american planning association and the american institute of certified plannersdisaster and...
TRANSCRIPT
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American Planning Association and the American Institute of Certified Planners
“Disaster and Displacement One Year Later”
Developed by:
The U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development,
Jackson Mississippi Field Office
Presented by:
Emily C. Eberhardt,
Director, Community Planning and Development
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Hurricane Katrina: America’s
Worst Natural Disaster
Her Tragedy…
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Our Triumph…We Survived!
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I. Pre-Katrina Mississippi’s Gulf Coast
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PHOTO GALLERY
Pre-Katrina Homes
Post-Katrina Remnants
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1024 West Beach Blvd.Pass Christian, MS
Originally Constructed: 1885
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House on E. Scenic DrivePass Christian
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House on E. Scenic Boulevard
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Sullivan House Built forArchitect Louis Sullivan
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A. Pre-Katrina Housing
i. Multifamily Housing
42 affordable rental properties in Hancock, Harrison and Jackson Counties; included
- 10 properties for the elderly- 3 properties for disabled- 4 health care facilities
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Pre-Katrina Housing (Cont’d)
ii. Public HousingLow rent units: 13,400
Housing Choice Vouchers/Section 8:
approximately 19,600
Total: 33,000 families
75,000 residents
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II. POST-KATRINA
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A. Post-Katrina Housingi. Multifamily Housing
•Major Damage
- 20 received major damage, including:
- 3 properties for the elderly
•Destroyed
- 1 property for elderly
- 1 health care facility
1600 residents displaced
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Post-Katrina Housing (Cont’d)ii. Public Housing
a. 1,500 housing choice voucher residences damaged or destroyed
b. 3,800 units damaged across the state
c. Five Public Housing Authorities - 2,500 units sustained major or catastrophic damage
d. Average rent collected per month decreased by $44,600 per HA
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Post-Katrina Housing (Cont’d)
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Post-Katrina Housing (Cont’d)
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Post-Katrina Housing (Cont’d)
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Post-Katrina Housing (Cont’d)iii. Single Family Housing
Damaged Units
County Owner Occupied Renter
Hancock 82% 121%
Harrison 62% 78%
Jackson 61% 73%
GulfGov Reports: One Year Later
August 2006
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Post-Katrina Housing (Cont’d)
iv. Housing Stats
70,000 housing units destroyed/severely damaged
160,000 housing units damaged
97,000 Mississippians living in over 36,000 travel trailers and mobile homes
One Year After Katrina,
Progress Report on Recovery, Rebuilding and Renewal,
Office of Governor Haley Barbour
August 2006
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B. How We RespondedHUD’s Response
i. Community Planning and Development
- Waivers to statutory and regulatory
requirements that enabled Entitlement
Communities to utilize CDBG and HOME
funds in response to immediate, unplanned
needs.
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Response (Cont’d)ii. CPD - Specialized TA to Grantees
a. Continuum of Care Participants
South Mississippi AIDS Task Force
Mental Health Association of Mississippi
b. Community Housing and Development Organizations (CHDOs)
Housing 2010 (Moss Point, MS)
Pearl River Valley Opportunities, Inc. (Columbia)
Mercy Housing and Human Development (Gulfport)
Gulf Coast Community Action Agency (Gulfport)
Visions of Hope (Biloxi)
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Response (Cont’d) iii. University Rebuilding America Partnerships
(URAP) Communities Granteesa. Alcorn State University School of Nursing - $349,682
b. Mississippi State University School of Architecture - $300,000
c. Ohio State University Research Foundation - $266,741
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Response (Cont’d) Mississippi State University’s Production
Goal: Develop systematic methods to increase the rebuilding output to a level of around 20 houses per week
• Established the Gulf Coast Community Design Center
• Collaborating with the East Biloxi Coordination and Relief Center
• Providing day-to-day design assistance to the center and to other organizations to rebuild in East Biloxi.
