all on bible
TRANSCRIPT
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7 ideas for
enriching Bible
understanding
The Bible is a rich library
to be savoredover a lifetime.
Prof. Lakshman Madurasinghe
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Place yourself in the shoes of those whoread those documents for the first time
The aim of good Biblical interpretation
is simple: to get at theplain
meaning of the text.
-- Gordon Fee TIP
A Bible passage willnot mean what it
never meant.Howdo we do that?
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As we approach the Bible we must deal
with . . .
1. The historical gap between
Bible times and today.
We do not live in 800 B.C.
We dont even live in 33 A.D.
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As we approach the Bible we must realize deal with . . .
1. The historical gap
2. Social and cultural gapsWe are not Jews, nor
do we live in
agrarian Mediterranean society
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As we approach the Bible text, we must deal with . . .
1. The historical gap
2. Social and cultural gaps
3. Language differencesWe arent reading the Bible in the original
languages in which Jesus, Moses, Paul and others
wrote.
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As we approach the Bible text, we must deal with . . .
1. A historical gap
2. Social and cultural gaps
3. Language differences
4. Hand copied
manuscripts
None of the originalmanuscriptswritten by Paul or Moses or
Isaiah have been found.
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Qumran Wadiwith series ofcaves
Below: Cave 4 contained15,000 fragments from
580 documents
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As we approach the Bible text, we must deal with . . .1. A historical gap
2. Social and cultural gaps
3. Language differences
4. Copied manuscripts
5. Incremental (or unfolding) divine
revelationWe have the entire Bible; Joshua, for example, only
had the material in the first five books.
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As we approach the Bible text, we must deal with . .1. The historical gap
2. Social and cultural gaps
3. Language differences
4. Copied manuscripts
5. Incremental revelation and growth of human understanding
6. A variety of literarygenre (types)
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Bible literary types (genre)
History
Laws
Biography
Riddles
Drama Poetry
Letters
Parables
Wisdom
Apocalypses
Sermons
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As we approach the Bible text, we must deal with . .1. The historical gap
2. Social and cultural gaps
3. Language differences
4. Copied manuscripts5. Incremental revelation and growth of human understanding
6. A variety of literarygenre or types
7. Its divine inspirationThe Bible is at the same time both human and divine.
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Interpretation of the Bible is shaped by
the tension between:
1. Eternal relevance(Gods Word never changes!)
2. Historical particularity(anchored in time)
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Key Biblical Themes
The Bible revealsthe eternal design
of Almighty God to redea wrecked andruined world.
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1. Covenant
Covenant = agreement
Testament -- from Greek word chosen to
translate the Hebrew word forcovenantGod>s commitment to make creation
succeed
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Covenant symbols
Passover and Communion --
symbolic remembering of the establishment of
a divine covenant
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2. Deliverance or
RedemptionNoah and the Flood
The Exodus event
Jonah and Nineveh
Jesus of Nazareth, the Messiah
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3. Law / Righteousness
God
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4. Eschatology / Hope
For the believer . . .
the future is about hope, not fear.
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Key Biblical Themes
1. Covenant
2. Deliverance / Redemption3. Law / Righteousness
4. Eschatology / Hope
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Authority of the Bible?
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03/02/08
1. Its internal claims to be
the Word of God
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2. Jesus and the Apostles quoted
OT writings as authoritative
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3. Historical church has used it
as Gods inspired recordof Himself and of His will
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Nazarene statement on
inspiration of the BibleWe believe in the plenary inspiration of the
Holy Scriptures, by which we understand
the 66 books of the Old and NewTestaments, given by divine inspiration,
inerrantly reveal the will of God concerning
us in all things necessary to our salvation
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4. History and archaeology
confirm it
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5. Fulfilled prophecies
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6. Remarkable unity and
coherence
40 authors
Took 1500 years to write
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7. Its life-transforming power
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8. Has answers to lifes ultimate
questions
What is the Ultimate Reality?
What is a human being?
What happens after death?What is the meaning of human history?
What determines right and wrong?
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Inspiration
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Inspiration
American Heritage Dictionary:
2. Stimulation of the mind or emotions to a high
level of feeling or activity.
3. An agency, such as a person or work of art, that
moves the intellect or emotions or prompts
action or invention.
4. Something, such as a sudden creative act or idea,that is inspired.
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Inspiration
The quality of inspiring or exalting: apainting full of inspiration.
Divine guidance or influence exerteddirectly on the mind and soul ofhumankind.
The act of drawing in, especially the
inhalation of air into the lungs.
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Inspiration
Sine qua non
of evangelical theology
The watershed issue of
contemporary evangelism
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Inspiration
2 Tim. 3:16-17
All Scripture is inspiredby God and profitable for
teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in
righteousness; so that the man of God may be adequate,equipped for every good work.
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Inspiration
qeo,pneustoj =
qeo,j (theos) pneustoj (pneustos)
Lit. God breathed
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Inspiration
2 Pet. 1:20-21
But know this first of all, that no prophecy
of Scripture is a matterof one's owninterpretation, for no prophecy was ever
made by an act of human will, but men
moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God.
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Inspiration
Refers to the
interpretation of therevelation to the author
so that he might write
the Scriptures correctly.
Refers to the
interpretation of therevelation to the readers
so that they might read
the Scriptures correctly.
