American History FINAL EXAM Part III

Nazi Party

• National Socialist German Workers' Party/between 1919 and 1945

• Adolf Hitlerleads from 1921–1945

Munich Pact• Also known as the

Munich Agreement • The agreement was

negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany

• The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the Sudetenland in the face of territorial demands made by Adolf Hitler .

• Hitler gets the Sudetenland!--Appeasement

The United States helped Great Britain and the allies by lending weapons and military equipment

Lend Lease Act

Allies Members after Dec. 1941

Great BritainFrance Soviet UnionUnited StatesChina

THE 32 N D PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATESELECTED FOR FOUR TERMS

THE NEW DEALPRESIDENT DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION

& WWII1933-1945

FDR

Harry Truman

• FDR’s vice president

•Became the 33rd president after FDR’s death

•He gave the command to drop the atomic bomb on Japan which ended WW2

•Promoted the Fair Deal and supported wage increases and desegregated the military

ATOMIC BOMBChapter 28-29

Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A result of Pearl Harbor August 6th, 1945, “little Boy”

dropped on Hiroshima by American B-29, the Enola Gay

August 9th, 1945, “fat man” dropped on Nagasaki by American B-29, Bockscar

People who survived the bombs later suffered from effects of radiation from the bomb

Neville ChamberlainChapter 28-29

Born 1869-Died 1940 British Conservative politician Served as Prime Minister of the

United Kingdom 1937-1940 Best known for his appeasement

foreign policy Signed the Munich Agreement in

1938, conceding the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany

Winston ChurchillChapter 28-29

Born 1874-Died 1965 British politician Best known for his leadership of the

United Kingdom during WWII One of the greatest wartime leaders

of the 20th Century Served as Prime Minister twice,

1940-45 and 1951-55 Was also an officer in the British

Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist.

Battle of BritainChapter 28-29

Known as “air Battle for England” or “Air Battle of Great Britain”

Second World War air Campaign

Waged by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) on major cities in England

Against the United Kingdom during the summer and Autumn of 1940

The use of radar by the British stops the German attacks

Fall Of France

•In June, 1940, France fell to Germany

•This was really bad because Great Britain was the only allied country left in Europe.

Charles DeGaulle

•Leader of France

•Originally a sales man

•The leader of Free France during World War 2

•Liberated Paris in August 1944

Joseph Stalin•Leader of the Soviet Union in World War 2

•Undertook campaign of industrialization, which hurt his people as much as it helped them

•Called the 5 year plan,”Collectivization” and was devastating to the population

•Supported the Allies in WW2

Robert Oppenheimer

•Taught at the university of California and the California institute of technology from 1929-1947.

•Responsible for collecting, coordinating, and leading the team that developed the first atomic bomb.

Field Marshall Rommel• German Tank Commander

•One of the greatest military leaders for the Germans in World War II

General Ike Eisenhower • Named U.S. commander of the

European theater of operations.

• He commanded U.S. forces in the North Africa & became chief of all Allied forces in North Africa.

• Successfully directing the invasions of Sicily (July, 1943) and Italy (Sept.)

• Then was called (Dec.) to England to be supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force.

• He was largely responsible for D-day ---the cooperation between the British, American, and other forces and for the integration of land, sea, and air forces in the great battle for the European continent.

General Patton

• Considered one of the most successful combat generals in U.S history

• he was the first officer assigned to the Tank Corps in WWI.

• During WWII, he helped lead the Allies to victory in the Invasion of Sicily, and Battle of the Bulge also he was instrumental to the liberation of Germany from the Nazis.

• He died on December 21, 1945 in Heidelberg, Germany.

General George Marshall

• U.S. Army Chief of Staff during WWII

• the highest ranking U.S. Army officer

• Eventually creates Marshall Plan

General Douglas Macarthur

Born (26 January 1880 – 5 April 1964

Douglas MacArthur was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army who was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s

He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines campaign

WWII led the Army in the Pacific and worked with Admiral Nimitz of the Navy.

Hideki Tojo Born 30 December 1884 –

23 December 1948 He was a general of the

Imperial Japanese Army. 40th Prime Minister of Japan

during most of World War II, from 17 October 1941 to 22 July 1944.

He was responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor.

After the end of the war Tojo was arrested and sentenced to death for Japanese war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.

Emperor Hirohito Born 29 April 1901 – 7 January

1989. Born in the Aoyama Palace in

Tokyo. He 124th Emperor of Japan

according to the traditional order. Emperor during WWII.

in Japan he is now referred to primarily by his posthumous name Emperor Showa.

At the start of his reign, Japan was already one of the great powers. The ninth largest economy in the world after Italy.

Chaing Kai Shek Born October 31, 1887 – April

5, 1975 Chiang led China in the

Second Sino-Japanese War. A major split between the

Nationalists and Communists occurred in 1927.

Chiang was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT) or Nationalist Party.

He became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy.

Chapter 28 Genocide

•Genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. •The mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime led by Hitler was known as the holocaust, which contained genocide.

Chapter 28/29

Austria & Czechoslovakia• Austria & Czechoslovakia was taken over by Germany without a fight.• A war was not started because Great Britain and France did not want to repeat

World War 1.• Hitler took over these two countries because he wanted to expand land

towards the East.

