alternate fuels for ci engine 2003

7/27/2019 Alternate Fuels for CI Engine 2003

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Presented by,

Vaman A. Shenoy,

Mem b er , AC ME

Alternate Fuels for IC Engine :

Ethanol & Hydrogen


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Index:

Abstract

Introduction

Ethanol Why ethanol? Use of ethanol in IC engines

Modification required for using ethanol

Results and discussions

Hydrogen Hydrogen in internal combustion engines

Conclusion


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INTRODUCTION

Alternative energy technologies can provide a hedge

against rising fuel prices.

Emission-free orEco- Friendly.

An additional environmental benefit could be the

"brightfields" concept.

Strict emissions norms like EURO NORMS, BHARAT

NORMS, KYOTO PROTOCOL etc.

Increased demand for petroleum products.


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ETHANOL

Most promising option for countries like India.

Availability from agriculture products.

Basic methods of usage:

Injection of ethanol with inlet airusing carburetion

Emulsion of diesel and ethanol


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Why ethanol?

Can be produced in large quantities at low

costfrom these molasses.

Its high oxygen contentimproves the

combustion characteristics.

It also reduces harmful emissions from ICengines such as sulphur-di-oxide, oxides of

nitrogen, particulate emissions.


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Use of ethanol in IC engines

Blend formation

Dual injection

Spark ignition

Ignition improvers

Surface ignition

Fumigation


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Blend formation:

The easiest methodby which ethanol could be

used is in the form ofdiesel ethanol blend.

But ethanol has limited solubilityin diesel [

typically 20%]

Major Drawbacks:

Cost of emulsifiers.

Poor low temperatures physical properties.


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Dual injection:

Nearly 90% Displacement of diesel by ethanol is

possible.

The drawback of this method includes the complexity

and expense of a second injection system and a

second fuel tank and system.

Spark ignition:

Provides a way of displacing 100% of diesel.

A spark plug and the associated ignition system

components must be added to the engine.


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Ignition improvers:

Increase cetane numbers sufficiently with ignition

improving additives to ensure that compressionignition will occur.

Saves the expense and complexity of engine

components changes, but adds fuel costs.

Surface ignition:

Surface ignition occurs when the temperature of the

air-fuel mixture adjacent to a hot surface exceeds its

self-ignition limit.


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Ethanol is introduced into engine by carbureting

or vaporizing the ethanol into the intake stream.

Requires addition of a carburetor or vaporizer

along with a separate fuel tank, lines and

controls.

Emergence of electronic injection techniques

the fumigation technique has been made

possible by using an injector in the intake

Fumigation:


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Modification required for using

ethanol

Modification like hot surface ignition,

continuously operated glow plugs, spark plugs,

fuel additives, exhaust gas re-circulation,

diesel injection, special piston design likeSonex combustion system (SCS), intake air

heating either by controls on flow from

turbocharger or by electric heater are some of

the successful methods by which the best

performance and also higher percentage of

energy replacement are achieved.


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Results and discussions:

It is observed from

the graph that the

engine runningwith ethanol

shows higher

brake thermal

efficiencywhencompared with

engine running

with diesel.


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Results and discussions:

The variation of

TFC with power of

the engineoperated with

diesel and

substitution of

diesel with ethanolby fumigation and

emulsification is

shown in the

graph.


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HYDROGEN

Hydrogen is a clean fuel because water is the

product after combustion in an internal

combustion engine.

NOx produced is still less than that from

petrol/diesel internal combustion engines.


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Hydrogen in IC engines

Research shows that Hydrogen can replace

Fossil fuels.

With the introduction of Hydrogen fuel cell

technology, the use of internal combustionengines may be phased out.

The volumetric efficiency of Hydrogen is

roughly five times lowerthan petrol. This iswhy Hydrogen must be compressed if there is

to be a useful amount of energy.


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Hydrogen cars generally use the Hydrogen

in one of the two methods:

Combustion Fuel-cell conversion

In combustion, Hydrogen is burnt in

engines in traditionally the same method

as traditional gasoline cars.

In fuel-cell conversion, the Hydrogen is

converted into electricitythrough fuel cells

which then powers electric motors.


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With either method, the only byproduct is

water.

Some Hydrogen cars use the common

internal combustion engine, usually fueled

with gasoline or diesel liquids, can be

converted to run on gaseous Hydrogen. The most efficient use of Hydrogen

involves the use of fuel cells and electric

motors instead of a traditional engine.Hydrogen reacts with oxygen inside the

fuel cells, which produces electricity to

power the motors.


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Research and Innovation

The first Hydrogen refueling station was opened in

Reykjavik, Iceland on April 2003

In 2005, an Israeli company claimed it succeededin conquering most of the problems related to

producing Hydrogen internal combustion engine

by using a device called a Metal-Steam

combustor. Research is ongoing at companies like BMW,

Hyundai, and Nissan, among many others.


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A few examples

Hondas firstFCX with Home Hydrogen Refueling.

Hydrogen postmans bike.


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The BMW Hydrogen 7

Series IC Engine

[135KW power output]

The hydrogen internal

combustion engine

inside a bus.


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CONCLUSION

In conclusion finally it can be inferred that

hydrogen is the best and efficient alternate

fuel for engines. Clean and high efficiency.

Only drawback at present is handling and

storage problem.


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References:

Michael Frank Hordesky, Alternative Fuels: The

future of hydrogen.

David Blume and Richard Buckminster Fuller, David

Blumes Alcohol can be fuels!.

alternate fuels for ci engine 2003

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