Correct InterpretationWrong Interpretation
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Inspiration
fero,menoi (pheromenoi)
Lit: to carry, to bear, to guide, or to
drive along. Used of a ship being carried by the wind
(Acts 27:17).
Passive participle.
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Theories of Inspiration
Intuition /Natural: Certain people were extremelygifted through their natural God-given abilities towrite Scripture. (Man)
Illumination/Mystical: The Holy Spirit movedwithin certain individuals to write above theirnatural capacity. (Man)
Mechanical/Dictation: God simply used the hand of
man topassively write His words. (God)
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Theories of Inspiration
Partial: Some of Scripture is inspired, not all.
Namely, that which is profitable for
doctrine, matters of faith and practice.Matters of history and science are not
included because they are irrelevant to
Gods purpose. (50% Man, 50% God)
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Theories of Inspiration
Degree: All Scripture is inspired, but some are more
inspired than others. (90 % God, 10% Man). The
days of creation narrative was written in
accommodating language, a sort of baby-talk(Alister McGrath, Christian Theology, 211).
Verbal, Plenary: All Scripture is inspired by God
who utilized the human element within man toaccomplish this without error. (100% Man, 100%
God)
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Theories of Inspiration
See notes for chart.
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Where Does Inspiration Lie?
1. Mind of God?
2. Mind of the Author?
3. Written Words?
4. Message?
5. Message Proclaimed?
6. Message Received?
7. Message Received
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1. God1. God
3. Mind3. Mind
of theof the
AuthorAuthor
4. Written Words5. Message
6. Message Proclaimed
g
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Inspiration
Biblical Docetism: the evangelical heresy
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InspirationExamples of the Human
Element within Scripture:1.Emotion: Psalms, Roman
9
2.GrammaticalDifferences: Hebrewsand John
3.Grammatical Errors:Romans 5
4.PhenomenologicalLanguage: Josh 10:13
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Inspiration
Definition: The supernatural act in which
God guided the writers of Scripture giving
them His words all the while utilizing thehuman element within man to produce the
Scriptures without error.
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Inspiration
Inspiration is . . .
Verbal: Extends to the very words of
Scripture, not just teachings.Plenary: Extends to everything in the Bible,
not just parts that speak on matters of faith
and practice.
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Inerrancy
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Inerrancy
Definition: The doctrinal teaching that the
Scripture in the autographa (original
manuscript) is true in all that it teaches.
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Inerrancy
Deductive Defense:
Premise 1: God is truthful and therefore beyond
error (2 Sam 7:28; Titus 1:2; Heb 6:18).
Premise 2: God is the author of Scripture (2 Tim
3:16; 2 Pet 1:20-21).
Conclusion: Scripture is truthful and therefore
beyond error.
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Objection # 1 (deductive)
To err is human
Premise 1: Human beings err.
Premise 2: The Bible is a human book.Conclusion: The Bible errs.
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Objection #1 (deductive)
Response
Premise 1: Human beings err.
Premise 2: Christ is a human being.Conclusion: Christ errs.
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Objection #1 (deductive)
The fallacy of this argument lies in premise
that to err is human.
Human beings musterr.
Human being can err.
Error is not a foregone necessity of humanity.
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Objection #1 (deductive)
Christ
100% human 100% God
Scripture100% human 100% God
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
The Bible contains errors.
Therefore, the Bible errs.
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
Alleged Error #1
2 Sam. 10:18 vs. 1 Chron. 19:18
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
1 Chronicles 19:18
The Arameans fled
before Israel, and
David killed of theArameans 7,000
charioteers and 40,000
foot soldiers, and put
to death Shophach thecommander of the
army.
2 Samuel 10:18
But the Arameans fled
before Israel, and
David killed 700charioteers of the
Arameans and 40,000
horsemen and struck
down Shobach thecommander of their
army, and he died
there.
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
Alleged Error #1 Solution:
Error in transcription
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
Alleged Error #2Matt. 28:2, Mark 16:5 vs. John 20:12, Luke 24:4
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
John 20:12
And she saw two
angels in white
sitting, one at the
head and one at the
feet, where the
body of Jesus hadbeen lying.
Mark 16:5 Entering
the tomb, they saw
a young man sitting
at the right, wearing
a white robe; and
they were amazed
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
Alleged Error #2 Solution:
Faulty Assumption
If there were two angels, there was also one.No contradiction is present. There is no rule
that the Gospel writer cannot differ in what
they choose to include.
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
Alleged Error #3Matt 26:34, 74-75; Mark 14:30, 72
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
Mark 14:30
And Jesus said to
him, "Truly I say to
you, that this very
night, before a
rooster crows
twice, you yourselfwill deny Me three
times.
Matthew 26:34
Jesus said to him,
"Truly I say to you
that this very night,
before a rooster
crows, you will
deny Me threetimes."
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Objection # 2 (inductive)
Alleged Error #3 Solution:
Faulty Assumption
One writer can be more detailed thananother.
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Inerrancy
Facts about inerrancy:2. The Bible does speak in accommodating language
(e.g. The sun went down).3. The Bible does use round numbers (7000 killed,instead of 6899).
4. The Bible does use free quotations (Old Testament inthe New).
5. The Bible does summarize (Sermon on the Mount is
longer in Mathew than in Luke).6. Consideration must be made of the genera of the
individual books (Proverbs 22:6).