American History Chapter 19: The Cold War

III. The Korean War

Objectives

• How di the Communist expansion in Asia set the stage for the Korean War?

• Who fought in the Korean War, and what were the three stages of the war?

• What were the effects of the Korean War?

Bell Ringer

• Domino effect of communist. What is it?

• What do we know about Korea today?

A) Communist Expansion in Asia

• The Chinese Civil War – Nationalist led buy Jiang Jieshi captured Beijing – the Communists led by Mao Zedong captured Shanghai – civil war

• Jiang was harsh, high taxes, corruption• Mao – offered peasants schooling and

health care (Long March 653)• After WWII – Communist pushed the

Nationalists to Taiwan

• Dividing Korea – After WWII – Korea divided on the 38th parallel

14)38th Parallel: division line between North and South Korea

• Communist government established in North and pro-American government in South.

B) The Korean Conflict

15)Korean War – between North and South Korea with US involvement

• Truman thought WWIII would start• Truman asked the UN to declare North

Korea the aggressor – USSR not there – passed unanimously – UN Police Action

• US not declare war - resolution• UN and 16 nations asked US to lead the

fight – US 80% of troops – UN force

C) Waging the War

• North Koreans pushed the South to the tip of the peninsula at Pusan.

• MacArthur landed troops at Inchon and attacked from behind.

• Pushed troops all the way to Chinese border – ignored Chinese threat and kept going – China attacked and pushed MacArthur back to 38th parallel

• MacArthur wanted Taiwan to attack China – sent a letter to the House minority leader attacking Truman – letter made public – MacArthur fired

• Peace treaty finally in 1953 by Eisenhower

1)Communist invasion of South Korea

2)UN forces drive NK back3)Stalemate as China enters

war.

D) The Effects of the Korean War

• 54,000 US soldiers killed.

• Korean war first war with de-segregated army

• Huge military budget – 50%

16)military-industrial complex – military industry, scientific development, and research community that employed 3.5 million Americans

Review

• How did Communist expansion I Asia set the stage for the Korean War?

• Who fought in the Korean War, and what were the 3 stages of the war?

• What were the effects of the Korean War?