alexander builds an empire
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Alexander Builds an Empire. Do Now. How di d the government of Athens change following the fall of the Thirty Tyrants? What caused the Greek city-states to become unstable?. The End of Greek Independence. Macedonia was an area north of the Greek city-states on the Balkan Peninsula. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Alexander Builds an Empire
Do Now
How did the government of Athens change following the fall of the Thirty Tyrants?
What caused the Greek city-states to become unstable?
The End of Greek Independence
Macedonia was an area north of the Greek city-states on the Balkan Peninsula.
The End of Greek Independence
Philip of Macedonia ended the independence of the Greek city-states.
The End of Greek Independence
In 338 B.C., Philip’s army fought Greek soldiers at the Battle of Chaeronea. The Macedonians were victorious, and King Philip claimed the Greek city-states.
The End of Greek Independence
He formed the League of Corinth to put an end to the constant fighting between the city-states.
The End of Greek Independence
Members of the league had to promise to support him and to agree to not fight any other member. All the major Greek city-states joined except Sparta.
Never!!
The End of Greek Independence
King Philip then set out to gain control of Persia, but he was killed before he could complete his plan.
The End of Greek Independence
His son Alexander, then 20 years old, rose to the throne in 336 B.C.
Alexander’s Teachers
From Aristotle, Alexander learned Greek philosophy and science. From his father, he learned how to rule and how to wage war.
Aristotle and Philip
Aristotle
Philip of Macedonia
The End of Greek Independence
Legends say that Alexander slept with both a dagger and a copy of Homer’s Iliad under his pillow.
The End of Greek Independence
He conquered Asia Minor, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and parts of Greece and India. His empire stretched from Greece all the way to the Indus Valley in ancient India.
The End of Greek Independence
He introduced the Greek language and spread Greek culture.
The End of Greek Independence
By 325 B.C., he had completed one of the most successful military campaigns in history.
The leader would soon be known to the world as Alexander the Great.
The End of Greek Independence
To rule many different peoples, Alexander adopted some of their customs and allowed them some degree of self-rule. This practice made people more willing to accept him as their new king.
The End of an Empire
Alexander had defeated an Indian army that had more than 200 war elephants.
The End of an Empire
Alexander wanted to conquer more of India, however, his soldiers refused to go on.
.
The End of an Empire
They had followed Alexander for more than 11,000 miles and had fought for eight years.
The End of an Empire
Disappointed, Alexander turned around, marched home, and began planning new conquests.
He fell ill with a fever, however, and died shortly before his thirty-third birthday.
Note
A legend says that before Alexander died, he was asked to name a successor. Alexander answered that the rule of the empire should go “to the strongest!”
The End of an Empire
No one leader proved strong enough to hold Alexander’s empire together. After his death, his generals fought each other for control.
The End of an Empire
This conflict caused the empire to split into separate kingdoms. The three largest of these – Macedonia, Syria, and Egypt – often fought with one another.
The End of an Empire
Even though his empire had ended, Alexander’s influence lived on for nearly 300 years after his death.
Greek culture spread eastward and into Egypt. For this reason, this period of time is called the Hellenistic Age, or Greeklike Age.
Alexandria: A Center of Learning
Alexandria, Egypt became the center of trade with Asia in goods as well as ideas.
Note
The lighthouse in Alexandria is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Alexandria: A Center of Learning
It grew into a multicultural city, or city with many cultures.
Alexandria: A Center of Learning
The following thinkers contributed to this time period:
Euclid
Did work in geometry, the study of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids. He is sometimes called the father of geometry.
Euclid
Eratosthenes
Used mathematics, including geometry, to estimate, quite closely, Earth’s diameter and circumference.
Hypatia
She was an Egyptian mathematician and philosopher who headed a school of philosophy in Alexandria. She developed many theories in mathematics and invented tools for measuring the properties of water.
Hypatia
Tip
Remember: Hypatia had to stay hydrated!
Archimedes
Used mathematics to invent many machines, including water pumps. He also explained how pulleys and levers work.
Note
Archimedes is reported to have said, “Give me a lever long enough and I will move the world.”
Tip
*Remember the “M” in Archimedes = mathematics and machines
Aristarchus
Used mathematics to discover that Earth rotates and moves in a path around the sun. He also tried to calculate the size of the sun and the moon.
Tip
Remember Aristarchus studied the stars
The Hellenistic Age
The spread of culture had an effect on architecture, politics, law, literature, philosophy, religion, and art.
The Hellenistic Age
During his rule, Alexander founded new cities, using the model of Greek city-states. Many of these cities, and older ones as well, he named Alexandria, after himself.
The Hellenistic Age
Over time, the city of Alexandria, Egypt stood out from the rest. It became a new center for culture and learning.
The Hellenistic Age
The Romans borrowed from the religion, art, architecture, philosophy, literature, and language of the Greeks to build their own civilization in the region.
Wrap Up
Complete Homework and Practice Book Page 93