrifugal Chillers


Condensers

Evaporators

NH3 accumulator

Receiver

HP float

Screw compressors


AFTER


Condensers

NH3 accumulator

Receiver

HP float

Screw compressors

NH3 charge = 1300 kg or ~0.2 kg/kW

Evaporators


AFTER



Evaporators

Compressor

Relief valve

Condensers



NH3 Scrubbers

465 kW VFD’s

MCC A/C

Annual reduction from 40% to <30%


Public building with NH3

BEFORE

Two Air Cooled R22 Water Chillers for Office Air Conditioning, 1200 kW



Condenser

HCFC 22 Compressors

HCFC 22 DX AHU

BEFORE


AFTER

Two Water Cooled R717 Water Chillers, 1200 kW

Annual Energy Saving

500 MWh




AFTER

Connection of Basement AHU

Roof top plant room



AFTER



Emergency Ventilation – 41.4 m3/s

<20% of LEL or <30,000 ppm


Future Heat Recovery System

Edwards GXC50 indirect, open vented, high pressure water tank to AS3498

Existing 613315 hot water system used as booster

Cold water

NH3 compressor

Desuperheater

~66 m


AFTER


Commercial offices

Completed

During Construction


Commercial offices

Design Refrigeration Capacities

System LT HT Refrigerant NH3 NH3 PGB CHW System temperature, [°C] -24 -10 -7 5 Capacity, [kW] 160 0 719 619

Legend: LT: Low Temperature HT: High Temperature PGB: Propylene Glycol Brine CHW: Chilled Water

Chilled water system services >50 air conditioned office spaces


Commercial offices

CHW

LT

SBY PGB


Commercial offices


Conclusions

▪ No HFC Levy (GWP for NH3 = 0) ▪ No environmental impact of fugitive gas loss ▪ Superior COP

▪ Annual NH3 leakage rate <1%

▪ Suitable for high grade heat recovery

▪ Enables elimination of all SGG’s


Conclusions

Plant room design – HFC versus NH3 • Unobstructed escape routes – lack of same eliminates NH3 • Charge cost of HFC plant 10-20 times higher than NH3 • Change of image by factory packaging of NH3 systems • Increased production numbers of factory assembled NH3

packages ⇒ lower capital costs • Barriers: Legislation (policies, standards),

technology/safety, supply/availability (components etc.), psychology (perceptions, acceptance), funding/costs (subsidies, tax etc.), markets (competition, demands etc.), training/know-how

ammonia chillers - airah · 3/13/2014 scantec refrigeration technologies pty ltd 26 . conclusions ....

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