• Work includes :neighborhood planningdesign assistance for house repairnew house constructionorganizational leadership
• 5 new houses completed/under construction
• 5 houses are in design the design stage
• Over 20 houses being renovated
• Conducted assessments and provide advice on
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Response (Cont’d) iv. Public Housing
a. Assisted in relocation of residents from damaged units to temporary housing
b. Assisted residents in submitting FEMA applications and acquiring FEMA case
numbersc. Conducted first damage assessments to be
completed on public housing units. d. Katrina Disaster Housing Assistance
Program (KDHAP)
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Response (Cont’d)
v. Single Family Housing
a. 203H Mortgages approved in MS
(125 mortgages approved to date)
b. Mortgage Assistance Initiative
(10 partial claims, to date)
HUD’s National Servicing Center,
Oklahoma City, OK
October 9, 2006
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Response (Cont’d)vi. Mississippi Home Corporation (State Housing Finance Agency)
a. $28 million in tax credits expected to stimulate $296 million in housing development
b. Expected to produce 2,500 units of housing statewide
c. 40% (1,000) of these units will go to developments in Hancock, Harrison and Jackson Counties “This is the largest single allocation of tax credits in Mississippi’s history.”Dianne Bolen, Executive Director of MHC
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Response (Cont’d)vii. Enterprise Corporation of the Delta
(ECD)a. Formed non-profit agency to address
critical need for replacement affordable housing on Gulf Coast
b. Piloted modular housing program to determine financial feasibility and durability if modular housing used as alternative affordable housing
Phil Eide, Vice PresidentECD/Hope
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Response (Cont’d)
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Response (Cont’d)viii. Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA)- Assistance to local governments in
developing long-term recovery plans
ix. Governor’s Commission on Recovery formed seven days after Katrina.
GulfGov Reports: One Year Later
August 2006
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C. CHALLENGES
i. FEMA’s advisory flood map changes
ii. New local building ordinances
iii. FEMA changes to scopes of work
iv. Insurance payment of damages
v. Increased costs of modular housing
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Challenges (Cont’d)
vi. Increased property pricesvii. Increased cost of
construction materialviii. Construction labor
shortagesix. Fair housing issues relative to minority
population and lack of affordable housing
x. Housing elevation requirements and their impact on minorities
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Challenges (Cont’d)
xi. MS Gulf Coast’s small(est) cities
a. Moss Point
b. Waveland
c. Bay St. Louis
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III. Case Study: MS Gulf Coast
After the Catastrophe
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A. ECONOMIC IMPACT
i. Initial loss of wealth
ii. Temporary shutdown of economic activity
iii. Impact on the national economy
“Mississippi Economic Review and Outlook”,
Institute for Higher Learning,
Policy Research and Planning, Economics Department
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B. WHO LOSES?
i. Short-term: All property owners with damage Employers, employees Consumers Local government
ii. Long-term: Under- & uninsured – Elderly, small business owners Shrimpers, agriculture Lower-income residents
Hurricane Symposium – 2005,Jackson State University
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WHO LOSES? (Cont’d)
iii. MS Gulf Coast Citiesa. Significant loss in tax
revenues
b. Impacted their ability to provide rudimentary, yet critical services
to their residents
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C. WHO GAINS?
i. Short-term: Construction Transportation
Retail trade– autos, building materials, consumer goods
Repairs, social services
ii. Long-term: ??? Future businesses, residents
Hurricane Symposium – 2005,Jackson State University
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Who Gains? (Cont’d)iii. 59.4% of MS’ housing stock was built prior to
1970a. It is aged.b. It is obsolete.c. It has asbestos and lead-based paint.
- 230,000 (20% of Mississippi’s housing stock)- This housing stock must be
rebuilt or rehabilitated
U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2000
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Who Gains? (Cont’d) iv. Gulf Coast Growth in Retail Sales
0
5
10
15
20
25
2005 2006
First half
“Mississippi Economic Review and Outlook”,
Institute for Higher Learning,
Policy Research and Planning, Economics Department
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Who Gains? (Cont’d)
v. Northrop Grumman initialized operations of its Unmanned Systems Center production facility in Moss Point
vi. Rolls Royce broke ground in June on its $42 million jet engine testing facility in Hancock County
vii. Trinity Yachts, formerly in New Orleans, moved its manufacturing facility to Gulfport
GulfGov Reports: One Year Later
August 2006
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Who Gains? (Cont’d)
viii. More Mississippians are employed in non-farm jobs since Katrina
ix. Mississippi has received over $100 million in new workforce development funds
GulfGov Reports: One Year Later
August 2006
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Who Gains? (Cont’d)x. Economic Incentives
a. SBA
b. Small Business No-interest Bridge
Loan
c. GO Zone Act of 2005
d. Work Opportunity Tax Credit
e. CDBG
f. Department of Labor
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Who Gains? (Cont’d)
g. Hattiesburg is located less than 100 miles from:
1. Mississippi Gulf Coast2. New Orleans, Louisiana3. Mobile, Alabama
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Economic Growth - Hattiesburg
0
1020
3040
5060
7080
90100
Before After
Retail MarketRestaurant SalesSales tax
GulfGov Reports: One Year Later
August 2006
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Population Increases - Hattiesburg
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
20052006
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Real Estate Industry - Hattiesburg• Home sale prices have increased
approximately 10%
• Rental prices are up 10% –20%
• No permits have been issued since Katrina for new construction of apartments.
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D. Public Health Impacti. Mental Health
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder- Increased domestic violence- Increased divorce rates- Higher incidence of depression- Anxiety- Nightmares- Hyper-vigilance- Insomnia- Flashbacks
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ii. Mental Health Effect on Special Populations - a. Children
• Crying/Depression
• Bedwetting
• Thumb sucking
• Nightmares
• Regression to previous behaviors
• Fighting
• Inability to concentrate
• Withdrawal and isolation
• Not wanting to attend school
• Headaches
• Changes in eating and sleeping habits
• Fear of darkness
• Increase in physical complaints
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b. The Elderly
• Headaches
• Aches/pains
• Overeating/loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Skin disorders
• Sleep disorders
• Nightmares
• Emotional/ behavioral reactions
• Forgetfulness
• Confusion
• Sadness/depression
• Inability to concentrate
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c. Persons with HIV/AIDS
1. Emotional stress
2. Unstable housing situations
3. Increased levels of stress
4. Exacerbation of illness
5. Further weakening of immune system
6. Critical need: access to stable
housing
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E. Education
i. 223 public schools are located in the most severely impacted counties.
ii. 75% of all Gulf Coast schools were severely damaged.
iii. 90% pre-Katrina enrollment to date
Mississippi Department of Education and
Mississippi Governor’s Office of Recovery Renewal
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Harper McCaughan Elementary School
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Harper McCaughan Elementary School
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Jackson County School District
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Waveland-Bay St. Louis School
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F. TRANSPORTATION
i. Two bridges were completely destroyed a. Bridge on Highway 90 connecting Biloxi to Ocean Springs b. Bridge on Highway 90 connecting Pass Christian to Bay St Louis
Mississippi Department of TransportationHighway Report, 2006
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Transportation (Cont’d)ii. Transportation recommendation
- Local governments consolidate resources and regionalize transportation planning.
iii. Environmental assessments are required when building in flood zone
iv. Must include: a. transportation assessment b. development of evacuation plan
GulfGov Reports: One Year Later
August 2006
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IV. RECOVERING
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A. Voting and Civic Engagement
i. Voters who were displaced by Katrina are registering to vote by absentee
ballot. ii. The population is 98% of pre-Katrina in the six coastal counties.
iii. 9 hotel casinos have reopened
iv. 6,800 of the 17,500 pre-Katrina hotel rooms are open and occupancy averages 80% - 90%.
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Voting and Civic Engagement (Cont’d)
v. Record breaking-numbers attended the Crawfish Festival and Summer Festival.
vi. MS Gulf Coast recently hosted the Cruising on the Coast Festival
vii.Gulf Coast residents celebrated Mardi Gras
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B. Opportunities for Improved Design
i. Gulfport a. Develop urban design guidelines, including
architectural standards, for all major redevelopment areas within the City
b. Regain ownership of the eastern portion of the Port facilities from the State.
c. Redevelop the Port into a combined facility including industry to the west and tourism, recreation, cultural and commercial activities to
the east.
d. Relocate northward the CSX railway tracks that run parallel to Highway 90
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Improvement (Cont’d)ii. Biloxi a. Remove the urban renewal loop road and replace
with a traditional pattern of blocks and streets
b. Preserve the small scale of the 18th and 19th century downtown.
c. Introduce a mix of uses into the 15 block area that serve the neighborhoods of Biloxi and visitors
with shops, restaurants and movie entertainment
d. Introduce 200k of retail into the historic downtown and 250k in a life style center adjacent to 90 and across from the Beau Rivage casino in the next 36
months.
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Improvement (Cont’d)
iii. “Pattern Book for Gulf Coast Neighborhoods” published by theCongress for New Urbanism
Sets forth exemplary building models
and designs that replicates architectural styles lost to Katrina
iv. Mississippi Cottages
v. The Coastal Construction Manual
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REFERENCESCoastal Construction Manual (
www.fema.gov/rebuild/mat/fema55)
GulfGov Reports: One Year Later, August 2006
Hurricane Symposium – 2005, Jackson State University Mississippi Department of Education
Mississippi Department of Transportation Highway Report, 2006
Mississippi Economic Review and Outlook, Institute for Higher Learning, Policy Research and Planning, Economics Department
One Year After Katrina, Progress Report on Recover, Rebuilding and Renewal, Office of Governor Haley Barbour, August 29, 2006