PROCEEDINGS

31st Annual Conference

of the

AMERICAN OOUNCIL ON OONSUHER INTERESTS

March 27-30, 1985 Fort Worth, Texas

Edited by

Karen P. Schnittgrund University of California

Cooperative Extension Riverside, California

Copyright 1985 by the American Council on Consumer Interests. Distributed by ACCI, 240 Stanley Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211.

PROGRAM

AMERICAN COUNCIL ON CONSUMER INTERESTS 31st Annual Conference

March 27-30, 1985

Fort Worth, Texa s

Thursday, March 28, 1985

OPENING GENERAL SESSION

COLSTON E. WARNE LECTURE

Presiding: Karen Goebel - University of Wisconsin President, ACCI

Welcome: Marilyn Eigsti - Texas Christian University Local Arrangements Chairman

Introduction: Jean Kinsey - University of Minnesota

Speaker: James N. Morgan - University of Michigan "What Is in the Consumer's Interest?"

CONCURRENT SESSIONS

Session 1

SYMPOSIUM ON HOME EQUITY <X>NVKRSION AND OONSUMERS

Presiding:

Speakers:

Discus sant:

Helen H. Jensen - University of Maryland

Carol B. Meeks - Economic Research Service, U.S.D.A. "Home Equity Alternatives for Consumers"

Helen J , Sullivan and Helen H. Jensen - University of Maryland "Recent Evidence on the Elderly' s Use of Home Equity Lending"

Wayne Bengston - U.S. League of Savings Institutions "Perspectives of Institutions on Home Equity Lending"

Colien Hefferan - Family Economics Research Group, U.S.D.A.

Refereed Papers Session A

ASPECTS OF mfPLOYMENT AFFECTING <X>NSUMER WELFARE

Presiding:

Speakers:

Discussant:

Sister Victoria Marie Grib schaw - The Ohio State University

Jeanne M. Hogarth - Cornell University "Factors Affecting the Probability of Accepting a Retirement Incentive: Evidence to Support Retirement Planning Education"

Pamela S. Norum and Robert O. Weagley - University of Missouri "Home Based Work • Home Economics"

Ann C. Foster - Auburn University "Wife's Labor Force Participation and Family Housing Expenditure"

Margaret M. Sanik - The Ohio State University

*NMS - No Manuscript Submitted

ii

Page Number

8

14

NHS*

NMS

19

25

27

32

Refereed Papers Session B

ADVKRTISIM; AND l'BE OONSUMER

Presiding:

Speakers:

Discussant:

Cynthia Sencindiver - The Ohio State University

Joel Rudd - Arizona State University and Vicki L. Buttolph - League of Conservation Voter s "Advertising and Ideological Content in Free Consumer Curriculum Materials"

Julia Marlowe, Kenneth D. Bahn and Karen Moody -Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University "Family Income Levels and the Influence of Television Commercials Upon Children's Purchasing Behavior"

Monroe Friedman - Eastern Michigan University "Are We Creating a 'Brand' New Language? A Content Analysis of Commercial Expressions in the Lyrics of Popular American Songs in the Postwar Era"

Jill Rader Hayes - University of Wisconsin

A REW AGENDA FOR OOBSUMER EDUCATION: A PANKL DISCUSSION

Panelists:

LUNCHEON

Presiding:

Speaker:

Rosella Bannister - Director, Michigan Consumer Education Center

Peggy Haney - Director of Consumer Affairs, American Express "Consumer Education: The Business Sector's Contribution"

Irene Williamson - Coordinator, 1984 Avon Consumer Education Roundtable

Mel Zelenak - University of Missouri "A New Agenda For Consumer Education: A Challenge to ACCI"

Nancy M. Rudd - The Ohio State University

Presentation of the 1985 Thesis/Dissertation Award

Sheila T. Harty - National Wildlife Federation

Page Number

34

38

42

44

NMS

47

NMS

49

51 "Environmental Protection: Bringing Environmentalist s and Corporations Tog ether"

CONCURRENT SESSIONS

Invited Papers Session

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Presiding:

Speakers:

W. Keith Bryant - Cornell University

Jennifer Gerner - Cornell University "Simultaneous Equations: A Primer"

Kathryn Stafford - The Ohio State Unive r s ity "Measurement Error, Instrumental Variables, and Simultaneous Equations"

Cathleen Zick - University of Utah "Sample Selection Bias: Correcting for Variables that Aren't There"

Refereed Papers Session

APPLICATIONS OF THKORY IN OONSUMER RESEARCH

Presiding: Anne Swartzlander - Mississippi State Universi ty

iii

55

60

65

Speakers: Alice Simon - The Ohio State University "Using a Characteristics and New Commoditie s Approach to Explain IRA Selection"

Page Number

72

George B. Sproles - University of Arizona 79 "From Perfectionism to Fadism: Measur i ng Consumers' Decision-Making Styles"

Robert J. Kroll - Rock Valley College and 86 Ronald W. Stampfl - University of Wisconsin "Orientations Toward Consumerism: A Politicall y Based Theory and Empirical Test"

Discussant : Robert Mayer - University of Utah 93

Rcundtabl e Discussions

A. "Consumer Reporting: Problems of Conveying Consumer Information Through the Mass Media" 96 Organizers: Jill Rader Hayes and Jeanan AlYasiri - Unive r si ty of Wi sconsin

B. "Impac t of Home Computers on Family Life " 97 Organi zer: Gerald A. Bird - Montcla i r State Col lege

C. "A National Sample of Consumer Education Curriculum Materials" 98 Organizers: Virginia Clark and Shirley Reagan - Louisiana Tech University

D. "The Financial Services Evolution: Implications for Consumers" NMS Organizer : Mary Ann Noecker Guadagno - Nationwide Insurance

E. "Computers and Consumer Education" 99 Organizer : R.E. Vosburgh - University of Guelph

F. "The Treatment of the Concept of Consumers and Consumerism in the 100 Bishops' Pastoral Letter" Organizers: Father Robert McEwen - Boston Col lege

Stewart Lee - Geneva College Gordon Bivens - Iowa Stat e University

GENERAL SESSION

Presiding:

Speaker:

Jill Rader Hayes - Univers ity of Wisconsin

Francis Pollock - Former Editor of Media & Consumer "Media a nd the Consumer : Past, Pre sent, and Future"

Student Busine ss Meeting

Presiding: Eli sa N. Gambino, National Student Coordinator -Virginia Polytechnic Ins titute and State University

Friday, March 29, 1985

GENERAL SESSION

Presiding:

Speaker :

E. Scott Maynes - Cornell University

Greg Duncan - Survey Research Center, University of Michigan "The Mo st Important-- and Neglected--Consumer Choices"

CONCURRENT SESSIONS

Refereed Papers Session A

Presiding: Mary Ann Noecker Guadagno - Nationwide Insurance

iv

102

106

Speakers:

Disscussant:

Vickie L. Hampton, Sue A. Greninger, Karrol A. Kitt, and Richard A. Bouton - University of Texas "Knowledge and Concerns Regarding ATM Use"

Helen H. Jensen and Alexander Chen - University of Maryland "Older Consumers in the New Financial Services Market: Evidence on Behavior and Information in the Market"

Charlotte V. Churaman - University of Maryland "College Student Usage of EFTS and Locus of Control'.'

Jeanne M. Hogarth - Cornell University

Refereed Papers Session B

CONSUMKR. POLICY ISSUES

Presiding: Joel Rudd - Arizona State University

Speakers: Thesia I. Garner - Bureau of Labor Statistics "A Case Study of Society's Response to Catastrophic Illness: The End-Stage Renal Disease Program"

Page Number

111

115

121

129

131

Claudia J. Peck, Kenneth Larson, and Keith Willett - Oklahoma State University 137 "The Economic Effects of Demand Management Alternatives on Residential Municipal Water Demand"

M. D. Bernacchi - University of Detroit "Alcoholic Beverage Industry: Hindsight, Oversight, and Insight"

Discussant: Molly Longstreth - University of Arizona

Poster Session

A. Bonnie C. Cooper, Frances C. Lawrence, Betty C. Harrison, and Michael F. Burnett -Louisiana State University "Consumers' Perceptions of Ambulatory Surgery"

B. Jean M. Lown - Utah State University "Financial Management Problems of Remarried Families"

C. Karen Goebel - University of Wisconsin "Marital Property Reform Legislation"

D. Nancy H. Miller, Beverly Henderson, and Virginia Card Felstehausen - University of Wisconsin "Health Maintenance Organizations and Consumer Education"

E. Nancy H. Miller and Rosalie Powell - University of Wisconsin "Study Examines Elderly Supermarket Shopping"

F. Elsie Fetterman - University of Massachusetts "Economic Consequences of Household-Produced Goods and Services"

G. John Thirlwell - Consumers ' Association, London, England "Multinational Corporations and Consumer Policy"

H. Marjorie J. T. Norton and Phoebe Mack Morrow - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University "Second Hand Clothing Market: Implications for Consumers"

I. Bobye J. Riney and Rose M. Rubin - North Texas State University "Working Wives Net Income Contribution to the Household Income"

** Not Presented

v

143 NP**

150

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

J. William Johnston - Oklahoma State University "The National Consumer Affairs Internship Program"

K. Emily D.M. Quint, Claudia J. Peck, and Keith Willett - Oklahoma State University "Water as a Common Property Resource Issue"

LUNCHEON

Presiding:

Speaker:

Geraldine Olson - Oregon State University

Carol Barger - Director, Consumers Union Southwest Regional Office "The Great Southwestern Bell Caper"

CONCURRENT SESSIONS

Invited Papers Session

Speaker: Carolyn Summers Edwards - The Center for Forensic Economic Studies "So You've Been Asked to Testify: What to Expect and How to Prepare"

Refereed Papers Session A

CONSOMRR atEDIT

Presiding:

Speakers:

Discussant:

Karrol Kitt - University of Texas

David B. Eastwood - University of Tennessee and Cynthia Sencindiver - The Ohio State University "A Re-Examination of Consumer Credit Growth"

Barbara M. DeLuca - University of Dayton and Jean S. Bowers - The Ohio State University "Determinants of Household Debt Repayment-Income Ratio"

Robert W. Johnson and James R. Fain - Purdue University "Adjustable-Rate Consumer Loans: A Trade-Off "

Ramona K. z. Heck - Cornell University

Refereed Papers Session B

EDUCATIM; a>BSUMER AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS

Presiding:

Speakers:

Discussant :

Sheila Mammen - North Dakota State University

Robin A. Douthitt - University of Saskatchewan "An Employment Opportunity Survey: Results and Applications"

Virginia B. Langrehr and Frederick W. Langrehr - Brigham Young University "Course Requirements, Job Responsibilities, and Compensation for Financial Counselors: The Industry View"

Anne Bailey, Carol Michael, and Carol Sensbach - Miami University "Consumer Credit Counseling: Current Practices and Career Opportunities"

William Johnston - Oklahoma State University

Refereed Papers Session C

CONSOMRR PROTECTION ISSUES

Presiding: Richard Widdows - Purdue University

Speakers: Michael Ursic - University of Florida "An Empirical Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Magnuson-Moss Act"

vi

Page Number

161

163

164

166

169

17 5

180

187

189

192

NP

196

198

Speakers:

Discussant:

Vincent Brannigan and Bruce Ensor - University of Maryland "Bose Corporation v. Consumers Union of the United States: Product Critiques and the First Amendment"

Rachel Dardis and Camille Hersh - University of Maryland "Motorcycle Helmet Laws: A Case Study of Consumer Protection"

Roger Swagler - University of Georgia

ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING

Presiding : Karen Goebel - University of Wisconsin ACCI President

Informal Sharing of Strategies for Dealing with Farm Family Financial Stress

Organizer: Karen Goebel - University of Wisconsin

Saturday, March 30, 1985

CONCURRENT SESSIONS

INTERNATIONAL FOROll: OONSUMKR RESEARCH IR THE THIRD WORLD

Moderator:

Speakers:

Panel Discussion:

Jean S, Bowers - The Ohio State University

Revathi Balakrishnan - Universi ty of Wi sconsin, Stevens Point "The Consumer in a Developing Society"

Yong-Hee Kim - Seoul National University "Consumerism in Southeast Asia: The Case of South Korea"

Robert R. Kerton - University of Waterloo "Opportunities Which Matter: From Appropri ate Technology to Appropriate Research"

"Ways and Means to Strengthen Research on Thir d Wor ld Consumer Issues"

Refereed Papers Session A

FINANCIAL HAHAGEMENT

Presiding:

Speakers'!

Discussant:

Barbara DeLuca - University of Dayton

Sherman Hanna - Kansas State University "The Impact of High Housing Expenditures on Other Consumer Expenditures"

Dixie Porter Johnson and Ri chard Widdows - Purdue Universi ty "Emergency Fund Level s of Households"

Carol B. Meeks and John C. Hession - Economic Research Service , U.S.D.A. "Participation in Mortgage Programs"

Golden Jackson - The Ohio State University

Refereed Papers Session B

CONSUMER EDUCATION ISSUES

Speakers: Jean M. Lown - Utah State University "Financial Management Information Needs: Help for Financial Problems"

Jo Lynn Cunningham and Sandra W. Miller - University of Tennessee "The Scope of Consumer Education as Reflected in Interdi sciplinary Curriculum Guides for Secondary Education Programs"

vii

Page Number

202

208

214

216

220

223

228

235

242

250

252

258

Speaker:

Discussant:

Karen L. Perch - University of Kentucky "Knowledge of Men and Women about Consumer Credit Laws, Insurance, and Estate Planning : A Preliminary Investigation and Analysis"

Sue Alexander Greninger - University of Texas

SYMPOSIUM ON FAKK FAMILY FINANCIAL STRESS

Organizers:

Speakers:

Speakers:

Karen Goebel - University of Wisconsin Katey Walker - Kansas State University

Robert O. Weagley - University of Missouri "The Current Family Farm Crisis"

Jean Kinsey - University of Minnesota "Farm Family Financial Stress: Impact on Consumers "

Cynthia Needles Fletcher - Iowa State University "State Policy Issues"

Dottie Goss - University of Minnesota "Project SUPPORT"

Kathy Prochaska-Cue - University of Nebraska "Managi~ for Tommorrow"

Katey Walker - Kansas State University "Summary"

PANEL ON mE <X>RSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY DATA: ACCESS, USES, AND NEEDS OF USERS

Organizers:

Panelists:

Thesia I. Garner and Alice A. Lippert - Bureau of Labor Statistics "The Consumer Expenditure Survey: Information Exchange and Overview"

J anet Wagner - University of Maryland "Consumer Expendi t ure Survey Series: Applications in Academic Research"

Michael L. Brookshire - West Virginia College of Graduate Studies "Consumer Expenditure Survey Data and the Estimation of Economic Loss"

Mark W. Cunningham - Burke Marketing Research "Consumer Expenditure (CE) Survey Data : Consumer Research and Market ing Implications"

Colien Hefferan - Family Economics Research Group, U.S . D.A. "Consumer Expenditure Data in Family Economics Research"

E. Scott Maynes - Cornell University "Some Thoughts on the Consumer Researcher's Use of the Consumer Expenditure Survey"

GENERAL SESSION

Presiding:

Speaker:

ADJOURN

Nancy Hawkins - ACCI Representative to the U.S. Mission to the U.N.

Presentation of award for best applied consumer research paper presented at the 1985 conference

Esther Peterson - Representative to the United Nations for the International Organization of Consumers Unions "International Consumer Guidelines: What are They, How Did They Come About, and What Could They Accomplish? "

viii

Page Number

265

272

275

280

281

284

285

287

288

291

294

299

NMS

302

305

AUTHOR INDEX TO THE 1985 PROCEEDINGS

AlYasiri, Jeanan see Hayes, Jill Rader

Bahn, Kenneth D. see Marlowe , Julia

Balakrishnan, Revathi "The Consumer in a Developing Society"

Barger, Carol "The Great Southwestern Bell Caper"

Bernacchi, M. D. "Alcoholic Beverage Industry: Hind sight, Oversight, and Insight"

Bird , Gerald A. "Impact of Home Computers on Family Life"

Bivens , Gordon -- see McEwen, Robert

Bouton, Richard A. see Hampton, Vickie L.

Bowers, Jean S. see DeLuca, Barbara M.

Brannigan, Vincent "Bose Corporation v. Consumers Union of the United States: Product Critique and the First Amendment"

Brookshire, Michael L. "Consumer Expenditure Survey Data and the Estimation of Economic Loss"

Burnett, Michael F. -- see Cooper, Bonnie C.

Buttolph, Vicki L. -- see Rudd, Joel

Chen, Alexander see Jensen, Helen H.

Churaman, Charlotte V. "College Student Usage of EFTS and Locus of Control"

Clark, Virginia "A National Sample of Consumer Education Curriculum Materials"

Cooper, Bonnie C. "Consumers ' Perceptions of Ambulatory Surgery"

Cunningham, Jo Lynn "The Scope of Consumer Education as Reflected in Interdisciplinary Curriculum Guides for Secondary Education Programs"

Cunningham, Mark W. "Consumer Expenditure (CE) Survey Da ta: Consumer Research and Marke ting Implications"

Dardis, Rac hel "Motorcycle Helme t Laws: A Case Study of Consumer Protection"

DeLuca, Barbara M. "Determinant s of Household Debt Repayment-Income Ratio"

Douthitt, Robin A. "An Employment Opportunity Survey: Results and Application"

Duncan, Greg "The Most Important--and Neglected--Consume r Choices"

Eastwood, David B. "A Re-Examination of Consumer Credit Growth"

ix

Page Number 96

38

216

164

143

97

100

111

175

202

294

152

34

115

121

98

152

258

299

208

175

189

106

169

Edwards, Carolyn Summers "So You've Been Asked to Testify: What to Expect and How to Prepare"

Ensor, Bruce -- see Brannigan, Vincent

Fain, James R. -- see Johnson, Robert w.

Felstehausen, Virginia Card -- see Miller, Nancy H.

Fetterman, Elsie "Economic Consequences of Household Produced Goods and Services"

Flashman, Robert H. -- see Perch, Karen L.

Fletcher, Cynthia Needles "Farm Family Financial Stress: Policy and Program Issues"

Foster, Ann C. "Wife's Labor Force Participation and Family Housing Expenditure"

Friedman, Monroe "Are We Creating a 'Brand' New Language? A Content Analysis of Commercial Expressions in the Lyrics of Popular American Songs in the Postwar Era"

Garner, Thesia I. "The Consumer Expenditure Survey: Information Exchange and Overview"

Garner, Thesia I . "A Case Study of Society's Response to Catastrophic Illness: The End-Stage Renal Disease Program"

Gerner, Jennifer "Simultaneous Equations: A Primer"

Gobel, Karen P. "Marital Property Reform Leg islation"

Goss, Dottie "Project SUPPORT"

Greninger, Sue A. Discussant: "Consumer Education Issues"

Greninger, Sue A. see Hampton, Vickie L.

Hampton, Vickie L. "Knowledge and Concerns Regarding ATM Use"

Haney, Peggy H. "Consumer Education: The Business Sector's Contribution"

Hanna, Sherman "The Impact of High Housing Expenditures on Other Consumer Expenditures"

Harrison, Betty c. -- see Cooper, Bonnie c.

Harty, Sheila T. "Environmental Protection: Bringing Environmentalists & Corporations Together"

Page Numbers

166

202

180

155

157

265

281

27

42

288

131

55

154

284

272

111

111

47

228

152

51

Hayes, Jill Rader 96 "Consumer Reporting : Problems of Conveying Consumer Information Through the Mass Media"

Hayes, Jill Rader 44 Discussant: "Advertising and the Consumer"

Heck, Ramona K. z. 187 Discussant: "Consumer Credit"

x

Henderson, Beverly -- see Miller, Nancy H.

Hersh, Camille -- see Dardis, Rachel

Hession, John C. -- see Meeks, Carol B.

Hogarth, Jeanne "Factors Affect!~ the Probability of Accept!~ a Retirement Incentive: Evidence to Support Retirement Planning Education"

Hogarth, Jeanne Discussant: "The Changing Financial Market"

Jackson , Golden Discussant: "Financial Management "

Jensen, Helen H. -- see Sullivan, Helen J,

Jensen, Helen H. "Older Consumers in the New Financial Service Market"

Johnson, Dixie Porter "Emergency Fund Levels of Households"

Johnson, Robert W. "Adjustable-Rate Consumer Loans: A Trade-Off"

Johnston, William L. Discussant : "Educating Consumer Affairs Professionals"

Johnston , William L. "The National Consumer Affairs Internship Program"

Kerton, Robert R. "Opportunities Which Matter: From Appropriate Techology to Appropriate Research"

Kim, Yong-Hee "Consumerism in Southeast Asia: The Case of South Korea"

Kinsey, Jean "Farm Family Financial Stress: Impact on Consume rs"

Kitt, Karro! A. -- see Hampton , Vickie L.

Kroll , Robert J, "Orientation Toward Con sumer! sm: A Poli tic ally Based Theory and Empirical Test "

Langrehr, Frederick W. -- see Langrehr, Virginia B.

Langr e hr, Virginia B. "Course Requirements, Job Responsibilities, and Compensation For Financial Counselors: The Industry Vi ew"

Larson, Ke nneth -- see Peck, Claudia J,

Lawrence, Frances C, -- see Coope r, Bonnie C.

Lee, Stewart -- see McEwen, Robert

Lippert, Alice A. -- see Garner, Thesia I.

Longstreth, Molly Discussant : "Consumer Policy I ssues"

Lown, Jean M. "Financial Management Problems of Remarried Families"

xi

Page Number

155

208

242

19

129

250

14

115

235

180

196

161

223

220

280

111

86

192

192

137

152

100

288

150

153

Lown, Jean M. "Financial Management Information Needs: Help for Financial Problems"

Marlowe, Julia "Family Income Levels and the Influence of Television Commercials Upon Children 's Purchasing Behavior"

Mayer, Robert N. Discussant: "Applications of Theory in Consumer Research"

Maynes, E. Scott "Some Thought s on the Consumer Researcher's Use of the Consumer Expenditure Survey"

McEwen, Robert "The Treatment of the Concept of Consumers and Consumerism in the Bishops' Pastoral Letter"

Meeks, Carol B. "Home Equity Alternatives for Consumers"

Meeks, Carol B. "Part i cipation in Mortgage Programs"

Miller, Nancy H. "Health Maintenance Organizations and Consumer Education"

Miller, Nancy M. "Study Examines Elderly Supermarket Shopping"

Miller, Sandra w. -- see Cunningham, Jo Lynn

Moody, Karen -- see Marlowe, Julia

Morgan, James N. "What Is in the Consumer ' s I nterest?"

Morrow, Phoebe Mack -- see Norton, Majorie J,T .

Norton , Marjorie J.T. "Second Hand Clothing Market : Implications for Consumers"

Norum , Pamela S. "Home Based Work = Home Economics"

Peck, Claudia see Quint, Emily D .M.

Page Number

252

38

93

302

100

8

242

155

156

258

38

1

159

159

25

163

Peck, Claudia J, 137 "The Economic Effects of Demand Management Alternati ves on Residential Municipal Water Demand"

Perch, Karen L. 265 "Knowledge of Men and Women About Consumer Credit Laws, Insurance , and Estate Planning: A preliminary Investigation and Analysis"

Peterson, Esther 305 "International Consumer Guidelines"

Pollock, Francis "Media and the Consumer: Past, Pre sent, and Future"

Powell, Rosalie -- see Miller , Nancy H.

Prochaska- Cue, Cathy "Managi~ for Tomorrow"

Quint, Emily D. M. "Water as a Common Property Resource Issue"

xii

102

156

285

163

Page Number

Reagan, Shirley -- see Clark, Virginia 98

Riney, Bobye J. 160 "Working Wives Net Income Contribution to the Household"

Rubin, Rose M. -- see Riney, Bobye J, 160

Rudd, Joel 34 "Advertising and Ideological Content in Free Consumer Curriculum Materials"

Sanik, Margaret 32 Discussant : "Aspects of Employment Affecting Consumer Welfare"

Sencindiver, Cynthia -- see Eastwood, David B. 169

Simon, Alice 72 "Using a Characteristics and New Approach to Explain IRA Selection"

Sproles, George B. 79 "From Perfection to Fadi sm: Measuring Consumers' Decision-Making Styl es"

Stafford, Kathryn 60 "Measurement Error, Instrumental Variables, and Simultaneous Equations"

Stampfl, Ronald W. ~ see Kroll, Robert J. 86

Sullivan, Helen J, 14 "Recent Evidence on the Elderly' s Use of Home Equity Lending "

Swagler, Roger 214 Discussant: "Consumer Protection Issues"

Thirlwell, John 158 "Multinational Corporations and Consumer Policy"

Ursic, Michael 198 "An Empirical Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Magnuson-Moss Act"

Vosburgh, R. E. 99 "Computers and Consumer Education"

Wagner, Janet 291 "The Consumer Expenditure Survey Series: Applications in Academic Research"

Walker, Katey 287 "Summary of Symposium on F.arm Family Financial Stress"

Weagley, Robert O. 275 "The Current Family Farm Crisis"

Weagley, Robert O. - - see Norum, Pamela S. 25

Widdows, Richard -- see Johnson, Dixie Porter 235

Willett , Keith see Peck, Claudia J, 137

Willett, Keith see Quint, Emily D. M. 163

Zelenak, Mel 49 "A New Agenda For Consumer Education: A Challenge to ACCI"

Zick, Cathleen D. 65 "Sample Selection Bias: Correcting For Variables that Aren't There"

xiii

FROM 'l"HE HD !TOR.

The 31st Annual Conference of the American Council on Consumer Interest s provided the opportunity for presentations and discussions of many areas of concern related to consumers. This year the Conference had no theme which allowed participants the freedom to submit papers on a variety of issues including home equity conversion, consumer education, consumer welfare, simultaneous equations, and the changing financial market. Sessions were presented on these topics along with many other stimulating papers from special guests.

All speakers on the annual conference program -- those presenting refereed papers, participating in panels and symposia, invited speakers, and the Colston Warne lecturer -- were invited to submit camera­ready manuscripts, typed to Proceedings specifications for inclusion here. The cooperation of presentors and support staff has been excellent and is greatly appreciated.

The program chair , Nancy Rudd, provided us with an excellent program and is to be congratulated for that effort. Appreciation is also extended to the speakers, manuscript reviewers, and local arrangements committee. Special appreciation is extended to Beverly Barlin and Sandra Burright for their technical assistance in the preparation of the Proceedings.

Program Chair

Karen P. Schnittgrund University of California

1984 CONFERENCE COMMITTEES

Nancy Rudd, The Ohio State University

Local Arrangements Chair

Marilyn Eigsti, Texas Christian University

Local Arrangements Committee

Lillian Chenoweth, Texas Woman's University Jean Coupe, Carolyn Corbin Inc. Bobye June Riney, North Texas State University Sue Lynn Sasser, Public Affairs, Federal Reserve Bank-Dallas Kim Kamin, Ft. Worth Independent School District

Reviewers of Refereed Papers

David Eastwood, University of Tennessee Loren V. Geistfeld, The Ohio State University Sue Alexander Greninger, University of Texas Virginia Haldeman, University of Nevada Ramona K.Z. Heck, Cornell University Tahira Hira, Iowa State University Jeanne M. Hogarth, Cornell University Helen H. Jensen, University of Maryland Dixie Porter Johnson, Purdue Unive rsity William Johnston, Oklahoma State University Molly Longstreth , University of Arizona Jean M. Lown, Utah State University Julia Marlowe, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Kenneth Mayer, Cleveland State University Robert Mayer, University of Utah Joel Rudd, Arizona State University Margaret M. Sanik, The Ohio State University Vi c ki Schram, University of Illinois Frankie Schwenck, Family Economics Research Group, U.S.D.A. Nancy Spillman, Los Angeles Trade- Technical College George Sproles, University of Arizona

xiv

1~84-85 ACCI BOARD of DIRECTORS

President

Karen Goebel, University of Wisconsin

President-Elect

Geraldine Olson, Oregon State University

Treasurer

Mel Zelenak, University of Missouri

Directors

Judy Allen, Southwest Texas State University Nancy Flood, Missouri Extension Service Ramona K.Z. Heck, Cornell University Jean Kinsey, University of Minnesota Carol Meeks, U.S.D.A. Ed Metzen , University of Missouri Mary Ann Paynter, University of Illinois Lawrence Shepard, University of California , Davis

Executive Director

Barbara Slusher, University of Missouri

EDITORS AND CONFERENCE RELATED CHAIRS

Editors

Journal of Consumer Affairs David Eastwood, University of Tennessee

Annual Conference Proceedings Karen P. Schnittgrund, University of California, Riverside

ACCI Newsletter Stewart Lee, Geneva College

ACCI Happenings Ann Foster, Auburn University

Conference Related Chairs

Career Opportunitie s John Burton, University of Utah

Exhibits-National Les Dlabay, Lake Forest College

Membership Robe rt Flashman, University of Kentucky

Student Section Coordinator Elisa Gambino, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Thesis/Disseration Award Nancy Rudd, The Ohio State University

Nominations and Elections Carole Makela, Colorado State University

Distinguished Fellows Gordon Bivens, Iowa State University

xv

Abdel-Ghany, Mohamed University of Alabama Dept. of Consumer Science/FOB 1488 University, AL 35486

Ake, Lisa Southwest Texas St ate University 7101 Hangi ng Oak Circle Austin, TX 78749

Al Yasiri, Jeanan Univer sity of Wisconsin 1706 Norman Way, #308 Madison, WI 53705

Aldershoff, Danielle Cornell University Consumer Econ . & Hous ing/MVR Ha l l Ithaca, NY 14853

Ali , Hal iman Ahmad 7405 Lemonwood Lane Ft. Worth, TX 76133

Allen, Judy Southwes t Texas State University Dept. of Home Economics San Marcos , TX 78666

Armstrong, Andrew J . Armstrong World Indus t ries Lancaster , PA 17604

Arsenoff , Mary Consumer Informa tion Center 18th & F Streets , N.W. Washing t on, DC 20405

Ater, E. Carolyn Texas Tech. University Home Economics/FOB 4170 Lubbock, TX 79409

Baecher, Charlotte Consumers Un ion, Educ. Services 256 Washington St . Mt. Vernon, NY 10553

Bailey , Beverly S. Oklahoma State Univers ity 322 IBA Hall Stillwater , OK 74077

Balakrishnan, Revathi Unive r sity of Wiscons in s·chool of Home Economics Stevens Point, WI 54481

Baldwin, Lois M. Texas Woman' s University P.O. Box 25554 TWU Station Denton, TX 76204

Ballenger, Susan S. 1550 Terrell Mill Rd ., #17-B Marietta, GA 30067

ACCI 1985 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS

xvi

Bannister, Rosell a Eas tern Michigan Univer sity Michigan Consumer Education Center Ypsilanti , MI 48197

Barger, Carol Consumers Union, S .W. Regional Office 202 w. 13th Austin, TX 78701

Beard, Doris California State Univer s ity Home Ee. Dept./6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819

Bengtson, Wayne U.S. League of Savings I nst. 111 E. Wacker Dr. Chicago, IL 60601

Berger, Peggy S. Colorado State University 1808 Indian Meadows Lane Ft. Collins , CO 80525

Bird, Gerald A. Montclair St ate College Dept. of Home Economics Upper Montclair, NJ 07043

Bivens, Gordon E. I owa Stat e University Dept. of Family Environment Ames, I A 5001 1

Bower , Geraldi ne U.S . Dept. of Health & Human Ser vices 12312 Mika Lane Bowie, MD 20715

Bowers , J ean The Ohio State Uni v er sity 1787 Neil Ave . Columbus, OH 43210

Brannigan, Vincent University of Maryland Textiles & Consumer Economics Dept. College Park, MD 20742

Bres , Joseph V. Exxon Co. USA-14844 P.O. Box 2180, Room 2263 Hous t on, TX 77252

Bronner , Donna Kansas State Univers i ty Dept. of Family Economics Manha t tan, KS 66506

Brookshire , Michael WV College of Gradua t e Studies Ins titute, WV 25112

Browne , Sally Electronic Industries Assoc. 2001 Eye St ., N.W. Wash i ngton, DC 20006

Bryant, Joyce E. Household International Money Mgmt. Ins titute, 2700 Sanders Prospect Heights, IL 60070

Bryant , W. Keith Cornell University Consumer Economics & Housing Ithaca, NY 14853

Burrera, Sandra Southwest Texas State University 518 N. Linda Dr., #J-1 San Marcos, TX 78666

Burton, John R. University of Utah Dept. of Family & Consumer Studies Salt Lake City, UT 84112

Busse, Chanda Rt. 1, Box 37 Somerset, OH 43783

Buttolph, Vicki 34 Rollingwood Eliot, ME 03903

Carter , Lanita S. Kansas State University Dept . of Family Economics Manhattan, KS 66506

Cassel , Deborah 302~ s. Knobloc k, #10 Stillwater , OK 74074

Charters , Margaret Syracuse University 224 Slocum Hall Syracuse , NY 13210

Chenoweth , Lillian Texas Woman ' s University Box 23975 Denton, TX 76204

Churaman, Charlotte 236 Lastner Lane Greenbelt , MD 20770

Clark, Virginia L. Louisiana Tech. University 2308 B Lilly St. Ruston , LA 71270

Compton , Norma H. Purdue University School of Consumer West Lafayet te, IN

Cooper, Bonnie

& Family Science 47906

Louisiana State University 9641 Trail ' s End Ave . Baton Rouge, LA 70818

Cooper, Diana M. 100 Mecey Lane , #224 San Marcos, TX 78666

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Cooper, Susan G. Southeastern Louisiana Univeristy P . O. Box 341 Hammond, LA 70402

Corpus , Kathleen Kansas State University 2012 Hayes Drive Manhattan, KS 66502

Coupe, L. Jean 1304 Glen Cove Dr. Richard$on, TX 75080

Cunningham , Jo Lynn 3643 Taliluna Ave. , #F-4 Knoxville, TN 37919

Dardis, Rachel University of Maryland Textiles & Consumer Economics College Park, MD 20742

Dawson, Polly Ann Southwest Texas State University BB-Settlement Apts.-Jackson Lane San Marcos, TX 78666

DeLuca, Barbara University of Dayton 300 Coll. Park Ave., 324 Sherman Dayton, OH 45469

Deressa , Belletech Iowa State University 1613 Buchanan Ames , IA 50013

Dignam, Monica The Haney Co . 733 N. Van Buren St . Milwaukee, WI 53202

Dippold, Christine D. RR 6, Box 68-H Muscatine, IA 52761

Dodd, Douglas A. Southwest Texas State University 2A Settlement Apts . , 135 Jackson San Marcos , TX 78666

Dolan , Elizabeth M. University of New Hampshire Family & Consumer Studies Durham, NH 03824

Doubrava, Nancy Jo Lot #4, Beel Subdivision Oak Grove, KY 42262

Douthitt, Robin University of Saskatchewan Home Ee., 225.4 Thorvaldson Bldg. Saskatoon, SS CANADA S7N OWO

Drake, Stacie Lee Southwest Texas State University 1249 N. LBJ, #208 San Marcos , TX 78666

Duncan, Greg J. University of Michigan Room 3260 Inst . for Social Resch . Ann Arbor, MI 48109

Eastwood, David B. University of Tennessee Ag . Econ . & Rural Soc . /Box 1071 Knoxville, TN 37901

Edmonds, Mabel St . Louis Public Schools 5183 Raymond St. Louis, MO 63113

Edmondson , Mary E. University of Kentucky 303A Funkhouser Bldg. Lexington, KY 40506

Eigsti , Marilyn Texas Christian University Home Economics , PO Box 32869 Ft. Worth, TX 76129

Emberson, Heather V. Oregon State University Home Economics , 323 Milam Corvallis, OR 97331

Engle, Debra K. Oklahoma State University 313 N. Donaldson Stillwater , OK 74074

Ensor, Bruce D. University of Maryland 8501 Edenton Rd. Fulton , MD 20759

Felstenhausen, Ginny Texas Tech . University 211 Home Economics Lubbock, TX 79413

Fetterman, Elsie University of Massachusetts Div. of Home Econ. , 101 Skinner Amherst, MA 01003

Fitzgerald , Margaret 111 N. Gilbert Rd. , #2173 Mesa, AZ 85203

Flashman, Robert University of Kentucky Coop . Ext. Svc ., 318 Funkhouser Lexington , KY 40546

Fletcher , Cynthia N. Iowa State University 52N LeBaron Ames, IA 50011

Flood , Nancy Missouri Coop . Extension Courthouse Unionville, MO 63565

xviii

Forgue , Raymond E. University of Kentucky Family Studies , 315 Funkhouser Lexington , KY 40506

Foster, Ann C. Auburn University Consumer Affairs, Spidle Hall Auburn University , AL 36849

Friedman, Monroe Eastern Michigan University Dept . of Psychology Ypsilan ti , MI 48197

Frisbee , William R. University of Guelph Dept. of Consumer Studies Guelph , ON CANADA NlG 2Wl

Gambino , El isa N. Virginia Tech . 4600K Terrace View Apts . Blacksburg, VA 24060

Garner , Thesia I . Bureau of Labor Statistics 600 E Street, N.W., Room 3306 Washington , DC 20212

Gerner , Jennifer Cornell University Cons. Econ. & Housing , MVR Hall Ithaca , NY 14853

Gervais , Lucy University of Wisconsin 240A School of Home Economics Stevens Point, WI 54481

Goebel, Karen P. University of Wisconsin 235 Home Ee. Bldg, 1300 Linden Madison , WI 53706

Goldberg , Marcia Direct Selling Education Foundation 1730 M Street , N.W. Washington , DC 20036

Goss , Dorothy University of Minnesota 275 McNeal Hall St . Paul , MN 55108

Greninger, Sue Univer sity of Texas Home Ee. Dept. /Gearing Hall 115 Austin, TX 78712

Gr i bschaw, Victoria The Ohio State University 1787 Neil Ave. Columbus, OH 43210

Guadagno , Mary Ann Nationwide Insurance 1 Nationwide Plaza Columbus, OH 43215

Haldeman, Ginny University of Nevada School of Home Economics Reno , NV 89557

Hall, Carl Oklahoma State University 118 Brentwood Stillwater, OK 74075

Hampton, Vickie University of Texas Dept. of Home Economics Austin, TX 78712

Haney, Peggy American Express Co . 125 Broad ST., 19th Floor New York, NY 10004

Hanna, Sherman Kansas State University 1719 Humboldt St . Manhattan, KS 66502

Harms , Roy C. SC Dept. of Consumer Affairs P.O . Box 5757 Columbia , SC 29250

Harrison , Mary N. University of Florida Cons . Educ. Ext ./3025 McCarty Gainesville, FL 32611

Harty , Sheila T. National Wildlife Federation 1412 16th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036

Hawkins, Nancy 396 Allaire Ave . Leonia, NJ 07605

Hayes, Jill R. University of Wisconsin 220 Grand Canyon Dr. Madison, WI 53705

Hearn, Evelyn Southwest Texas St ate University Dept. of Home Economics San Marcos, TX 78666

Heck, Ramona K.Z. Cornell University Cons. Econ. & Hsg ., 133 MVR Hall Ithaca, NY 14853

Hefferan, Colien USDA, Family Econ. Research Group Federal Bldg, Room 442A Hyattsville, MD 20782

Hefley, Kim Kansas Student Government Consumer Relations Board Manhattan , KS 66506

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Henderson, Beverly University of Wisconsin 235 Home Economics Madiosn, WI 53706

Herrmann, Robert 0 . Penn State University Weaver Bldg . University Park, PA 16802

Hilfinger , Suzanne 501 Waldorf Parkway Syracuse, NY 13224

Hill , James o. Vincennes University 910 Seminary St . Vincennes, IN 47591

Hinchey, Jane Orr 117 Orgain St . Beaumont, TX 77707

Hochstein , Michelle Southwest Texas State University 827 w. Hopkins, 113 San Marcos, TX 78666

Hogarth, Jeanne M. Cornell University Dept. of Cons . Econ . & Housing Ithaca, Ny 14853

Hopkins, Deborah A. 1126 E. Merrimar Circle, North Col umbus , OH 43220

House, Gail Texas Tech . University P.O . Box 4170 Lubbock, TX 79407

Irwin , Lauren Oklahoma State University 216 Drummond Stillwater, OK 74077

J ackson , Golden The Ohio State University 1787 Neil Ave . Columbus, OH 43210

Jensen, Helen H. University of Maryland 2100 Marie Mount Hall College Park, MD 20742

Jensen, Trinke McNurlin University of Wisconsin 4313 Yuma Dr . Madison, WI 53711

Johnson , Adele 1100 Bank St. 101 Washington Bldg. Richmond, VA 23219

Johnson, Dixie Porter Purdue University 1001 Digby Dr. Lafayette, IN 47905

Johnson , Phyl lis J. University of British Columbi a School of Home Economics Vancouver , BC CANADA V6T 1W5

Johnson, Robert W. Purdue Univer sity Krannert Graduate School of Management West Lafayette , IN 47907

John ston, William L. Oklahoma State Univer sity 105 W. Lakehurst Stil lwater , OK 74075

Jones , Rene 1606 Highland Rd. Dal las , TX 75218

Kerton, Robert Un iversi ty of Waterloo Dept. of Economics Wa t erl oo, ON CANADA N2L 3Gl

Killen, M. Barbara University of Minnesota 216 Pillsbu ry Dr ., S. E. Minneapol is, MN 55455

Kim, Yong Hee Seoul National Universit y College of Home Economics Seoul , KOREA

Kingsbury, Myra A. Iowa Sta t e University Coop Extension Servi ce , 323 W. 7th St . Sioux Cit y , IA 51103

Kinney, Joan 4308 Eaton Dr . Rockf ord , IL 6111 1

Kinsey, J ean University of 317 COB, 1994 St. Paul , MN

Mi nnesota Buford Ave. 55108

Kitt , Karrol Universi ty of Texas Home Economics, Gearing 30D Aus tin, TX 78712

Kocher , Leona A. Nor ther n I l l i nois University Human & Family Resources Dept . DeKalb , I L 60 115

Koehler , Christine Arizona St ate Univ er sity 542 W. 16th St . Tempe, AZ 85281

Krein, Sheila Fitzgerald Oregon Sta t e University 4655 N.W. Sal ishan Dr . Portland , OR 9722 9

xx

Kr oll , Rober t Rock Valley College Business Div./3301 N. Mulford Rd. Rockford , IL 61101

Kusey, Vicki Southwest Texas State University 603 Winburn Scher t z, TX 78154

Lalama, Jeanne Southwest Texas State University 705 River Rd., #2603 Colony Sq . San Marcos, TX 78666

Langr ehr , Fr ederick Br igham Young University 678 TNRB, School of Management Provo , UT 84602

Langrehr, Vir ginia Brigham Young Universit y 1000 SWKT Provo, UT 84602

Larr y , Earlene Un iversity of Arkansas Coop. Ext . Service , Box 4407 Pine Bluff , AR 71601

Lawrence , Frances C. Loui siana St ate University School of Home Economics Bat on Rouge, LA 70803

Lee , Stewart 11. Geneva College Dept. of Econ . & Beaver Falls , PA

Bus. Admi n . 15010

Lieurance, Pat University of Missouri 162 Stanley Hall Columbia , MO 65211

Lindamood, Suzanne Kansas St ate Univer sity Family Economi cs Dept. Manha ttan , KS 66506

Lippert, Alice A. 3539 S . Stafford St . Arl ington , VA 22206

Livesay , Kimberl y 3601 Manchaca , #120 Austin, TX 78704

Long , Denise M. University of Delaware 39 Oakwood Dr . Medford, NJ 08055

Longstreth, Mol l y University of Ar i zona School of Family & Consumer Resou rces Tucson, AZ 85704

Lown, Jean M. Utah State University Home Economics & Cons. Educ ./UMC 29 Logan, UT 84322

Luttrell, Janet M. North Texas Sta te University 900 Sun Valley Denton, TX 76201

Makela , C.J. Colorado State University Consumer Science & Housing Ft. Collins , CO 80523

Mammen, Sheila North Dakota State University 277E Home Economics Bldg. Fargo, ND 58105

Manning , Sarah L. State Univ . College 301 Caudell Hall, 1300 Elmwood Buffalo , NY 14222

Marlowe, Jul.ia Virginia Tech . Dept . of HIDM/218 Wallace Hall Blacksburg, VA 24061

Martinez, Janie M. Texas Woman ' s University P . O. Box 25363 Denton, TX 76204

Martinez, Nelida S. Cooperative Extension Service Pinero Bldg , Off . 006, College Sta . Mayaguez, PR 00708

Mason, Deirdre Ohio State University 2460 Adams Ave ., He Columbus, OH 43202

Mauldin, Teresa A. 5650 Roche Dr . , Apt . C Columbus, OH 43229

Mayer, Robert N. University of Utah 215 Emery Bldg. Salt Lake City , UT 84 112

Maynes, E. Scott Cornell University , Consumer Economics & Housing Ithaca, NY 14853

McEwen, Robert J . Boston College 140 Commonwealth Ave . Chestnut Hill, MA 02167

McGowan, Daniel Hobart College Geneva, NY 14456

xxi

McKinney , Carolyn The Ohio State University 1787 Neil Ave . Columbus , OH 43210

McRee , Mary Ellen Rider 411 W. Broadway Columbia , MO 65203

Meeks, Carol B. U. S.D . A. 500 12th St., SW, Room 494 GHI Washington, DC 20250

Merfeld; Michele University of Wyoming Home Ee . Extension , Box 3354 Laramie, WY 82071

Metzen, Edward J . University of Missouri 238 Stanley Hall Columbia , MO 65211

Miller, Nancy H. University of Wisconsin School of Fam . Res. & Cons . Sci . Madison , WI 53706

Mitchell , Glen VPI & SU 206 Human Resources Annex Blacksburg , VA 24061

Mohr , Lillian H. Florida State University Center for Econ . Education Tallahassee , FL 32306

Monsma, Charles Eastern Michigan University Dept. of Political Science Ypsilanti , MI 48197

Moon , Chung-Sook Kansas State University Family Economics , Justin Hall Manhattan, KS 66506

Moore, Karen L. Mississippi Coop . Extension P.O . Box 5405 Mississippi State, MS 39762

Morgan, James University of Michigan 1217 Bydding Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48 103

Morrell-Quint , Emily 814 Brookwood, #103 Oklahoma City , OK 73139

Morrow, Phoebe M. VPI & SU Clothing & Textil es Dept . Blacksburg , VA 24061

Morse, Richard L. D. Kansas State University Dept. of Family Economics Manhattan , KS 66506

Nelson, Margar et E. University of Wisconsin 1300 Linden Dr . Madison, WI 53706

Norton, Marjorie Virginia Tech. Dept. of Cl othing & Textiles Blacksburg, VA 24061

Norum, Pamel a S. Uni versity of Missouri Dept. of Clothing & Textiles Columbia, MO 65211

Olson, Geraldine Oregon State Univer sity School of Home Economics Corvallis , OR 97331

Palmer, Teresa M. I l linois State University Dept . of Business Educ . & Admin. Svcs . Normal, IL 61761

Passero , Bill Bureau of Labor Statis tics 600 E St reet, N. W. Washington , DC 20212

Paynter , MaryAnn University of Illinois 528 Bevier Hall , 905 S. Goodwin Urbana, IL 61801

Peck, Caludia J . Oklahoma St a t e University 442 HEW Stillwater , OK 74078

Peterson, Audrey L. University of Montana Dept . of Home Economics Missoula, MT 59812

Peterson , Esther 7714 Thirteenth St ., N.W. Washington, DC 20012

Piernot, Bonnie 1507 Bamwick Dr. Houston, TX 77090

Pollock , Francis P . O. Box 250 Saylorsburg , PA 18353

Prather, Carol e G. Kansas Sta t e University 2512 Dipper Lane Manhattan, KS 66502

