Alicia BárcenaExecutive Secretary

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

PROGRESS IN REDUCING POVERTY

MDG 1 TARGET 1A

85%

Achievements and prospects for meeting MDG target 1

LATIN AMERICA (17 COUNTRIES): PROGRESS IN REDUCING EXTREME POVERTY BETWEEN 1990 AND 2008(Percentages)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of special tabulations of household surveys conducted in the respective countries. a The percentage of progress is calculated by dividing the reduction (or increase) in indigence, expressed in percentage points, observed in the period by half of the indigence rate for 1990. The broken lines represent the percentage of progress expected by 2008 (72%). The figures reflect a projection to 2008 for those countries whose most recent surrey is earlier than that year.b Urban areas.

MDG-1T-1A

• The region has made 85% of the gains necessary to meet the target, in 72% of the time allotted (18 of 25 years).

• If the rate of progress seen between 1990 and 2008 continues, Latin America will be on track to meet the target of halving extreme poverty

• The crisis has placed that achievement in jeopardy

• Less progress (63%) was made in reducing total poverty and the region is less likely to meet this more demanding target.

For the first time in the history of the region there were improvements in equality

MDG-1T-1A

• Besides growth, the decrease in poverty rates in the region was also stimulated by improvements in income distribution

• It is the first time in the history of the region that there are improvements in equality indicators

• The Gini Index improved between 3% and 10% in 10 out of 20 countries

• Income in poor households improved 20% (equalize to grow)

Conditional Cash Transfer Programs

MDG-1T-1A

PROGRESS IN REDUCING HUNGER

MDG 1 TARGET 1C

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (30 COUNTRIES): PROGRESS MADE IN REDUCINGUNDERNUTRITION BETWEEN 1990-1992 AND 2004-2006

(Percentages of progress towards the target)

The region produces 40% more food than its population needs, yet 45 million people lacked

sufficient food in 2004-2006

MDG-1T-1C

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of FAO, “The State of Food Insecurity in the World”, various years [date of reference: 23 November 2009].a Estimate on the basis of data from 2001-2003.b Information from ECLAC, Social Panorama of Latin America, 2008 (LC/G.2402-P), Santiago, Chile, 2008.c Average weighted by the population.

PROGRESS IN

ACHIEVING PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT AND DECENT

WORK

MDG 1 TARGET 1B

Between 1990 and 2008, the region showed gains in three of the four employment target indicators. The

exception is labour productivity, which has experience slow and volatile growth

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: TRENDS IN INDICATORS FOR MONITORINGTHE EMPLOYMENT TARGET, 1990/1992-2008

MDG-1T-1B

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of special tabulations of household surveys conducted in the relevant countries, and United Nations, Millennium Development Goals Indicators [online]a/ 26 countries, simple average, b/ 18 countries, weighted average, c/ 13 countries, simple average, d/ 13 countries, simple average.

PROGRESS IN

EDUCATION

MDG 2 TARGET 2A

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (36 COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES): NET ENROLMENT RATIO FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL AND GENDER PARITY INDEX, 2007-2008a, b

(Percentages and percentage ratios)

The region overall has achieved good access to primary schooling, but difficulties persist in the

progression and completion of the cycle

MDG-2T-2A

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) [online] http://www.uis.unesco.org.a Adjusted net enrolment ratio. b/ Data for Netherlands Antilles correspond to 2003; for Argentina and Turks and Caicos Island to 2005; and for Anguilla and Paraguay to 2006.

Secondary education: a more demanding target, but a necessary one

MDG-2T-2A

LATIN AMERICA (19 COUNTRIES): YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 20 TO 24 WHO HAVE COMPLETED SECONDARY EDUCATION AND GENDER PARITY INDEX, AROUND 2008 AND IMPROVEMENT SINCE 1990 a

(Percentages)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of special tabulations of household surveys conducted in the respective countries.a/ Improvement over the closest year available to 1990.

Examples of best practices in education

MDG-2T-2A

• The “Yes I Can” literacy programme• In Argentina, from 2003-2007: 500 literacy centers throughout the country,

3,500 students and over 6000 graduates

• The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela declared itself an “illiteracy-free" territory in 2005 following the implementation of the programme and some 1,482,543 adults learned to read and write

• The Abrazo programme in Paraguay• In 2008, 1,150 boys and girls alternated between an open centre and school

and 795 families were provided with support. As a result, 75% of the boys and girls enlisted in the programme stopped working in the streets; 25% spent fewer hours in the street; and more than 500 families benefited from income-generating alternatives and micro-credit.

• National strategies to incorporate ICTs into the educationa systems of the region

• Costa Rica was the first country to initiate a policy for ICTs in schools in 1988• Chile introduced Red Enlaces at the beginning of the 1990s• In the second half of the 1990s, Brazil created ProInfo and Mexico Red

Escolar, with an emphasis on the educational use of computers and the internet to support curricula

• In 2000, Argentina created Educar, the first national public educational portal in Latin America. This example was quickly replicated in other countries.

• Most, if not all Latin American countries have gradually implemented some sort of policy on ICTs in schools

• Uruguay’s CEIBAL Plan• Venezuela recently adopted Portugal’s Proyecto Magallanes

PROGRESS TOWARDS

GENDER EQUALITY: WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION, AUTONOMY

AND EMPOWERMENT

MDG 3 TARGET 3A

Types of autonomy Three pillars of gender equality and paritary

citizenship

MDG-3T-3A

The parity index reveals that gender equity is not an issue with respect to education

MDG-3T-3A

LATIN AMERICA (18 COUNTRIES): GIRL TO BOY ENROLMENT RATIO BY LEVEL OF SCHOOLING, 2007

(Percentages)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) on the basis of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS).