Chapter 28/29

NYE Committee• NYE Committee was also known as the Special Committee on

Investigation of the Munitions Industry.• The committee was established 1934 under the leadership of South Dakota

Senator, Gerald Nye.• They investigated the structure, activities, and profits of the munitions

industry and why the U.S. entered World War 1.• The theory was that big businesses conspired America to enter the

WWI so that they could make money selling war materials.

Chapter 28/29

U.S. Neutrality Acts • U.S. Neutrality Acts were created

toward keeping the United States out

of another war.

• Banned shipment of war materiel to belligerents at the discretion of the President and by forbidding U.S. citizens from traveling on belligerent vessels except at their own risk.

• Established in 1930s

AppeasementTo surrender, or give someone

what they want, to avoid conflict.

Axis Power Members

Tojo (Japan) Hitler (Germany)

Mussolini Tojo Hitler

Blitzkrieg

a swift intensive military attack meant to defeat the enemy very quickly

Nuremberg Laws

Jews of Germany were restricted to a never-ending series of discriminatory laws

German Jews can’t go to school with Germans, can’t marry Germans, can’t own businesses etc.

Pearl Harbor

• December 7, 1941 Japan had a surprise attack against America at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Japanese American Relocation Camps

• Americans were afraid of Japanese after Pearl Harbor because they attacked America,

• so the Japanese Americans were sent to internment camps.

• Camps located in the west, usually in desert climates.

Women in the War: Rosie the Riveter

• Women were the secret weapon during WWII taking the factory jobs of men and producing weapons, tanks, airplanes, and ships

Stalingrad

• July 17, 1942 – February 2, 1943

• Turning point of WWII for Europe

• Germany and its allies invaded the Soviet Union and the Soviets put the Germans on the retreat out of Russia.

D. Day• June 6, 1944 on beaches

of Normandy, France• Largest Amphibious

landing in one area to invade.

• Turning point of war for allies- allies pushed the Germans back and forced them to retreat out of France

WWII

Battle of the Bulge

• Last battle by the allies and Germany and leads to the Germans losing World War II

• Took place in Belgium during the winter of 1944

WWII

United Nations

• 26 nations joined together to agree to fight the Axis Powers in 1941

• Officially came into existence in 1945 when signed by 50 countries that agreed to keep peace

WWII

Creation of Israel

• Created in 1948 by David Ben-Gurion

• Safe place for the Jewish people from Europe to go after the Holocaust

WWII

Chapter 30 Cold War

• 1945-1989• Between U.S. and

Soviet Union• War where no

missiles were launched, but was between sports, spies, spaceships, and technical advances

Chapter 30

Gary Powers• 1929-1977• May 1,1960- flew the

U-2 over Soviet Union• Plane was shot down• Powers was captured

and confessed to his activities

• Brought down 13 hundred miles inside Soviet Union

Chapter 30

Mao Zedong

• Takes over China in 1949

• Ruler of Communist China

• Led the struggle through the north

Chapter 30

Nikita Khrushchev•  Chairman of the Council of

Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964

• Established more open form of communism in the U.S.S.R

• Provoked Cuban missile crisis and oversaw building of Berlin Wall

• Cuban missile crisis- Khrushchev agrees to dismantle the missile bases under United Nations if U.S. doesn’t invade Cuba

Election of 1948Is considered to be the greatest American upset in American history.

It was announced in the papers that Dewey won but in all actuality Truman won.

This election confirmed the democratic party’s status as the nations majority party.

Fair Deal Truman’s Fair Deal

recommended that all Americans have health insurance, that the minimum wage be increased, and that, by law, all Americans be guaranteed equal rights.

Congress rejected the health insurance even though they did raise minimum wages.

An employment segregation law was passed for equal rights as well.

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine was

a warning clearly made to the USSR, even though their name was not mentioned, that the US would intervene to support any nation that was being threatened to be taken over by the Soviet Union.

Marshall Plan• The Marshall Plan (officially the European

Recovery Program, ERP) was the American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism.

• The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild a war-devastated region, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again.

• The initiative was named after Secretary of State George Marshall

NATO• North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Founded in 1949• The first big members were the United

States, France, and Great Britain

Warsaw Pact • Created in 1955 • military treaty, in

which it bound the other countries that signed it to supply aid to the other countries if the are attacked

• Was a response to NATO by the Soviet Union

Senator McCarthy- the Red Scare

• Served as the senator for the state of Wisconsin

• Republican • Started the Red Scare,

which was when Americans thought everyone else was a communist

• Accused several high ranking officials of being communist

Korean War 1950-1953“The Forgotten War”

• Started in 1950, North Korea invades South Korea

• The United States went in for the goal of stopping communism

• The fighting ended in 1953, but it ended were it began

•Separated North Korea and South Korea

•North Korea was Communist

•South Korea was anti communist/democratic

•Result of Korean War

•Strategy for containment

•Stop communism aggression from hitting Southeast Asia

•Belief was if one country became communist in Asia it would create a chain reaction

•Korean war and Vietnam war are examples

•Americans are trying to keep Communism

from spreading to other countries