Pritchard , Mary E. R.R. Box 103A Hinckley, IL 60520

xx ii

Prochaska-Cue, Kathy Univer s ity of Nebraska 116 Home Economics Lincoln, NE 68583

Reagan, Shirley P . Louisiana Tech . University College of Home Economics Ruston, LA 71272

Redeker, Deborah Ann 123/100 Continental Dr . Athens , GA 30605

Redeker , Norma J. University of Arizona Family & Consumer Resources Tucson, AZ 85721

Richardson, Grace Chesebrough-Ponds 33 Benedic t Pl ace Greenwich, CT 06830

Riggs, Channing W. Nestl e Coord. Ctr . for Nutrition 1120 Connecticut Ave ., #310 Washington, DC 20002

Riney, Bobye June North Texas State University Box 5248 NTSU Station Denton , TX 75065

Rogers , K.H. Shell Oil Co . P.O . Box 2463 Hous ton, TX 77001

Rudd , Joel University of Arizona School of Family & Consumer Resources Tucson , AZ 85721

Rudd , Nancy M. The Ohio State University Home Management & Housing Columbus , OH 43210

Sanik , Margare t M. The Ohio State University Home Management & Housing Columbus , OH 43210

Sasser , Sue Lynn Federal Rserve Bank of Dallas Public Affairs Dept ., Station K Dallas , TX 75222

Schni ttgrund , Karen University of California 12 Cooper ative Extension Annex Riverside, CA 92521

Schram, Vicki Universit y of I llinois Family & Consumer Economics/274 Bevier Urbana, IL 61801

Scott , El aine D. University of Vermont 208 Terrill Hall Burlington, VT 05401

Selnick, Donna California State University Home Economics, 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819

Sencindiver, Cynthia The Ohio State University 4765 Lodgelane Dr. Columbus, OH 43229

Seward, Victoria University of Wisconsin 5130 Churchill, #7 Middleton, WI 53562

Sheehan, Daria Chesebrough-Ponds 33 Benedict Place Greenwich, CT 06830

Shuter, Emily K. Oklahoma State University 512 E. Tyler Stillwater, OK 74075

Sienty, Sarah East Texas State University Home Economic s Dept. Commerce, TX 75428

Simon, Alice E. The Ohio State University 1007 McNaughten Rd . Columbus, OH 43213

Simons, Cathy Southwest Texas State University 1703 IH 35N ncc5 San Marcos, TX 78666

Slusher, Barbara University of Missouri 238 Stanley Hall Columbia , MO 65211

Smith, Marjorie Texas Agric. Extension 213 Spec. Svcs. , Texas A & M Univ. College St ation , TX 77843

Sproles, George University of Arizona Family & Consumer Resources Tucson, AZ 85721

Stafford, Kathryn The Ohio Sta te University 1787 Neil Ave . Columbus, OH 43210

Stein, Karen University of Delaware Alison Hall/Dept. TDC Newark, DE 19716

Stock, Suzanne Kraft, Inc. Kraft Court Glenview, IL 60025

xx iii

Sugden, Marilyn University of Nebraska Coop Ex tension Rt. 4, Box 46A North Platte, NE 69101

Sullivan, Helen J. University of Maryland 2100 Marie Mount Hall College Park, MD 20742

Sundling, Betty J . Arkansas Coop Extension P.O. Box 391 Little Rock, AR 72203

Swagler, Roger University of Georgia Dawson Hall Athens, GA 30602

Swartzlander, Anne Mississippi State University Home Economics, Drawer HE Mississippi State, MS 39762

Tanner, Bonnie 0. U. S .D.A •. Extension Service Home Ee ., Room 3443-S Washington, DC 20250

Terry, Patsy C. Army Community Services Bldg. 104 Ft . Hood, TX 76544

Thirlwell, John 105a Hamilton Terrace London, NW8 ENGLAND

Thomas , Natalie University of Alaska Coop Extensi on, Family Resource Mgmt. Fairbanks, AK 99701

Tracy , Tammara Kansa s State University 1016 N. Juliet te Manhattan, KS 66502

Trujillo, Judith American Soybean Assn . P.O. Box 27300, 777 Craig Rd. St. Louis , MO 63141

Tsukamoto, Hiroe Kansas State University 913 Vattier, Ill Manhattan, KS 66502

Turner , Pamela R. 722 Fair Oaks, #2332 Dallas, TX 75231

Ursic, Michael University of Florida Marketing Dept./205 Matherly Gainesville, FL 32611

Van Arsdale, Mary G. 453 Van Emburgh Ave. Ridgewood, NJ 07450

Voege, Janis Central Michigan University 209 Wightman Hall, Dept. of Home Economics Mt. Pleasant , MI 48859

Vosburgh, Richard E. Universi ty of Guelph Dept. of Consumer Studies Guelph , ON CANADA Nl G 2Wl

Waddell, Fred E. Loui siana State University School of Home Economics Baton Rouge, LA 70813

Wadley, Carma Deser et News P .O. Box 1257 Salt Lake City, UT 84110

Walker, Katey Kansas State Univers i ty Home Economics Extension Manhattan, KS 66506

Walker, Rosemar y Michigan Stat e University Family & Child Ecology East Lansing , MI 48823

Warland, Rex H. Penn St ate Un ive rs i ty 204 Weaver Bldg. University Park, PA 16802

Weagley , Rober t O. University of Missour i Family Econ . & Mgmt . , 239 Stanl ey Columbia, MO 65211

Welch , Jere 4216 Lincoln Swing , #7 Ames , IA 5001 0

Wendel , Matthew Southwest Texas State University Box 335, 5503 7th St. Danbury, TX 77534

Wes t, Monica 2167 Highla nd Rd ., #201 Dallas, TX 75228

xx iv

White, Lynne M. State Uni v . College of New York 1300 Elmwood Ave. Buffalo , NY 14222

Widdows, Richard Purdue University Cons. Sci. & Retlg ./Matthews Hall West Lafayette, IN 47 907

Wieland, Jacquelyn Oklahoma St ate University 3602 N. Washington, H-62 Stillwa ter , OK 74075

Wilhelm, Mari S. Univer sity of Arizona College of Ag .-Home Economics Tucson, AZ 85721

Williams, Sue E. Oklahoma State Uni versi ty 147 HEW Stillwat er , OK 74078

Williamson, I r ene K. Williamson Int ernational 1414 Ave. of the Americas , 14-A New York, NY 10019

Wolfe, Betty Ann Cooperative Extension Service P.O . Box 7 Marshfield, MO 65706

Wolfe, Jerri Oregon Stat e University 1754 Grant Circle Corvallis , OR 97330

Wooten-Swanson, Patti Westmon t College , Career Dev . 955 La Paz Rd . Santa Barbara, CA 93108

Zelenak , Mel University of Missouri 238 Stanley Hall Columbia, MO 65211

Zick , Cathl een D. University of Utah Dept . of Fami l y & Cons. Studies Salt Lake City, UT 84112