Women in parliament

MDG-3T-3A

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of United Nations, Millennium Development Goals Indicators database (2009), website of the Statistics and Economic Projections Division, http://millenniumindicators,un,org last updated: 14 July 2009, and information provided by the Inter-Parliamentary Union: http://www,ipu,org/wmn-e/world,htm

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: PROPORTION OF SEATS HELD BY WOMEN IN NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS, 2009

(Percentages)

PROGRESS TOWARDS

FULFILLING THE RIGHT TO HEALTH

MDGs 4, 5 AND 6

On average, the region has been making strides towards reducing child mortality, but many countries

will fall short of the target

MDG-4T-4A

LATIN AMERICA (36 COUNTRIES): CHILD MORTALITY RATES, 1990 AND 2009(Percentages)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of child mortality rates estimated by the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) / Population Division of ECLAC and data from the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (online).

7952

79

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Latin America and the CaribbeanThe CaribbeanLatin America

Trinidad and TobagoAruba

JamaicaSaint Vicente and the

Venezuela (Bol. Rep. of)Uruguay

ParaguayPanamaMartinica

Saint LuciaSuriname

Costa RicaColombia

Puerto RicoGuyana

BarbadosHonduras

French GuyanaUnited States Virgen Islands

BelizeBolivia (Plur. St. of)

HaitiArgentina

Dominican RepublicBrazil

BahamasChile

GuatemalaMexico

GuadalupeCuba

El SalvadorEcuador

PeruGrenada

Nicaragua

Percentage of progress

MDG-5T-5A

The countries of the region have made scant progress in reducing maternal mortality

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (26 COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES): MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO PER 100,000 LIVE BIRTHS, AROUND 2005 a

Source: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), “Health Situation in the Americas: Basic indicators”, 2007 and 2009.a Given the small number of deaths, the ratio for some countries does not conform to standards of reliability and precision. Ratiosgiven only for countries with more than 10,000 births per year.

New target 5B: achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

MDG-5T-5B

MDG-6T-6A,B

LATIN AMERICA

THE CARIBBEAN

HIV/AIDS rates have stabilized and universal access to antiretroviral treatment is possible, yet HIV is still a

leading cause of death, particularly in the Caribbean

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: ESTIMATES OF THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF HIV/AIDS, 1990-2008

Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2009.

MDG-6T-6C

Towards the eradication of Malaria in Suriname: a success story

MALARIA CASES IN SURINAME, 1999-2008

MALARIA MORTALITY RATE IN SURINAME

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Government of Suriname (2009), MDG Progress Report 2009, Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation/General Bureau of Statistic, November 2009.

PROGRESS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL

SUSTAINABILITY

MDG 7

MDG-7T-7A

Consumption of ozone-depleting substances has diminished considerably

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (29 COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES): CHANGEIN CONSUMPTION OF OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES ODS), 1990-2007

(Tons of ozone depletion potential (ODP) and percentages)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of United Nations,Millennium Development Goals Indicators database [online]

Advances and challenges in reaching MDG7

• Advances• The consumption of ozone depleting substances has decreased

significantly• The total coverage of protected areas has grown steadily over the

last decade• The region has made progress in expanding the coverage of drinking

water and sanitation services

• Challenges• The area covered by forests is decreasing in LAC. The deforestation

rate is double the global rate (-6.97% v. -3.07% respectively).• CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning and cement production

increased steadily. The bulk of CO2 emissions in the region are generated by land-use change.

• There is a lack of reliable information on specific issues essential to the region, such as water resources management, fisheries and endangered species. A systematic survey of information is needed.

• While the number of people living in slums declined in the period under analysis, the region is still home to more than 100 million people living in unacceptable conditions. ODM-7

M-7A, B, C, D

MDG-7T-7C

DRINKING WATER

SANITATION

The region has also made progress in expanding coverage of drinking water and sanitation services

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: POPULATION WITH ACCESS TO AN IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCE AND BETTER SANITATION, 1990-2006

(Percentages of the total population)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of United Nations,Millennium Development Goals Indicators database [online].

MDG 7 and climate change

MDG-7T-7A, B, C, D

PROGRESS TOWARDS

DEVELOPING A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR

DEVELOPMENT

MDG 8

MDG-8T-8A,B,C,D

The development of the digital divide

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: ICT ACCESS COMPAREDTO OTHER REGIONS OF THE WORLD

(Per 100 inhabitants)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of United Nations, Millennium Development Goals Indicators database [online] http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data.aspx, 2010

MDG-8T-8F

 

Telephone lines Cellular

telephones Internet users

1990 2000 2007 1995 2000 2007 1995 2000 2007

World average 9.8 16.0 19.0 1.6 12.1 50.3 0.7 6.5 20.6

Developed regions 42,4 55.1 47.6 7.8 47.8 100 3.9 29.9 63.5

Latin America and the Caribbean 6.3 14.6 17.9 0.8 12.2 67.0 0.1 3.9 25.7

Sub-Saharan Africa 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.1 1.7 22.9 0.1 0.5 3.7

East Asia 2.4 13.7 28.5 0.5 9.9 43.8 0.1 3.6 18.7

In sum

• The general balance for the region as a whole is relatively positive

• Nevertheless, there are countries – some, the poorer ones – that haven’t progressed enough, in particular in reducing extreme poverty, and there are others that will achieve that target but will still record high levels of poverty

• Inequality is still a central problem in the region• Need to advance towards a Fiscal Covenant• Need for the region to achieve a higher participation

in ODA flows

Alicia BárcenaExecutive Secretary

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean